Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Further information: Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

The skeletal structure of norepinephrine

The skeletal structure of dopamine

A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), respectively. This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of both norepinephrine and dopamine and, therefore, an increase in adrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Uses

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors are used for clinical depression, ADD, ADHD, narcolepsy, and as antiparkinson agents.

List of NDRIs

The section only lists compounds that are selective for NET and DAT relative to the serotonin transporter (SERT). For a list of compounds that inhibit reuptake at all three transporters, see serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

File:D-methylphenidate-plane.png

The skeletal structure of methylphenidate

Many NDRIs exist, including the following:

2

Amphetamine and many of its immediate derivatives (i.e., the substituted amphetamines) are also both non-competitive and competitive inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and serotonin transporter (SERT) proteins. Amphetamine itself has comparatively low affinity for SERT relative to DAT and NET. Consequently, amphetamine is usually classified as an NDRI instead of an SNDRI. However, the substituted amphetamines have a very diverse effects profile, and many of them have significant inhibiting effects on the SERT.

Amphetamine and many of the other substituted amphetamines are inhibitors of VMAT2 and potent agonists of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1); agonism of TAAR1 triggers phosphorylation events that result in both non-competitive reuptake inhibition and reversed transport direction of monoamine transporter proteins. As a result, monoamines flow out of the cell and into the synaptic cleft. Thus, amphetamine and its derivatives have a pharmacological profile that is much different than classical NDRIs, but analogous to trace amines.

Research compounds

File:CA 2711977.svg

The CA 2711977 compound

File:US2011263651.svg

The US 2011263651 compound

CA 2711977 

Compound	5-HT-uptake IC50(μM)	DA-uptake IC50(μM)	NA-uptake IC50(μM)
Piperidine-4-carboxylic (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-ethyl-amide	0.37	0.021	0.0097
Piperidine-4-carboxylic (3-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl-amide	0.14	0.0078	0.005
Piperidine-4-carboxylic (3-4-dibromo-phenyl)-ethyl-amide	0.12	0.0040	0.0031

US 2011263651 

Compound	5-HT-uptake IC50(μM)	DA-uptake IC50(μM)	NA-uptake IC50(μM)
N-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-piperidin-4-yl-butyramide	0.57	0.012	0.030
N-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-butyramide	0.80	0.0069	0.012

See also

• Monoamine reuptake inhibitor