ACTH receptor

Melanocortin 2 receptor (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Identifiers
Symbols	MC2R ; ACTHR
External IDs	OMIM: 607397 MGI: 96928 HomoloGene: 444 IUPHAR: 283 ChEMBL: 1965 GeneCards: MC2R Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • melanocortin receptor activity • corticotropin receptor activity • protein binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane Biological process • placenta development • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger • neuropeptide signaling pathway • positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4158	17200
Ensembl	ENSG00000185231	ENSMUSG00000045569
UniProt	Q01718	Q64326
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000529	NM_001271716
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000520	NP_001258645
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 13.88 – 13.92 Mb	Chr 18: 68.41 – 68.43 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC₂ receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.

Structure

Both human and bovine ACTH receptors are synthesized as 297 residue long proteins. There is 81% homology between human and bovine sequences. The full length sequence includes seven hydrophobic domains that are predicted as transmembrane segments. In the third intracellular loop of the receptor a protein kinase A and protein kinase c phosphorylation motifs have been detected.

Tissue and subcellular localization

ACTH receptor is found in the zona fasciculata of the human adrenal cortex. Binding of the receptor by ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol. (By contrast, aldosterone production from the zona glomerulosa is stimulated primarily by angiotensin II.)

Protein recognition at the receptor uses energy obtained from the dephosphorylation of ATP to cAMP by adenylate cyclase. ACTH receptors are located on the plasma membrane, and are G protein-coupled receptors.

The ACTH receptor uses cAMP as a secondary messenger.

Pathology

Mutations in this receptor cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1, in which patients have high levels of serum ACTH and low levels of cortisol.

See also

• melanocortin

External links

• MC2 Receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)