United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811

United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811

Dates vary by state
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Last election 27 seats (79.4%) 7 seats (20.6%) Seats before 26 (76.5%) 8 (23.5%) Seats won 27 (79.4%) 7 (20.6%) Seat change 1 1 Seats up 9 2
Majority party before election Democratic-Republican Elected Majority party Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1810 and 1811 were elections that had the majority Democratic-Republican Party gain one seat in the United States Senate. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 20.6%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after June 1810 special election in New Hamphsire.

DR7	DR6	DR5	DR4	DR3	DR2	DR1
DR8	DR9	DR10	DR11	DR12	DR13	DR14	DR15	DR16	DR17
Majority →									DR18
F8	DR26	DR25	DR24	DR23	DR22	DR21	DR20	DR19
F7	F6	F5	F4	F3	F2	F1

Beginning of the next Congress

DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18 Re-elected DR27 Gain* DR26 Hold DR25 Hold DR24 Re-elected DR23 Re-elected DR22 Re-elected DR21 Re-elected DR20 Re-elected DR19 Re-elected F7 Re-elected F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Note: DR27 (Massachusetts seat): Incumbent Federalist lost re-election, but successor Democratic-Republican was elected late in 1811, after this Congress began.

Key:	DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 11th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Delaware (Class 1)	Samuel White	Federalist	1801 (Appointed) 1796 (Special) 1803 1809	Incumbent died November 4, 1809. Winner elected January 12, 1810 to finish the term ending March 4, 1815. Federalist hold.	√ Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Nahum Parker	Democratic-Republican	1807	Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810. Winner elected June 21, 1810 to finish the term ending March 4, 1813. Federalist gain.	√ Charles Cutts (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 1)	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1797 1803 1809	Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810. Winner elected December 4, 1810 to finish the term ending March 4, 1815. Federalist hold.	√ Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 1)	Return J. Meigs, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808 (Special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810 to become Governor of Ohio. Winner elected December 15, 1810 to finish the term ending March 4, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Thomas Sumter	Democratic-Republican	1801 (Special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. Winner elected December 31, 1810 to finish the term ending March 4, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to the next full term (See below).	√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 12th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Delaware	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (Special) 1805	Incumbent re-elected.	√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	William H. Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1807 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Henry Clay	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Appointed)	Appointee retired to run for U.S. House of Representatives. Winner elected in 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1803 (Special) 1804	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner was elected late on June 29, 1811 due to partisan deadlock in the Massachusetts Senate. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Nicholas Gilman	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	John Condit	Democratic-Republican	1803 (Appointed) ? (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	James Turner	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected.	√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Elisha Mathewson	Democratic-Republican	1807 (Special)	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] Winner elected in 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jeremiah B. Howell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	William B. Giles	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed, class 1) 1804 (Special) 1804	Incumbent re-elected in 1811.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Tennessee (Class 2)	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special)	Resigned October 8, 1811. Winner elected October 8, 1811 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Christopher G. Champlin	Federalist	1809 (Special)	Resigned October 12, 1811. Winner elected October 28, 1811 to finish term ending March 4, 1815. Federalist hold.	√ William Hunter (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

See also

• United States House of Representatives elections, 1810
• 11th United States Congress
• 12th United States Congress

References

• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov