Help:IPA for Manchu

The charts show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Manchu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Manchu phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Manchu, as well as dialectal variations not represented here.

Consonants IPA Manchu Romanization English approximation n ᠨ n night ŋ ᠩ ng sing kʰ ᡴ, ᠺ k; k' car qʰ ᡴ᠌ k kettle k ᡤ, ᡬ g; g' scar q ᡤ g scare x ᡥ, ᡭ h; h' Scottish English loch χ ᡥ h South African English gogga p ᠪ b spill pʰ ᡦ p pace s ᠰ s sun ʃ ᡧ š shape ɕ ᠰ, ᡧ s, š, x sheep tʰ ᡨ t tale t ᡩ d stamp l ᠯ l lamp m ᠮ m mail t͡ʃʰ ᠴ č, c charm with a puff of air t͡ɕʰ ᠴ č, c, q cheap with a puff of air t͡ʃ ᠵ j, ž, zh riches t͡ɕ ᠵ j, ž jeep j ᠶ y yours r ᡵ r roll (trill) f ᡶ f full w ᠸ w wish tʂʰ ᡮ, ᡱ c'; c'y channel with a puff of air ts ᡯ dz, z cats ʐ ᡰ ž, r' real or vision tʂɨ ᡷ j', j'y chirp

Vowels IPA Manchu Romanization English approximation a ᠠ a car ə ᡝ e fern i ᡳ i see ɔ ᠣ o raw u ᡠ u moon ʊ ᡡ ū, v foot ɨ ᡟ y circus y ᡳᠣᡳ ioi (none, German ü) Diphthongs ai ᠠᡳ ai eye aʊ ᠠᠣ ao cow əi ᡝᡳ ei hay ɔu ᠣᠣ oo bow and arrow

Notes

• ᡴ, ᡤ, ᡥ are used before /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/; ᡴ᠌, ᡤ, ᡥ are used before /ə/, /i/, and /ʊ/.
• ᠰ and ᡧ are pronounced /ɕ/ before /i/.
• ᠴ is pronounced /t͡ɕʰ/ before /i/.
• ᠵ is pronounced /t͡ɕ/ before /i/.
• ᡦ is rarely used in modern Manchu, and is often replaced by ᡶ in native words, except in onomatopoeia.
• Syllable-initial and final ᠯ and ᡵ only exist in foreign words.
• ᡟ, ᡳᠣᡳ, ᠺ, ᡬ, ᡭ, ᡮ, ᡱ, ᡯ, ᡰ, and ᡷ are used in foreign words.