South African Class 14A 4-8-2

South African Class 14A & 14R 4-8-2

300px Class 14R no. 1905 at Klerksdorp, 17 April 1978

Type and origin ♠ Class 14A as built with a Belpaire firebox ♥ Class 14R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler ♣ Steel firebox - ♦ Copper firebox Power type Steam Designer South African Railways (D.A. Hendrie) Builder North British Locomotive Company Serial number 20568-20587, 20822-20842 Model Class 14A Build date 1914 Total produced 41

Specifications Configuration 4-8-2 (Mountain) Driver axle 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia Coupled dia 48 in (1,219 mm) Trailing dia 33 in (838 mm) Tender wheels 34 in (864 mm) Wheelbase  • Engine 30 ft 7 in (9,322 mm)  • Leading 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)  • Coupled 12 ft 9 in (3,886 mm)  • Tender 16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length Height ♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥ Axle load ♠ ♥♣  • Leading ♠ ♥♣  • 1st coupled ♠ ♥♣  • 2nd coupled ♠ ♥♣  • 3rd coupled ♠ ♥♣  • 4th coupled ♠ ♥ ♣  • Trailing ♠ ♥♣  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: Bogie 2:  • Tender axle Adhesive weight ♠ ♥♣ Loco weight ♠ ♥♣ Tender weight Loco & tender weight ♠ ♥♣ Tender type MP1 (2-axle bogies) MP, MP1, MR, MS, MT, MT1, MT2, MX, MY, MY1 permitted Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 10 LT (10.2 t) Water cap Generator Pyle National turbo Boiler Watson Standard no. 2  • Pitch ♠ 7 ft 7 in (2,311 mm) ♥  • Diameter ♠ ♥  • Tube plates ♠ 19 ft (5,791 mm) ♥♣ 19 ft 4 in (5,893 mm) ♥♦  • Small tubes ♠ 119: ♥ 87:  • large tubes ♠ 21: ♥ 30:  • Firebox type ♠ Belpaire - ♥ Round-top Boiler pressure ♠ 180 psi (1,241 kPa) ♥ 190 psi (1,310 kPa) Safety valve ♠ Ramsbottom - ♥ Pop Firegrate area 37 sq ft (3.4 m2) Heating surface ♠ 2,059 sq ft (191.3 m2) ♥ 2,075 sq ft (192.8 m2)  • Tubes ♠ 1,909 sq ft (177.4 m2) ♥ 1,933 sq ft (179.6 m2)  • Firebox ♠ 150 sq ft (14 m2) ♥ 142 sq ft (13.2 m2) Superheater:  • Heating area ♠ 483 sq ft (44.9 m2) ♥ 492 sq ft (45.7 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 21 in (533 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston Couplers Bell link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1950s)

Performance figures Tractive effort ♠ 32,250 lbf (143.5 kN) @ 75% ♥ 37,360 lbf (166.2 kN) @ 75%

Career Operators South African Railways Class Class 14A & 14R Number in class 41 Numbers 1576-1595, 1901-1921 Delivered 1914-1915 First run 1914

The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 14A 4-8-2 of 1914 was a steam locomotive.

In 1914 and 1915, the South African Railways placed 41 Class 14A steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. It was a lighter version of the Class 14, which had entered service a year earlier.

Manufacturer

Following the success of the Class 14, D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR), used its design as basis for the lighter Class 14A locomotive for use on coastal lines, particularly the Cape Eastern line from East London, where the physical conditions were approximately similar to those of the lower sections of the Natal mainline, but the permanent way was not as heavy. This second version of the Class 14 was ordered from the North British Locomotive Company in 1913 and was built in two batches. Twenty were delivered in 1914, numbered in the range from 1576 to 1595, and another 21 in 1914 and 1915, numbered in the range from 1901 to 1921.

Characteristics

File:D.A. Hendrie.jpg

D.A. Hendrie

Like the Class 14, the Class 14A had piston valves, Walschaerts valve gear, a Belpaire firebox and was superheated, but it had nearly 6 inches (152 millimetres) less boiler diameter than the Class 14, to reduce the axle loading from to . To compensate for the smaller boilers, they were equipped with smaller cylinders with a bore of 21 inches (533 millimetres) instead of .

The locomotives were erected at the East London workshops. Apart from their boilers and cylinders, the frame and other important components were standard with those of the Class 14, such as the driving wheels, bogie, Pyle National turbo-generators and headlamps, Hasler speed indicator, sight feed lubricators, Hendrie's steam reversing gear, steam operation for rocking the firegrate, Gresham and Craven injectors, steam brakes and combination vacuum ejectors. It was also delivered with Type MP1 tenders, which had a coal capacity of 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes) and a water capacity of . One noticeable visible difference from the Class 14 was the absence of the two large sandboxes on each running board.

Watson Standard boilers

During the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type, designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.

From the mid-1930s, all the Class 14A locomotives except no. 1915, were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers. In the process they were also equipped with Watson cabs, with their distinctive slanted fronts, compared to the conventional vertical fronts of their original cabs. In spite of still being nearly 3 long tons (3.0 tonnes) lighter after reboilering, they were reclassified to Class 14R along with reboilered Class 14 locomotives, instead of to Class 14AR. Even so, they could still be identified as ex Class 14A locomotives by the absence of the big sandboxes on their running boards.

Their original Belpaire boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves. An obvious difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover, just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of reboilered Class 14A locomotives, two even more obvious differences are the Watson cab and the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.

Service

South African Railways

As intended, the Class 14A was placed in service on the East London mainline. Although they were good engines, they were not very successful there and were soon relocated to be shared between the Cape Western system, for use between Cape Town and Beaufort West, and the Eastern Transvaal system, for use on the line to Delagoa Bay out of Pretoria, particularly between Waterval Boven and Komatipoort. The Cape Western's engines later joined the rest of the Class in the Eastern Transvaal. They proved themselves as free steaming locomotives, low on maintenance costs and trouble-free, and therefore popular with crews and fitters alike.

Industrial

Six were eventually sold into industrial service.

• No. 1586 went to Rustenburg Platinum Mines, retaining its SAR number.
• No. 1589 became Bob at the Vaal Reefs Gold Mine.
• No. 1906 became Randfontein Estates Gold Mine no. 6.
• No. 1908 became Apex Colliery no. 4 at Greenside.
• No. 1918 went to St Helena Gold Mines.
• No. 1921 became Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Limited no. 3 Duggie.

Illustration

The main picture shows second order Class 14R no. 1905 at Klerksdorp, Transvaal, on 17 April 1978. The first of the following pictures illustrate the locomotive, as built, while the rest show reboilered Class 14R (ex Class 14A) locomotives in service.

• Class 14A 1578 (4-8-2) Playing Cards.jpg

  No. 1578, as built with a Belpaire firebox and Type MP1 tender, c. 1914

• SAR Class 14R 1590 Cato Ridge 240378.jpg

  Reboilered no. 1590 Mary with a modified Type MP1 tender, Cato Ridge, 1978

• SAR Class 14R 1592 Masons Mill 290379.jpg

  Reboilered no. 1592, Mason's Mill, Pietermaritzburg, 1979

• SAR Class 14R 1907 Klerksdorp 170478.jpg

  Reboilered no. 1907 with a Type MR tender, Klerksdorp, 1978

• SAR Class 14R 1911 De Aar 150478.jpg

  Reboilered no. 1911 with a Type MY tender, De Aar, 1978