1816–17 United States Senate elections

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1816–17 United States Senate elections
← 1814 & 1815 Dates vary by state 1818 & 1819 →
12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
19 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 26 seats 11 seats
Seats before 23 12
Seats won 9 3
Seats after 25 13
Seat change Increase 2 Increase 1
Seats up 9 2
330px
Results:
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Dem-Republican hold      Dem-Republican gain
     Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

 Elected Majority Party


Democratic-Republican

The 1816–17 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain a net of two seats from the admission of a new state, and which coincided with the presidential election.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 15th Congress (1817–1819)

  • Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (25–28)
  • Minority Party: Federalist (13–12)
  • Total Seats: 38–42

Change in composition

Results of the January 1816 special elections

DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18
Majority → DR19
Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F9
Md.
Gain		 F10 F11 F12 F13 DR23 DR22 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR21
Va.
Gain		 DR20
F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Before the general elections

DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR15
Ga.
Resigned		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR16
La.
Ran		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR17
Mass.
Unknown		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR18
N.J.
Unknown		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR19
N.C.
Resigned
Majority → rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR20
R.I.
Retired
F10 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F11
Del.
Ran		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F12
Ky.
Retired		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F13
N.H.
Unknown		 Template:Party shading/TBD/active | TBD1
Ind.
New seat		 Template:Party shading/TBD/active | TBD2
Ind.
New seat		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR23
Va.
Unknown		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR22
Tenn.
Unknown		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR21
S.C.
Resigned
F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Results of the general elections

DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR15
Ga.
Hold		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR16
Ind.
Gain		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR17
Ind.
Gain		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR18
Ky.
Gain		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR19
La.
Hold
Majority → rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR20
N.H.
Gain
F10 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F11
Del.
Hold		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F12
Mass.
Gain		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/active | F13
R.I.
Gain		 V1
Tenn.
DR Loss		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR24
Va.
Hold		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR23
S.C.
Hold		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR22
N.C.
Hold		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR21
N.J.
Hold
F9
F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Results of the 1817 special elections

DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20
Majority → DR21
F11 F12 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR28
Tenn.
Elected[lower-alpha 1]		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR27
N.H.
Gain		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR26
Miss.
New seat		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR25
Miss.
New seat		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active | DR24
Vt.
Hold		 DR23 DR22
F10 F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
Key
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the preceding Congress

In these special and general elections, the winners were seated during 1816 or before March 4, 1817; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Virginia
(Class 2)		 Vacant William B. Giles (DR) had resigned March 3, 1815.
John Wayles Eppes (DR) was elected December 7, 1815, but declined to serve.
New senator elected January 3, 1816 on the fourth ballot despite being legally too young to serve.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner later lost re-election to the next term, see below.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Maryland
(Class 1)		 Vacant The Maryland General Assembly failed to elect in time for the March 4, 1815 beginning of the term.
New senator elected January 29, 1816.
Federalist gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Massachusetts
(Class 1)		 Christopher Gore Federalist 1813 (Appointed)
1815 (Special)		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1816, unhappy with the politics of Washington and suffering from poor health.
New senator elected June 12, 1816.
Federalist hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Indiana
(Class 1)		 New seat Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816.
New senator elected November 8, 1816.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Indiana
(Class 3)		 New seat Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816.
New senator elected November 8, 1816.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Georgia
(Class 2)		 William Wyatt Bibb Democratic-Republican 1813 (Special) Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 9, 1816.
New senator elected November 13, 1816.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • ▌Green tickY George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) 62 votes
  • ▌Clark 49 votes
  • ▌Spalding 6 votes[5]
North Carolina
(Class 2)		 James Turner Democratic-Republican 1804
1810		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health.
New senator elected December 4, 1816 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
South Carolina
(Class 2)		 John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1810 (Special)
1810		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 1816.
New senator elected December 4, 1816.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Kentucky
(Class 2)		 Martin D. Hardin Federalist 1814 (Appointed) Incumbent appointee elected December 5, 1816.[8]
Winner was not later a candidate for the next term, see below.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Maryland
(Class 1)		 Robert Goodloe Harper Federalist 1816 (Special) Template:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned December 6, 1816.
New senator elected December 20, 1816.
Federalist hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1817; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Delaware William H. Wells Federalist 1799 (Special)
1799
1804 (Resigned)
1813 (Special)		 Template:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 31, 1817 on the third ballot.
Federalist hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Georgia William Wyatt Bibb Democratic-Republican 1813 (Special) Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Resigned November 9, 1816.
New senator elected November 13, 1816 on the second ballot.
Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • ▌Green tickY George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) 62 votes
  • ▌Clark 49 votes
  • ▌Spalding 6 votes[5]
Kentucky Martin D. Hardin Federalist 1816 (Appointed)
1816 (Special)		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 10, 1816 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Louisiana James Brown Democratic-Republican 1813 (Special) Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1817.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Massachusetts Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican 1811 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected June 12, 1816.
Federalist gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
New Hampshire Thomas W. Thompson Federalist 1814 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1816 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
New Jersey John Condit Democratic-Republican 1809 (Special)
1810		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected January 23, 1817.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
North Carolina James Turner Democratic-Republican 1804
1810		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health.
New senator elected December 4, 1816 on the second ballot.
Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Rhode Island Jeremiah Howell Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected June 21, 1816.[18]
Federalist gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
South Carolina John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1810 (Special)
1810		 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 1816.
New senator elected December 4, 1816.
Winner was also elected to the previous term, see above.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Tennessee John Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Incumbent was then appointed to start the term.
Democratic-Republican loss.		 None.
Virginia Armistead T. Mason Democratic-Republican 1816 (Special) Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election, but he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives.
New senator elected December 9, 1816.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Elections during the next Congress

In three special elections and two general elections, the winners were elected in 1817 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Hampshire
(Class 3)		 Jeremiah Mason Federalist 1813 (Special) Incumbent resigned June 16, 1817.
New senator elected June 27, 1817 on the thirteenth ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Tennessee
(Class 2)		 John Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 (Special) Legislature had failed to elect and the incumbent was then appointed to start the term.
Interim appointee was re-elected October 2, 1817 to finish the term.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Vermont
(Class 3)		 Dudley Chase Democratic-Republican 1812 Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Resgined November 3, 1817.
New senator elected November 4, 1817.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Mississippi
(Class 1)		 New state Mississippi was admitted as a new state.
New senator elected December 10, 1817 on the fifth ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Mississippi
(Class 2)		 New state Mississippi was admitted as a new state.
New senator elected December 10, 1817 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Delaware

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See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

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Georgia

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See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Georgia (Regular)

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Georgia (Special)

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Indiana

Indiana's senators
James Noble (DR)
(Class 1)
Waller Taylor (DR)
(Class 3)

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See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

The new state of Indiana elected its first two senators, both Democratic-Republicans, James Noble and Waller Taylor. The election was held November 8, 1816 in advance of Indiana's December 11, 1816 admission as a state. In the election legislators cast a single ballot and the first and second place candidates were deemed elected.

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Kentucky

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See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Kentucky (Regular)

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Kentucky (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

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Louisiana

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See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

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Maryland (Special)

Maryland (Special, January 1816)

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See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

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1816 United States Senate special election in Maryland
← 1808 January 27, 1816 1816 →
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
  File:Robert Goodloe Harper (1765-1825).jpg
Candidate Robert Goodloe Harper John Thomson Mason
Party Federalist
Legislative vote 45 44
Percentage 50.56% 49.44%

Robert Goodloe Harper won election over John Thomson Mason by a margin of 1.12%, or 1 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[25]

Maryland (Special, December 1816)

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See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

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1816 United States Senate special election in Maryland
← 1816 January 27, 1816 1819 →
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
  Alexanderhanson.jpg
Candidate Alexander Contee Hanson William Winder
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote 46 39
Percentage 54.12% 45.88%

Robert Goodloe Harper won election over John Thomson Mason by a margin of 1.12%, or 1 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[26]

Massachusetts

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See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Massachusetts (Regular)

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Massachusetts (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

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Mississippi

Mississippi's senators
Walter Leake (DR)
(Class 1)
Thomas H. Williams (DR)
(Class 2)

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See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

The new state of Mississippi elected its first two senators, both Democratic-Republicans, Walter Leake and Thomas H. Williams. Two separate elections were held in which each senator was elected.

First Senator (Class 1)
(5th ballot, date and previous ballots unknown)

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Second Senator (Class 2)
(4th ballot, date and previous ballots unknown)

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New Hampshire

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See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Hampshire (Regular)

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New Hampshire (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

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North Carolina

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See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

North Carolina (Regular)

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North Carolina (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

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Rhode Island

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See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

South Carolina (Regular)

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South Carolina (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

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Tennessee

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See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Tennessee (Regular)

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Tennessee (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

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Vermont (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

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Virginia

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See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

Virginia (Regular)

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Virginia (Special)

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See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

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See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Appointee elected
  2. ↑ "An unfortunate disagreement among some of the members of the House, with regard to a candidate for Senator to Congress, was the occasion of several ballotings before a choice could be made. The Hon. CLEMENT STORER, was however, elected by the unanimous voice of the Republican members of the Senate, which vote was concurred by the House, on Thursday, by a plurality of eleven votes."[21]
  3. ↑ "The ballotings for a Senator to Congress, (after 13 trials, in which 33 persons were voted for) resulted in the choice of the Hon. CLEMENT STORER, by a majority of 8 or 10." Farmer's Cabinet (Amherst, NH). July 5, 1817.[21]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Byrd, page 110.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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