United States Senate elections, 1832 and 1833

The United States Senate elections of 1832 and 1833 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition assume control of the United States Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the presidential election.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were elected by State legislatures.

Results

23rd Congress (1833–1835)

• Majority Party: Anti-Jackson (26)
• Minority Party: Jacksonian (20)
• Other Parties: Nullifier (2)
• Total Seats: 48

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.

						AJ1	AJ2	AJ3	AJ4
AJ14	AJ13	AJ12	AJ11	AJ10	AJ9	AJ8	AJ7	AJ6	AJ5
AJ15	AJ16 Ran	AJ17 Ran	AJ18 Ran	AJ19 Ran	AJ20 Unknown	AJ21 Retired	AJ22 Retired	N1	N2
Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) →									J24 Retired
J15	J16 Ran	J17 Ran	J18 Ran	J19 Ran	J20 Ran	J21 Unknown	J22 Unknown	J23 Retired
J14	J13	J12	J11	J10	J9	J8	J7	J6	J5
						J1	J2	J3	J4

As a result of the elections

AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4 AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5 AJ15 AJ16 Re-elected AJ17 Re-elected AJ18 Re-elected AJ19 Hold AJ20 Hold AJ21 Gain AJ22 Gain AJ23* Gain N1 Plurality ↑ N2 J15 J16 Re-elected J17 Re-elected J18 Re-elected J19 Hold J20 Hold J21 Gain J22 Gain V1* Loss J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4

Notes: AJ23 (Virginia class 1 seat): John Tyler (J) was re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian. V1 (Mississippi class 1 seat): Legislature failed to elect.

At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833

AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4 AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5 AJ15 AJ16 AJ17 AJ18 AJ19 AJ20 AJ21 AJ22 AJ23 AJ24* Gain Majority → AJ25* Gain J15 J16 J17 J18 J19 J20 N2* Hold N1 AJ26* Gain J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J1 J2 J3 J4

Notes: AJ24 (Alabama class 3 seat): Gabriel Moore, who was not up for election this cycle, changed from Jacksoninan to Anti-Jacksonian. AJ25 (North Carolina class 3 seat): Willie P. Mangum, who was not up for election this cycle, changed from Jacksoninan to Anti-Jacksonian. AJ26 (Mississippi class 1 seat): Legislature had previously failed to elect, and the incumbent Jacksonian appointee was elected November 22, 1833 as an Anti-Jacksonian. N2 (South Carolina class 3 seat): Stephen D. Miller (N) resigned March 2, 1833, and William C. Preston (N) was elected November 26, 1833.

Key:	AJ# = Anti-Jacksonian J# = Jacksonian N# = Nullfier V# = Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 22nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Indiana (Class 1)	Robert Hanna	Anti-Jacksonian	1831 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Successor elected January 3, 1832. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain.	√ John Tipton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 2)	Littleton Waller Tazewell	Jacksonian	1824 (Special) 1829 (Re-elected)	Resigned July 16, 1832. Successor elected December 10, 1832. Jacksonian hold.	√ William C. Rives (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Robert Y. Hayne	Nullifier	1822 (Elected) 1828 (Re-elected)	Resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. Successor elected December 29, 1832. Nullifier hold.	√ John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York (Class 3)	William L. Marcy	Jacksonian	1831 (Elected)	Resigned January 1, 1833 to become Governor of New York. Successor elected January 4, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ Silas Wright (Jacksonian) John C. Spencer (Anti-Masonic) James Burt Gerrit Smith James Kent Albert Gallatin Gideon Hawley John Birdsall (Anti-Masonic) Myron Holley William Thompson Albert H. Tracy (Anti-Masonic) Samuel A. Foot

Races leading to the 23rd Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Connecticut	Samuel A. Foot	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Elected)	Incumbent lost re-election, and was then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives instead. Winner elected in 1832. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Nathan Smith (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Arnold Naudain	Anti-Jacksonian	1830 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	√ Arnold Naudain (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana	John Tipton	Jacksonian	1832 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	√ John Tipton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	John Holmes	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 (short term) 1820 (long term) 1826 (Retired or lost) 1829 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1832 or 1833. Jacksonian gain	√ Ether Shepley (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	Samuel Smith	Jacksonian	1803 (Elected) 1809 (Re-elected) 1815 (Lost) 1822 (Special) 1827 (Re-elected)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain	√ Joseph Kent (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Daniel Webster	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Daniel Webster (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	John Black	Jacksonian	1832 (Appointed)	Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. Incumbent would later be elected as an Anti-Jacksonian, see below.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Missouri	Thomas H. Benton	Jacksonian	1821 (Elected) 1827 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Thomas H. Benton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Mahlon Dickerson	Jacksonian	1817 (Elected, class 2) 1823 (Re-elected, class 2) 1829 (Resigned, class 2) 1829 (Special, class 1)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Samuel L. Southard (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York	Charles E. Dudley	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (Jacksonian) Francis Granger (Anti-Masonic & Anti-Jacksonian) Benjamin Butler (Jacksonian)
Ohio	Benjamin Ruggles	Anti-Jacksonian	1815 (Elected) 1821 (Re-elected) 1827 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1833. Jacksonian gain.	√ Thomas Morris (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	George M. Dallas	Jacksonian	1831 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1832. Jacksonian hold.	√ Samuel McKean (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Asher Robbins	Anti-Jacksonian	1825 (Special) 1827 (Re-elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Asher Robbins (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Felix Grundy	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont	Horatio Seymour	Anti-Jacksonian	1821 (Elected) 1827 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired to run for Vermont Governor. Winner elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Benjamin Swift (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	John Tyler	Jacksonian	1827 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ John Tyler (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 23rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Georgia (Class 3)	George Troup	Jacksonian	1828 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor elected November 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi (Class 1)	John Black	Nullifier	1832 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833. Incumbent appointee was then elected November 22, 1833.	√ John Black (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Stephen D. Miller	Nullifier	1830 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health. Successor elected November 26, 1833. Nullifier hold.	√ William C. Preston (Nullifer) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana (Class 3)	Josiah S. Johnston	Anti-Jacksonian	1824 (Appointed) 1825 (Elected) 1831 (Re-elected)	Incumbent died May 19, 1833. Successor elected December 19, 1833. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Alexander Porter (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Complete list of races

New York

Class 1

Main article: United States Senate election in New York, 1833

For the general election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.

1833 United States Senator election result

Office	House	Jacksonian Democrat		Anti-Mason/National Republican		Jacksonian Democrat
U.S. Senator	State Senate (32 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	18	Francis Granger	6	Benjamin F. Butler	2
	State Assembly (128 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	69	Francis Granger	25	Benjamin F. Butler	12

Class 3 (Special)

Main article: United States Senate special election in New York, 1833

William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the other seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833. Silas Wright, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

1833 United States Senate special election result

Office	Candidate	Party	Senate (32 members)	Assembly (128 members)
U.S. Senator	Silas Wright, Jr.	Jacksonian	24	99
	John C. Spencer	Anti-Mason	3	8
	James Burt		1	2
	Gerrit Smith		1	1
	James Kent			4
	Albert Gallatin			3
	Gideon Hawley			3
	John Birdsall	Anti-Mason		1
	Myron Holley			1
	William Thompson			1
	Albert H. Tracy	Anti-Mason		1
	Samuel A. Foot			1

See also

• United States presidential election, 1832
• United States House of Representatives elections, 1832
• 23rd United States Congress

References

• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
• The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 129 for State Senators 1833; pg. 213f for Members of Assembly 1833)
• Members of the 23rd United States Congress
• History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, Vol. II by Jabez Delano Hammond (State election, 1832: pg. 424; Speaker election, 1833: pg. 430; U.S. Senate election, 1833: pg. 432f)