Help:IPA for Navajo

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Navajo pronunciations in Wikipedia articles based on the pronunciation guide at "Native Languages".

Consonants IPA Orthography English approximation ʔ ’ the catch in uh-oh p b spill tʃʰ ch child tʃʼ ch' a glottalized version of ch t d stay tɬ dl somewhat like atlas ts dz cats k g skate ɰ gh no English equivalent h h he hʷ hw blowing out a candle, or as in which tʃ j teacher kʰ k king kʼ k' somewhat like bike, with glottalization kʷʼ kw' liquid with glottalization l l lake ɬ ł no English equivalent m m man n n nice s s sad ʃ sh shell tʰ t "t" in tie tʼ t' somewhat like right with glottalization tɬʰ tł no English equivalent tɬʼ tł' no English equivalent tsʰ ts cats with aspiration tsʼ ts' somewhat like cats with glottalization w w was j y yellow z z wa's ʒ zh garage, pleasure

Oral vowels IPA Orthography English approximation a˩ a somewhat like bra with low tone a˥ á somewhat like bra with high tone aː˩ aa long "a" in bra with low tone aː˥ áá long "a" in bra with high tone e˩ e met with low tone e˥ é met with high tone eː˩ ee long "e" in met with low tone eː˥ éé long "e" in met with high tone i˩ i see with low tone i˥ í see with high tone iː˩ ii long "ee" in see with low tone iː˥ íí long "ee" in seet with high tone o˩ o somewhat like go with low tone o˥ ó somewhat like go with high tone oː˩ oo long "o" with low tone oː˥ óó long "o" with high tone

Nasal vowels IPA Orthography English approximation ã˩ ą nasal "a" for bra with low tone ã˥ ą́ nasal "a" for bra with high tone ãː˩ ąą long nasal "a" for bra with low tone ãː˥ ą́ą́ long nasal "a" for bra with high tone ẽ˩ ę nasal "e" for met with low tone ẽ˥ ę́ nasal "e" for met with high tone ẽː˩ ęę long nasal "e" for met with low tone ẽː˥ ę́ę́ long nasal "e" for met with high tone ĩ˩ į nasal "ee" for see with low tone ĩ˥ į́ nasal "ee" for see with high tone ĩː˩ įį long nasal "ee" for see with low tone ĩː˥ į́į́ long nasal "ee" for see with high tone õ˩ ǫ nasal "oa" for coat with low tone õ˥ ǫ́ nasal "oa" for coat with high tone õː˩ ǫǫ long nasal "oa" for coat with low tone õː˥ ǫ́ǫ́ long nasal "oa" for coat with high tone