United States Coast Guard Academy

"USCGA" redirects here. For other uses, see USCGA (disambiguation).

United States Coast Guard Academy

Former names	Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction (1876)
Motto	Scientiæ Cedit Mare (Latin)
Motto in English	The sea yields to knowledge
Type	U.S. Service Academy
Established	1876
Superintendent	James E. Rendon
Dean	Kurt J. Colella
Commandant	Melissa L. Rivera
Academic staff	130
Students	896 cadets (as of September 2014)
Location	New London , Connecticut , U.S.
Campus	Suburban – 110 acres (44.5 ha)
Fight song	"Semper Paratus"
Colors	Blue and Orange
Nickname	Bears
Mascot	Objee the Bear
Website	www.uscga.edu

Founded in 1876, the United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) is the service academy of the United States Coast Guard. Located in New London, Connecticut, it is the smallest of the five federal service academies. The academy provides education to future Coast Guard officers in one of eight major fields of study.

Unlike the other service academies, admission to the academy does not require a congressional nomination. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets. Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Coast Guard in exchange for an obligation of five years active duty service upon graduation. This obligation increases if the cadet chooses to go to flight school or graduate school. Approximately 250 cadets enter the academy each summer with about 200 cadets graduating. Graduates are commissioned as ensigns. The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree in one of eight majors, with a curriculum that grades cadets' performance upon a holistic education of academics, physical fitness, character and leadership. Cadets are required to adhere to the academy's "Honor Concept," "Who lives here reveres honor, honors duty," which is emblazoned in the halls of the academy's entrance.

The academy's motto is Scientiæ cedit mare, which is Latin for "the sea yields to knowledge" (the trident, emblem of the Roman god Neptune, represents seapower).

The Academy is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, ABET, and AACSB for its various programs.·

History

Historic photograph of the USRC Dobbin

The roots of the academy lie in the School of Instruction of the Revenue Cutter Service, the school of the Revenue Cutter Service. Established near New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1876, the School of Instruction used the USRC Dobbin for its exercises. Captain John Henriques served as superintendent from founding until 1883. The one civilian instructor was Professor Edwin Emery, who taught mathematics, astronomy, English composition, French, physics, theoretical steam engineering, history, international law, and revenue law, among other subjects. The School was, in essence, a two-year apprenticeship, supplemented by minimal classroom work. The student body averaged five to ten cadets per class. With changes to new training vessels, the school moved to Curtis Bay, Maryland, in 1900 and again in 1910 to Fort Trumbull, a Revolutionary War–era Army installation near New London, Connecticut. In 1914 the school became the Revenue Cutter Academy, and with the 1915 merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the Life Saving Service, it became the Coast Guard Academy.

The land for the construction of the new Coast Guard Academy in New London was purchased in 1930. The 40-acre site, made up of two parcels from the Allyn and Payne estates, was purchased for $100,000 on 31 July 1930. The $100,000 was raised not through a bond issue as originally planned, but with a bank loan based on uncollected back taxes. The contract was awarded to Murch Brothers Construction Company of St. Louis and ground was broken on January 1931 by Jean Hamlet, daughter of RADM Harry G. Hamlet, Academy Superintendent from 1928–1932. On 15 May 1931, Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon visited New London to lay the cornerstone of Hamilton Hall. Construction proceeded relatively on schedule and cadets moved into the new buildings on 20 September 1932.

In 1946, the academy received, as a war reparation from Germany, the barque Horst Wessel, a 295-foot tall ship which was renamed the USCGC Eagle. It remains the main training vessel for cadets at the academy as well as for officer candidates as the Coast Guard's Officer Candidate School, which is located on the grounds of the USCGA.

The academy was racially integrated in 1962, at the request of President Kennedy. The academy began admitting women in 1976 at the request of Congress.

Mission

While Superintendent of the academy, in 1929 Vice Admiral Harry G. Hamlet composed the academy's mission statement. All entering cadets must memorize the mission during their first few days of Swab Summer, the indoctrination period for new cadets.

The mission of the United States Coast Guard Academy is to graduate young men and women with sound bodies, stout hearts and alert minds, with a liking for the sea and its lore, and with that high sense of Honor, Loyalty and Obedience which goes with trained initiative and leadership; well-grounded in seamanship, the sciences and the amenities, and strong in the resolve to be worthy of the traditions of commissioned officers in the United States Coast Guard, in the service of their country and humanity.

Admission

Aerial view of Washington Parade field and campus

Unlike the other service academies, admission to the USCGA does not require a congressional nomination. This is due to the fervent objections of Captain John A. Henriques, the first Superintendent of the Revenue Cutter School of Instruction (later the Revenue Cutter Academy). His objection stemmed from years of poor political appointments in the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service's bureaucracy.

The academy is regularly cited as being one of the most difficult American institutions of higher education in which to gain entrance. Each year more than 2000 students apply and appointments are offered until the number accepting appointments to the incoming class numbers approximately 240. Those who have accepted appointments as cadets report to the USCGA in late June or early July for "Swab Summer", a basic military training program designed to prepare them for the rigors of their Fourth Class year. After four years of study and training, approximately 200 of those cadets will graduate. About 35 percent of cadets are women.

Course of study

An Academy class graduating

All graduating cadets earn commissions as ensigns in the United States Coast Guard, as well as Bachelor of Science degrees. For that reason the academy maintains a core curriculum of science and professional development courses in addition to major-specific courses. Each cadet takes two semesters of classes during the school year and then spends the majority of the summer in military training to produce officers of character with the requisite professional skills. Among these are courses in leadership, ethics, organizational behavior, and nautical science. The majority of cadets report to their first units after graduating, which are either afloat units, shore units, or basic flight training as student naval aviators, with the training conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Navy. Those that are assigned afloat serve as either deck watch officers or student engineers. Professional maritime studies courses help prepare cadets in piloting, voyage planning, deck seamanship, and all aspects of shiphandling, as well as Coast Guard leadership and administrative duties.

Academic majors

Academics at the USCGA stress the sciences and engineering, but different courses of study are available. In addition, several of the majors offer tracks of specialization (for example, Marine and Environmental Science majors can choose to focus on biology, chemistry, or geophysics). Cadets sometimes opt to take elective courses with Connecticut College (adjacent the academy's campus) as part of an open exchange agreement.

The academy offers eight majors:

• Civil Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
• Operations Research and Computer Analysis
• Marine and Environmental Sciences
• Government
• Management

Military training

The barque USCGC Eagle (WIX-327), the United States' only active duty tall ship. The ship is used by the USCGA as a sail training ship.

Each summer, cadets participate in training programs according to their class. The summers are organized as follows:

• Swab Summer: The new class of freshmen report in to the Academy, and are sworn into the military. They undergo a seven-week basic training program that culminates on a week-long voyage underway on the barque USCGC Eagle.
• Third-class (3/c) Summer: Five weeks aboard the USCGC Eagle training under sail, five weeks aboard an operational Coast Guard cutter or small boat station in the role of junior enlisted (i.e., standing watches as helmsman, lookout, quartermaster of the watch, or engineering watch).
• Second-class (2/c) Summer: Damage control training, weapon qualifications, navigation rules certification, aviation internship, sail training program, and three weeks as members of the cadre, who train the incoming Swabs.
• First-class (1/c) Summer: Ten weeks aboard an operational cutter in the role of a junior officer (i.e., standing bridge watches conning the ship as Officer of the Deck), or an optional internship for exceptional cadets who split their summer with five weeks at an internship and five weeks aboard a cutter.

Each week during the school year cadets participate in Regimental Review, a formal military drill. In addition, cadets perform a variety of military duties at the academy. Like all cadets and midshipmen at the United States service academies, Coast Guard cadets are on active duty in the military and wear uniforms at all times. Cadets receive a monthly stipend to pay for books, uniforms, and other necessities. Cadets receive monthly pay of $1,017.00, as of 2015. From this amount, pay is automatically deducted for the cost of uniforms, books, supplies, services, and other miscellaneous expenses. Cadets only receive a portion of their total pay in cash. Fourth-class to second-class receive monthly stipends of $100, $200, $300, respectively. First-class receive the difference between the pay and outstanding expenses.

Organization of the Corps of Cadets

The Corps is organized as one regiment divided into eight companies, each of which is composed of about 120 cadets of all classes. Although the Corps of Cadets is supervised directly by the Commandant of Cadets (a Coast Guard officer with the rank of captain), the academy operates on the concept of "the Corps leading the Corps."

The Corps of Cadets is largely a self-directed organization that follows a standard military chain of command:

• 1st class cadets lead the Corps
• 2nd class cadets are cadre in Swab Summer training and are primarily responsible for leading and developing 4th class cadets. They serve as mentors
• 3rd class cadets are role models to 4th class cadets
• 4th class cadets are responsible for learning and applying Coast Guard core values such as leadership, teamwork, attention to detail, accountability, etc.

The highest-ranking cadet in each company is the Company Commander, a first-class cadet ("firstie"), equivalent to a senior. Although each company has some leeway in their standards and practices, every company commander reports to the Regimental Staff who plan and oversee all aspects of cadet life. At the top of the cadet chain of command is the Regimental Commander, the highest ranking cadet. Command positions, both in companies and on Regimental Staff, are highly competitive, and a cadet's overall class rank is often a deciding factor in who is awarded the position.

The eight companies are named for the first eight letters of the NATO phonetic alphabet. Each has a special focus in administering day-to-day affairs: Alfa company is in charge of health and wellness. Bravo company is in charge of training. Charlie company is in charge of administering the honor system, Delta company is in charge of drill and ceremonies. Echo company is in charge of transportation and logistics. Foxtrot is in charge of operating the cadet conduct system, organizing the watch rotations, and making the regulations. Golf company is in charge of supplies for cleaning and repairing damaged rooms within the corps. Hotel company is in charge of morale events, and so forth. To accomplish these missions, each company is divided, along shipboard lines, into three departments, each of which is divided into a variety of divisions. Divisions are the most basic unit at the Coast Guard Academy, and each has a very specific duty. Each division is commanded by a firstie and contains several members of each other class.

This organizational structure is designed to give every cadet a position of leadership and to emulate the structure of a Coast Guard cutter, in which the division officer and department head positions are filled by junior officers. Third-class cadets directly mentor the fourth-class in their division, just as junior petty officers would be responsible for the most junior enlisted personnel (non-rates). Second-class cadets act as non-commissioned officers, and ensure that the regulations and accountability are upheld. Firsties (like junior officers) are in supervisory roles, and are responsible for carrying out the mission of their divisions and ensuring the well-being of those under their command. Exchange cadets from the other federal service academies are also a part of the Corps, and take part in many activities alongside their USCGA counterparts.

Extracurricular activities

Athletics

Main article: Coast Guard Bears

The USCGA Athletic Department offers 24 intercollegiate sports for cadets. The academy's athletics teams generally compete in Division III of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Cadets devote two hours per academic day to athletic activities, either on varsity teams, club teams, or other sports pursuits. The academy nickname is the Bears, after the USRC Bear, which made a dramatic rescue in Alaska in 1897, shortly after the opening of the academy.

Music

Non-athletic activities also abound. Principal among them are the musical activities, centered on Leamy Hall. Regimental Band, Windjammers Drum & Bugle Corps, various pep bands, and the NiteCaps Jazz Band are some of the instrumental programs. Chapel Choirs, Glee Club, the Fairwinds all-female a cappella group, and The Idlers all-male sea shanty group are some of the vocal programs.

Model UN

The academy's Model UN team was started in 2004, and has since been successfully competing around North America, and at the World Model UN Conference.

Clubs

Multiple clubs are offered to students at the Academy, such as the Judo Club, to help assist them in networking with others. All clubs are non-discriminating and offer insight into many cultures or sports based on the club theme.

Traditions

Links in the Chain

For years it has been a United States Coast Guard Academy tradition for fourth-class cadets (freshman) to hide the chain links that sit outside the cadet library, also known as Waesche Hall. The chain links are historic: they were used during the Revolutionary War to prevent ships from transiting up the Hudson River and attacking West Point. When Benedict Arnold betrayed the United States, the chain links were one of the secrets that he revealed to the British. The family that originally forged the chain donated the links to the United States Coast Guard Academy. Since the donation, the fourth class is challenged each year at the annual homecoming football game to outwit the second class (juniors) and keep the chain hidden until half-time. If the fourth class is successful in hiding the links until the end of the second quarter, it is granted some sort of reward such as carry-on (this allows the fourth class to have privileges of the upper upperclassman for a day).

Notable alumni

Name	Class	Notability
Worth G. Ross	1879	Captain-Commandant; 3rd Commandant of the Coast Guard (1905–1911), member of the first graduating class of the School of Instruction
William E. Reynolds	1880	Rear Admiral; 5th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1919–1924)
Ellsworth P. Bertholf	1887	Commodore; last Captain-Commandant of the United States Revenue Cutter Service (1911–1915); 4th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1915–1919); awarded Congressional Gold Medal for participation in the Overland Relief Expedition
Leonidas I. Robinson	1889	First Academy graduate to die in the line of duty
Frederick C. Billard	1896	Rear Admiral; 6th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1924–1932); Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy (1921–1924)
Harry G. Hamlet	1896	Vice Admiral; 7th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1932–1936); Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy (1928–1932); Gold Lifesaving Medal recipient; author of "The Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman"
Russell R. Waesche	1906	Admiral; 8th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1936–1946); longest serving Commandant
Philip F. Roach	1907	Commodore; recipient of the Navy Cross
William J. Keester	1910	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 5th Coast Guard District
Joseph Stika	1911	Vice Admiral; recipient of the Navy Cross
Joseph F. Farley	1912	Admiral; 9th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1946–1950)
Elmer Fowler Stone	1913	United States Naval Aviator, piloted the NC-4 on the first naval transatlantic flight
Lyndon Spencer	1918	Vice Admiral; commanding officer of the USS Bayfield (APA-33) during World War II
Harold G. Bradbury	1920	Rear Admiral; commanding officer of the USS Leonard Wood (APA-12), USS Wakefield (AP-21) and USCGC Duane (WPG-33) during World War II; Commander of the 1st Coast Guard District
Merlin O'Neill	1921	Vice Admiral; 10th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1950–1954); 4th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1946–1949)
Alfred C. Richmond	1924	Admiral; 11th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1954–1962)
Edward Thiele	1927	Rear Admiral; Engineer-in-Chief of the Coast Guard (1958–1961)
Carl B. Olsen	1928	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 8th Coast Guard District
Edwin J. Roland	1929	Admiral; 12th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1962–1966); 7th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1962)
Allen Winbeck	1929	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 13th and 12th Coast Guard Districts
A. J. Carpenter	1933	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 11th and 3rd Coast Guard Districts
John Birdsell Oren	1933	Rear Admiral; Chief of Engineering
Willard J. Smith	1933	Admiral; 13th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1966–1970)
Chester R. Bender	1936	Admiral; 14th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1970–1974)
Arthur B. Engel	1938	Rear Admiral; Superintendent of the Coast Guard Academy (1967–1970)
Benjamin F. Engel	1938	Vice Admiral; Commander of the 14th and 3rd Coast Guard Districts
Thomas R. Sargent III	1938	Vice Admiral; 11th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1970–1974)
Ellis L. Perry	1941	Vice Admiral; 12th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1974–1978)
Owen W. Siler	1943	Admiral; 15th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1974–1978)
G. William Miller	1945	Chairman of the Federal Reserve (1978–1979); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1979–1981)
John B. Hayes	1947	Admiral; 16th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1978–1982)
Robert A. Duin	1948	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 17th Coast Guard District
James S. Gracey	1949	Admiral; 17th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1982–1986)
Sidney A. Wallace	1949	Rear Admiral; Chief of Public and International Affairs (1975–1977)
Benedict L. Stabile	1950	Vice Admiral; 14th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
Paul A. Yost, Jr.	1951	Admiral; 18th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1986–1990)
Robert S. Lucas	1952	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 17th Coast Guard District
James C. Irwin	1953	Vice Admiral; 15th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
Theodore J. Wojnar	1953	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 13th Coast Guard District
William P. Kozlovsky	1954	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 14th Coast Guard District
Clyde T. Lusk	1954	Vice Admiral; 16th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
J. William Kime	1957	Admiral; 19th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1990–1994)
Robert T. Nelson	1958	Vice Admiral; 18th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
William J. Ecker	1960	Rear Admiral; Commander of the 2nd and 5th Coast Guard Districts
Richard A. Appelbaum	1961	Rear Admiral; Chief of Law Enforcement and Defense Operations
Robert E. Kramek	1961	Admiral; 20th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1994–1998)
Arthur E. Henn	1962	Vice Admiral; 19th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
James C. Card	1964	Vice Admiral; 21st Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
Richard D. Herr	1964	Vice Admiral; 20th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
James Loy	1964	Admiral; 21st Commandant of the Coast Guard (1998–2002); Acting Secretary United States Department of Homeland Security(2005), United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005); 2nd Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration (2002–2003);
Paul M. Blayney	1965	Rear Admiral; Commander of the Thirteenth Coast Guard District
Thomas H. Collins	1968	Admiral; 22nd Commandant of the Coast Guard (2002–2006); guided the Coast Guard after the terrorist attacks of 9/11; 22nd Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (2000–2002)
John T. Tozzi	1968	Rear Admiral; Director of Information and Technology (1996–1997)
Terry M. Cross	1970	Vice Admiral; 24th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
Thad Allen	1971	Admiral; Principal Federal Official for the response to Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita and National Incident Commander for the response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf Coast region; 23rd Commandant of the Coast Guard (2006–2010)
Charles D. Wurster	1971	Vice Admiral; national commodore of the Sea Scouting division of the Boy Scouts of America
Erroll M. Brown	1972	Rear Admiral; First African-American Coast Guard flag officer
Bruce E. Melnick	1972	Commander; First Coast Guard astronaut
Timothy S. Sullivan	1975	Rear Admiral; Senior Military Advisor and Operational Advisor to the United States Secretary of Homeland Security; Primary Military Coordinator between the United States Department of Homeland Security and United States Department of Defense
Robert J. Papp, Jr.	1975	Admiral; 24th Commandant of the Coast Guard (2010–2014)
David Pekoske	1977	Vice Admiral; 26th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
Paul F. Zukunft	1977	Admiral; 25th and current Commandant of the Coast Guard (2014 – present)
Sandra L. Stosz	1982	Vice Admiral; first female Academy graduate to achieve flag rank; former Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy; first woman to command a United States military service academy.
Stephen E. Flynn	1982	Ph.D.; author; chair at the Council on Foreign Relations
Daniel C. Burbank	1985	Captain; second Coast Guard astronaut
Charles D. Michel	1985	Admiral; 30th and current Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard; first career judge advocate in any of the armed forces to achieve four-star rank.

U.S. Coast Guard Museum

The U.S. Coast Guard Museum is located in Waesche Hall on the grounds of the United States Coast Guard Academy. The museum's artifacts reflect the history of the U.S. Coast Guard and include ship models, carved figureheads, cannons, uniforms, medals, weapons, memorabilia and paintings. Visitors must bring a government-issued photo identification to enter the campus, and international visitors must make an appointment with the Curator before visiting the museum.

See also

• United States Military Academy
• United States Naval Academy
• United States Air Force Academy
• United States Merchant Marine Academy

Further reading

• John P. Lovell. Neither Athens nor Sparta?: The American Service Academies in Transition (1979),