United States Senate elections, 1870 and 1871

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United States Senate elections, 1870 and 1871
← 1868 / 1869 Various dates 1872 / 1873 →
25 of the 74 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
37 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 57 seats 9 seats
Seats before 63 11
Seats won 17 7
Seats after 58 14
Seat change Decrease 4 Increase 3
Seats up 21 4
Majority Party before election

Republican Party

 Elected Majority Party

Republican Party

In the United States Senate elections of 1870 and 1871, the Republican Party lost five seats in the United States Senate, though it still retained an overwhelming majority. In advance of these elections, the last four seceded states were readmitted to the Senate.

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen or elected by State legislatures.

Reconstruction

That election marked the first time that, with Mississippian Hiram Rhodes Revels, an African American was elected as a US senator and became a member of Congress.[1]

In Georgia, Foster Blodgett was elected and presented his credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.

In Virginia, Republican John F. Lewis and Democrat John W. Johnston were elected on January 26, 1870 to fill seats that had been vacant since 1864 and 1865.

Results

Senate Party Division, 42nd Congress (1871–1873)

  • Majority Party: Republican (55)
  • Minority Party: Democratic (14)
  • Other Parties: Liberal Republican (1)
  • Vacant: (4)
  • Total Seats: 74

Change in Senate composition

By March 30, 1870

After the readmission of Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi, and the special elections in Iowa and Maine.

D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 V1
D7 D8 D9 D10
Gain
Readmitted		 R62
Gain
Readmitted		 R61
Gain
Readmitted		 R60
Gain
Special		 R59
Gain
Readmitted		 R58
Gain
Readmitted		 R57
Gain
Readmitted
R47 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56
Appointee elected
R46 R45 R44 R43 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38 R37
Majority → R36
R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35
R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18 R17
R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16
R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 V2

Before the elections

Including the February 1871 readmission of Georgia.

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D8
Ran		 D9
Ran		 D10
Unknown		 D11
Unknown		 R63
Retired		 R62
Retired		 R61
Retired		 R60
Retired		 R59
Retired		 R58
Unknown
R48
Ran		 R49
Ran		 R50
Ran		 R51
Ran		 R52
Ran		 R53
Ran		 R54
Ran		 R55
Unknown		 R56
Unknown		 R57
Unknown
R47
Ran		 R46
Ran		 R45
Ran		 R44
Ran		 R43
Ran		 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38
Majority → R37
R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36
R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18
R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17
R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

Result of the elections

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D8
Hold		 D9
Hold		 D10
Hold		 D11
Gain		 D12
Gain		 D13
Gain		 D14
Gain		 V1
D Loss		 V2
R Loss		 R58
Hold
R48
Re-elected		 R49
Hold		 R50
Hold		 R51
Hold		 R52
Hold		 R53
Hold		 R54
Hold		 R55
Hold		 R56
Hold		 R57
Hold
R47
Re-elected		 R46
Re-elected		 R45
Re-elected		 R44
Re-elected		 R43
Re-elected		 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38
Majority → R37
R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36
R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18
R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17
R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

Beginning of the next Congress

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14
Gain		 V1
D Loss		 V2 V3
R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 LR1
Change		 V4
R Loss
R47 R46 R45 R44 R43 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38
Majority → R37
R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36
R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18
R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17
R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Key:
D# Democratic
LR# Liberal Republican
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 41st Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1870 or in 1871 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Iowa
(Class 2)		 James W. Grimes Republican 1858
1864		 Incumbent resigned December 6, 1869 due to ill health.
State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected January 18, 1870.[2]
Winner did not seek election to the next term.		 √ James B. Howell (Republican)
John T. Stoneman
Maine
(Class 2)		 Lot M. Morrill Republican 1861 (Special)
1863
1869 (Lost)
1869 (Appointed)		 Interim appointee elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.		 √ Lot M. Morrill (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia
(Class 1)		 Vacant since January 2, 1864 when Joseph Segar (U) was not seated.[3] State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected January 26, 1870.
Republican gain.		 √ John F. Lewis (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia
(Class 2)		 Vacant since March 4, 1865 when John Curtiss Underwood (U) was not seated.[4] State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected January 26, 1870.
Democratic gain.
Winner was also elected late to the next term, see below.		 √ John W. Johnston (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas
(Class 2)		 Vacant since July 11, 1861 when John Hemphill (D) was expelled. State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected February 22, 1870.[5]
Allowed to take office when state readmitted on March 30, 1870.
Republican gain.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.		 √ Morgan C. Hamilton (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi
(Class 1)		 Vacant since January 21, 1861 when Jefferson Davis (D) resigned State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected February 23, 1870.
Republican gain.		 √ Adelbert Ames (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi
(Class 2)		 Vacant since January 12, 1861 when Albert G. Brown (D) withdrew. State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected February 23, 1870.
Republican gain.
Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired, see below.		 √ Hiram Rhodes Revels (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas
(Class 1)		 Vacant since March 23, 1861 when Louis Wigfall (D) withdrew. State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected March 30, 1870.
Republican gain.		 √ James W. Flanagan (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Missouri
(Class 3)		 Daniel T. Jewett Republican 1870 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 20, 1871 to finish the term.
Democratic gain.		 √ Francis Preston Blair, Jr. (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Minnesota
(Class 2)		 William Windom Republican 1865 Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term.
Winner elected January 22, 1871 to finish the term.
Republican hold.
Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.
Instead, interim appointee was elected to the next term, see below.		 √ Ozora P. Stearns (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia
(Class 3)		 Vacant since January 28, 1861 when Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D) withdrew. State readmitted to the Union.
Winner had been elected in 1867, but not seated until readmission.
Winner finally seated February 1, 1871.
Republican gain.		 √ Joshua Hill (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia
(Class 2)		 Vacant since February 4, 1861 when Robert Toombs (D) withdrew. State readmitted to the Union.
Winner elected February 24, 1871.
Democratic gain.
Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired, see below.		 √ Homer V.M. Miller (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 42nd Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1871; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama Willard Warner Republican 1868 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1870.
Democratic gain.		 √ George Goldthwaite (Democratic)
Willard Warner (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas Alexander McDonald Republican 1868 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1870.
Republican hold.		 √ Powell Clayton (Republican)
Alexander McDonald (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware Willard Saulsbury, Sr. Democratic 1858
1864		 Incumbent lost re-election to his holder brother.
Winner elected in 1870.
Democratic hold.		 √ Eli M. Saulsbury (Democratic)
Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia Homer V. M. Miller Democratic 1871 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1876 or 1877.
Democratic hold.
Senate later refused to seat Senator-elect Foster Blodgett.		 √ Foster Blodgett
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois Richard Yates Republican 1864 or 1865 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1870 or 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ John A. Logan (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Iowa James B. Howell Republican 1870 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected January 18, 1870.[2]
Republican hold.		 √ George G. Wright (Republican)
Thomas W. Claggett (Democratic)
Louisiana John S. Harris Republican 1868 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1870 or 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ Joseph R. West (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kansas Edmund G. Ross Republican 1866 (Appointed)
1867 (Special)		 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ Alexander Caldwell (Republican)
Edmund G. Ross (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky Thomas C. McCreery Democratic 1868 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1871.
Democratic hold.		 √ John W. Stevenson (Democratic)
Thomas C. McCreery (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine Lot M. Morrill Republican 1861 (Special)
1863
1869 (Lost)
1869 (Appointed)
1870 (Special)		 Incumbent re-elected in 1870 or 1871. √ Lot M. Morrill (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts Henry Wilson Republican 1855 (Special)
1859
1865		 Incumbent re-elected in 1871. √ Henry Wilson (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan Jacob M. Howard Republican 1862 (Special)
1865		 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected January 18, 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ Thomas W. Ferry (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Minnesota Ozora P. Stearns Republican 1871 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in January 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ William Windom (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi Hiram Rhodes Revels Republican 1870 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected January 18, 1870.
Republican hold.		 √ James L. Alcorn (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska John M. Thayer Republican 1867 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1870.
Republican hold.		 √ Phineas Hitchcock (Republican)
John M. Thayer (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire Aaron H. Cragin Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected in 1870. √ Aaron H. Cragin (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey Alexander G. Cattell Republican 1866 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1870 or 1871.
Republican hold.		 √ Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina Joseph Abbott Republican 1868 (Special) Incumbent lost renomination.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.
Seat remained vacant until January 30, 1872.		 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Oregon George H. Williams Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1870.
Democratic gain.		 √ James K. Kelly (Democratic)
George H. Williams (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island Henry B. Anthony Republican 1858
1864		 Incumbent re-elected in 1870. √ Henry B. Anthony (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina Thomas J. Robertson Republican 1868 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1870. √ Thomas J. Robertson (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee Joseph S. Fowler Republican 1866 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1870 or 1871.
Democratic gain.		 √ Henry Cooper (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas Morgan C. Hamilton Republican 1870 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1870. √ Morgan C. Hamilton (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia John W. Johnston Democratic 1870 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat remained vacant until March 15, 1871.		 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
West Virginia Waitman T. Willey Republican 1863
1865		 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1871.
Democratic gain.		 √ Henry G. Davis (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Elections during the 42nd Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1871 after March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Virginia
(Class 2)		 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871.
Democratic gain.		 √ John W. Johnston (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia
(Class 2)		 Vacant Foster Blodgett had presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.
Winner elected November 14, 1871.
Democratic gain.		 √ Thomas M. Norwood (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Segar was not seated on the premise that the Union-friendly legislature was illegitimate despite having seated his predecessor based credentials from the same legislature. In reality, the Senate refused because it did not want to set a precedent for easing reentry of Confederate states. See Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000115

External links

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