Help:IPA for Basque
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Basque language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Basque phonology and Basque dialects for a more thorough look at the sounds of Basque.
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
|---|---|---|
| b | bat | best |
| β | alaba[1] | between baby and bevy |
| c | kuttun | roughly like Tuesday in RP |
| d | doa | dead |
| ð | adar[1] | this |
| f | foru | face |
| ɡ | gauak | got |
| ɣ | hego[1] | between go and ahold |
| h | hamar[2] | hot |
| ɟ | onddo | roughly like due in RP |
| k | ke | scan |
| l | lagun | lean |
| ʎ | zailenak | roughly like million |
| m | maixu | mother |
| n | naharo | need |
| ɲ | ikurrina | roughly like canyon |
| p | piztu | spouse |
| r | urre | trilled r |
| ɾ | zauri | ladder in American English |
| s̺ | uso | sack[3] |
| s̻ | zeru | |
| ʃ | xehe | shine |
| t | talde | stand |
| ts̺ | urretsu | cats[3] |
| ts̻ | aitzin | |
| tʃ | tximist | choice |
| x | jakintsu[4] | you, just, loch, shine, roughly like due in RP, vision |
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
|---|---|---|
| a | gela | father |
| e | eder | bed[5] |
| i | nire | see |
| o | aho | bore[6] |
| u | hiru | food |
| y | hirü | roughly like cute (Souletin) |
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
|---|---|---|
| ai | bai | eye |
| oi | doinu | boy |
| ei | leiho | ray |
| au | hau | house |
| eu | euri | eh-oo or ey-oo |
| IPA | Examples | English approximant |
|---|---|---|
| . | gauak [ɡau.ak] | moai |
Notes
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lenition of /b d g/ occurs in regular speech in most Southern Basque dialects. Hualde (1991:99-100).
- ↑ Silent in Southern Basque dialects.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Basque contrasts two consonants that sound similar to the /s/ of Englishː /s̺/, which is apical, and /s̻/, which is laminal. Similarly, /ts̺/ and /ts̻/ are contrasted in the same way.
- ↑ /x/ is frequently heard due to its prevalence in Gipuzkoan but the realisation of the grapheme j varies depending on dialect and also includes [j, ʝ, ɟ, dʒ, ʒ, ʃ, χ]. The last, which resembles Scottish English loch, is typical of Gipuzkoan and the dialect of Gernika.
- ↑ The Basque /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of play (for most English dialects) and the vowel of bed; the Basque vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- ↑ The Basque /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of coat (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw; the Basque vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
