Paromomycin

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Paromomycin
Paromomycin structure.svg
Paromomycin ball-and-stick.png
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-
4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-
3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-oxan-2-yl]
oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-
3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a601098
Pregnancy
category
  • US: N (Not classified yet)
Legal status
Routes of
administration		 Oral, intramuscular
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability None
Metabolism None
Biological half-life ?
Excretion Fecal
Identifiers
CAS Number 1263-89-4 YesY
ATC code A07AA06 (WHO)
PubChem CID: 441375
DrugBank DB01421 YesY
ChemSpider 390117 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:7934 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL370143 N
Chemical data
Formula C23H47N5O18S
Molecular mass 615.629 g/mol
  • O=S(=O)(O)O.O([C@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1N)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]3N)[C@H]4O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4N)CO
  • InChI=1S/C23H45N5O14.H2O4S/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(27)21(37-7)41-19-9(4-30)39-23(17(19)36)42-20-12(31)5(25)1-6(26)18(20)40-22-11(28)16(35)14(33)8(3-29)38-22;1-5(2,3)4/h5-23,29-36H,1-4,24-28H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23+;/m1./s1 YesY
  • Key:LJRDOKAZOAKLDU-UDXJMMFXSA-N YesY
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in the 1950s.[1] It was discovered by Parke Davis now Pfizer and introduced as Humatin in 1960.[2] It is also called monomycin and aminosidine;[3]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[4]

Medical uses

It is an antibiotic used to treat intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis[5] and amoebiasis,[6] and other diseases such as leishmaniasis.[7] Paromomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in the early 1990s.[3]

The route of administration is intramuscular injection and capsule. Paromomycin topical cream with or without gentamicin is an effective treatment for ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis, according to the results of a phase-3, randomized, double-blind, parallel group–controlled trial.[8]

Mechanism

Paromomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor in nonresistant cells by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA.[9] This broad-spectrum antibiotic soluble in water, is very similar in action to neomycin. Antimicrobial activity of paromomycin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been shown.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ "paromomycin" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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