Tom Mix filmography
Tom Mix (1880–1940) was an American motion picture actor, director, and writer whose career spanned from 1910 until 1935.[1] During this time he appeared in 270 films and established himself as the screen's most popular cowboy star.[2] Mix's flair for showmanship set the standard for later cowboy heroes such as Gene Autry and Roy Rogers. His horse Tony also became a celebrity who received his own fan mail.[3]
Born in Pennsylvania, Mix served in the United States Army before moving to the Oklahoma Territory in 1902. Three years later, after working as a physical fitness instructor, bartender, and peace officer, he was hired as a full-time cowboy for the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch.[4] Soon after, Mix established himself as the star attraction of the Millers' Wild West Show. In early 1910 Mix agreed to work as an actor and wrangler for the Selig Polyscope Company.[5][6] Mix alternated between working in films and in Wild West Shows until 1913 when he went into the film business full-time.[7] The following year he established his own production unit and became a director and writer as well as an actor. His films for Selig were usually one and two-reel shorts that initially emphasized humour in the tradition of Will Rogers but eventually moved into action-oriented stories that displayed Mix's riding and stunting prowess.[2]
In 1917 Mix left Selig and signed a contract with the Fox Film Corporation.[8] His earliest films for them were two-reel shorts but within a year he switched to features. During his peak period in the 1920s Mix appeared in action-packed westerns filled with fights and chases and often photographed to show him doing his own stunt work.[9] His films were also known for their location work in places such as the Arizona's Grand Canyon and the Colorado's Royal Gorge.[10] Among the notable directors that he worked with during this time were John Ford, Sidney Franklin, Jack Conway, George Marshall, and Roy William Neill. His leading ladies included Colleen Moore, Esther Ralston, Laura La Plante, Billie Dove and Clara Bow. In 1928, after eleven years and 86 films with Fox, Mix moved to FBO Pictures for a series of five films. With the coming of sound, Mix abandoned his film career and returned to working in Wild West shows. He came back to films in 1932 for a series of nine sound features for Universal. In 1935, he appeared in his final film, a 15-chapter serial for Mascot Pictures. Mix died in an automobile accident in Arizona five years later.
On February 8, 1960, Mix was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[11] In 1998 Mix's film Sky High was added to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.[12]
Contents
Selig Polyscope Company
Most of the films that Mix made for Selig are now lost. Those that are known to survive are listed in the notes section.
1910
In 1910, Will A. Dickey, owner of the Circle D Ranch Wild West Show and Indian Congress, signed a deal to provide stock and wranglers for the Selig motion picture company. Dickey had seen Mix perform with the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show and asked him if he would be interested in appearing in films. Mix agreed and soon after joined the Selig unit in Flemington, Missouri.[13] Mix's earliest films were made as part of one of Selig's travelling units. Location work for these films were done in Missouri and Oklahoma while at least one film was made in Chicago.[14] Otis Skinner, the director of these films, was impressed with Mix's screen image and wanted to keep him working as a film actor. Mix, however, was not interested in remaining in films and signed with Zack Mulhall's Wild West Show to help organize the Appalachian Exposition in Knoxville, Tennessee, which was scheduled to run in October and November.[15] After this Mix rejoined the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Show.[16]
All of Mix's 1910 films are one-reel shorts.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
June 2, 1910 | Trimming of Paradise Gulch | One of the Paradise Gulch Cowboys | Directed by Otis Turner | [17] |
June 9, 1910 | The Range Riders | Unknown role | Directed by Otis Turner; featuring Myrtle Stedman | [17] |
July 4, 1910 | Go West, Young Woman, Go West | Unknown role | [18] | |
July 7, 1910 | The Way of the Red Man | Unknown role | [18] | |
July 28, 1910 | The Cowboy's Stratagem | Unknown role | [18] | |
August 9, 1910 | Ranch Life in the Great South-West | Unknown role | [18] | |
1910 | [Unknown film] | Unknown role | According to Mix's wife Olive, she and her husband appeared in a dramatic film whose title has not been determined. Also according to her the cast featured Margarita Fischer and Wallace Reid | [19] |
October 10, 1910 | Two Boys in Blue | Unknown role | [19] |
1911
In the spring of 1911 Mix left the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Show and resumed his career as an actor with the Selig Polyscope Company.[16]
All of Mix's 1911 films are one-reel shorts.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
May 11, 1911 | Back to the Primitive | Unknown role | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars Kathlyn Williams | [19] |
June 1, 1911 | The Rose of Old St. Augustine | Black Hawk, a Seminole Indian | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars Kathlyn Williams | [20] |
July 13, 1911 | Captain Kate | The good native | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars Kathlyn Williams | [20] |
July 29, 1911 | Saved by the Pony Express | The Pony Express rider | Prints survive | [21][22] |
August 28, 1911 | Life on the Border | Indian chief | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars Kathlyn Williams | [22] |
September 12, 1911 | Dad's Girls | Tom Rolston, the gambler | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars Kathlyn Williams and Oliver Stokes | [23] |
October 10, 1911 | Told in Colorado | Bill Higgins, a miner | Co-stars William Duncan and Myrtle Stedman | [23] |
October 24, 1911 | Why the Sheriff Is a Bachelor | Joe Davis, the sheriff | Co-stars William Duncan and Myrtle Stedman | [23] |
November 4, 1911 | Western Hearts | Sheriff Long | [24] | |
November 25, 1911 | The Tell-Tale Knife | Tom Mason, a rustler | Directed by William Duncan; co-stars Duncan and Myrtle Stedman | [24] |
December 12, 1911 | A Romance of the Rio Grande | Tom Wilson, a Texas Ranger | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars William Duncan and Myrtle Stedman | [24] |
December 26, 1911 | The Bully of Bingo Gulch | Pop Lynd, owner of the Bingo Gulch Ranch | Directed by Otis Turner; co-stars William Duncan and Myrtle Stedman | [25] |
1912
Early in 1912 Mix left the film industry and joined Guy Weadick, one of his former 101 ranch associates, to stage the first Calgary Stampede in Alberta, Canada. After this Mix toured Canada with the Buffalo Ranch Wild West Show. Following the show's closure Mix returned to Dewey, Oklahoma and accepted the position of night marshal.[26]
All of Mix's 1912 films are one-reel shorts directed by Otis Turner.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
January 16, 1912 | A Cowboy's Best Girl | Bull Stokes, a rough cowboy | Co-stars William Duncan, Myrtle Stedman, and Olive Stokes | [25] |
January 30, 1912 | The Scapegoat | Tom Mason, the scapegoat | Co-stars William Duncan, Myrtle Stedman, and Olive Stokes | [25] |
February 29, 1912 | The 'Diamond S' Ranch | Unknown role | Co-stars Olive Stokes | [27] |
1913
In January 1913 Mix accepted an offer from Selig to return to acting in films as part of a production unit in Prescott, Arizona, until the supervision of actor-director William Duncan. During his time with this unit Duncan persuaded Mix to write some of the scenarios.
[28]
All of Mix's 1913 films where directed by Duncan and, except where noted, are one-reel shorts. The majority of these films co-starred Myrtle Stedman and Lester Cuneo.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
March 12, 1913 | Juggling with Fate | Andrews, the marshall / Morgan, the outlaw | Mix as a marshall who also works as a masked bandit | [27] |
March 19, 1913 | The Sheriff of Yavapai County | "Apache Frank", a crooked gambler | [29] | |
March 26, 1913 | The Life Timer | Sheriff | Half-reel | [29] |
April 9, 1913 | The Shotgun Man and the Stage Driver | The Stage Driver | [29] | |
April 28, 1913 | The Mail Order Suit | Slim | [30] | |
May 19, 1913 | His Father's Deputy | Tom Carter, the sheriff | [30] | |
May 26, 1913 | Religion and Gun Practice | Kill Kullen | [30] | |
June 4, 1913 | The Law and the Outlaw | "Dakota" Wilson | Two reels; scenario by Mix and J. Edward Hungerford | [31] |
June 17, 1913 | Taming a Tenderfoot | Bud Morris | [31] | |
June 24, 1913 | The Marshall's Capture | The half-breed | [32] | |
July 4, 1913 | Sallie's Sure Shot | "Injun" Sam | [32] | |
July 10, 1913 | Made a Coward | Pete | [32] | |
July 14, 1913 | The Only Chance | Engineer | [33] | |
July 30, 1913 | The Taming of Texas Pete | The half-breed | [33] | |
August 7, 1913 | The Stolen Moccasins | Swift-foot | [33] | |
August 14, 1913 | An Apache's Gratitude | Tonto | [33] | |
August 22, 1913 | The Good Indian | The Indian | [34] | |
August 27, 1913 | How Betty Made Good | The foreman | [34] | |
September 4, 1913 | Howlin' Jones | Robledo | [34] | |
September 19, 1913 | The Rejected Lover's Luck | The Indian | [35] | |
October 1, 1913 | The Cattle Thief's Escape | Pete Becker, the half-breed | Half-reel | [35] |
October 9, 1913 | Saved from the Vigilantes | Square Beasley | [36] | |
October 14, 1913 | The Silver Grindstone | Saloon keeper | [37] | |
October 21, 1913 | Dishwash Dick's Counterfeit | The rustler | Half-reel | [37] |
October 29, 1913 | A Muddle in Horse Thieves | The horse thief | Half-reel | [38] |
November 7, 1913 | The Schoolmarm's Shooting Match | Gray | Half-reel | [38] |
November 13, 1913 | The Child of the Prairies | Fred Watson | Two reels; scenario by Mix | [38] |
November 17, 1913 | The Escape of Jim Dolan | Jim Dolan | Two reels; scenario by Mix | [39] |
November 13, 1913 | The Sheriff and the Rustler | The rustler | Two reels; scenario by Mix | [40] |
November 26, 1913 | Cupid in the Cow Camp | Bud Reynolds | [41] | |
December 11, 1913 | Physical Culture on the Quarter Circle V Bar | Williams | [41] | |
December 17, 1913 | Buster's Little Game | Pete Wilson | [41] | |
December 23, 1913 | Mother Love vs. Gold | Pete Jackson | [42] |
1914
The last films that Mix made with William Duncan were released in early 1914. By that time Mix had been reassigned work with Colin Campbell, one of Selig's top directors, to appear in films produced in Truckee, California. These films were largely two or three reels in length and were attracted more attention than Selig's average releases.[43] Later in 1914 Selig gave Mix his own unit which allowed him to write, direct, and star in films made in Glendale, California.[44]
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
January 7, 1914 | By Unseen Hand | Chief Jackson | One reel; directed by William Duncan | [42] |
January 22, 1914 | A Friend in Need | The foreman | One reel; written and directed by William Duncan | [45] |
February 5, 1914 | The Little Sister | A prospector | One reel; directed by William Duncan | [45] |
June 28, 1914 | In Defiance of the Law | Corporal Nome | Three reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton; based on a novel by James Oliver Curwood | [45][46] |
July 13, 1914 | The Wilderness Mail | The outlaw | Two reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton; story by James Oliver Curwood | [47] |
July 31, 1914 | When the Cook Fell Ill | Chip | One reel; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman | [48] |
August 13, 1914 | Etienne of the Glad Heart | Peter | Two reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton | [49] |
August 24, 1914 | The White Mouse | Sergeant Brokaw | Two reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton; story by James Oliver Curwood | [50] |
August 29, 1914 | Chip of the Flying U | Chip | Three reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Kathlyn Williams and Wheeler Oakman | [50] |
September 7, 1914 | When the West Was Young | Indian chief | Two reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton | [50] |
September 28, 1914 | The Going of the White Swan | Unknown role | Two reels; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Wheeler Oakman and Bessie Eyton | [51] |
September 29, 1914 | The Real Thing in Cowboys | Wallace Carey | One reel; directed by Mix | [51] |
October 5, 1914 | The Moving Picture Cowboy | Luke Barnes | Two reels; co-stars Lester Cuneo; written and directed by Mix | [51] |
October 6, 1914 | The Way of the Redman | The Redman | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; written and directed by Mix | [51] |
October 13, 1914 | The Mexican | The Mexican | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; directed by Mix | [52] |
October 24, 1914 | Jimmy Hayes and Muriel | Jimmy Hayes | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; directed by Mix | [53] |
October 27, 1914 | Why the Sheriff Is a Bachelor | The Sheriff | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; written and directed by Mix | [53] |
November 3, 1914 | The Tell-Tale Knife | Tom Mason | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney and Hoot Gibson; written and directed by Mix | [53] |
November 10, 1914 | The Ranger's Romance | Ranger | One reel; written and directed by Mix | [53] |
November 17, 1914 | The Sheriff's Reward | The Sheriff | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; written and directed by Mix | [53] |
November 24, 1914 | The Scapegoat | Tom Jackson, the scapegoat | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; written and directed by Mix | [54] |
November 30, 1914 | In the Days of the Thundering Herd | Tom Mingle | Five reels; Mix's first feature; directed by Colin Campbell; co-stars Bessie Eyton and Wheeler Oakman; possibly made before Mix started working for his own unit; survives complete: AFA / LC / GEH | [55][56] |
December 1, 1914 | The Rival Stage Lines | Harding Martin | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; directed by Mix | [54] |
December 8, 1914 | Saved by a Watch | Tom | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; written and directed by Mix | [57] |
December 15, 1914 | The Man from the East | Tom Bates | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney and Hoot Gibson; written and directed by Mix | [57] |
December 29, 1914 | Cactus Jake, Heart-Breaker | Bill | One reel; co-stars Leo Maloney; directed by Mix | [57] |
1915
Mix returned to Arizona in 1915. The Selig Company began to experience a decline in their profits around this time, due in part to World War I cutting off their foreign market. As a result, Selig began trimming their production schedule.[58]
All films were directed by Mix and, except where noted, are one-reel shorts.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
January 5, 1915 | A Militant Schoolma'am | N/A | Stars Leo Maloney; Mix directed but does not appear | [57] |
January 12, 1915 | Harold's Bad Man | Unknown role | [59] | |
January 19, 1915 | Cactus Jim's Shop Girl | Cactus Jim | Prints survive | [59][60] |
January 26, 1915 | The Grizzly Gulch Chariot Race | Unknown role | [59] | |
January 2, 1915 | Forked Trails | Unknown role | [61] | |
January 9, 1915 | Roping a Bride | Unknown role | Prints survive | [61] |
February 16, 1915 | Bill Haywood, Producer | Bill Haywood | [61] | |
February 23, 1915 | Slim Higgins | "Slim" Higgins | Written by Mix | [61] |
March 1, 1915 | A Child of the Prairie | Tom Martin | Two reels; written by Mix | [62] |
March 2, 1915 | The Man from Texas | The Man from Texas | Prints survive; written by Mix | [60][62] |
March 9, 1915 | The Stagecoach Driver and the Girl | Tom, the stage-coach driver | Written by Mix | [62] |
March 16, 1915 | Sage-Brush Tom | Sage Brush Tom | Prints survive; written by Mix | [60][63] |
March 23, 1915 | The Outlaw's Bride | Richard Sharpe | [63] | |
March 29, 1915 | Ma's Girls | The Gambler | Two reels; written by Mix | [63] |
March 30, 1915 | The Legal Light | Pete | Written by Mix | [64] |
April 6, 1915 | Getting a Start in Life | Tom | Story by James Oliver Curwood | [64] |
April 13, 1915 | Mrs. Murphy's Cooks | Buck Martin | Written by Mix | [64] |
April 20, 1915 | The Conversion of Smiling Tom | Smiling Tom | Co-stars Eugenie Forde | [65] |
May 4, 1915 | An Arizona Wooing | Tom Warner | Story by William MacLeod Raine; survives: UCLA | [66] |
May 14, 1915 | The Matrimonial Boomerang | Tom Champion | [65] | |
June 8, 1915 | Saved by Her Horse | Tom Golden | [67] | |
June 10, 1915 | Pals in Blue | Tom | Three reels; co-stars Eugenie Forde | [68] |
June 15, 1915 | The Heart of the Sheriff | Sheriff Martin | Written by Mix | [68] |
June 22, 1915 | With the Aid of the Law | Lee Russell | [68] | |
July 20, 1915 | Foreman of Bar Z Ranch | Tom Wallace | [69] | |
July 27, 1915 | The Child, the Dog, and the Villain | N/A | Stars Leo Maloney; Mix directed but does not appear | [70] |
August 3, 1915 | The Taking of Mustang Pete | N/A | Stars Leo Maloney; Mix directed but does not appear | [70] |
August 10, 1915 | The Gold Dust and the Squaw | N/A | Stars Leo Maloney; Mix directed but does not appear | [70] |
August 21, 1915 | A Lucky Deal | N/A | Stars Leo Maloney; Mix wrote and directed but does not appear | [71] |
September 7, 1915 | Never Again | Unknown role | Co-stars Leo Maloney and Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [71] |
September 14, 1915 | Weary Goes A-Wooing | Weary | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [71] |
September 21, 1915 | The Range Girl and the Cowboy | Tom | Co-stars Leo Maloney and Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [71] |
September 25, 1915 | The Auction Sale of Run-Down Ranch | Tom Hickey | Co-stars Leo Maloney and Victoria Forde; prints survive | [60][72] |
September 28, 1915 | Her Slight Mistake | Bill | Co-stars Leo Maloney | [72] |
October 5, 1915 | The Girl and the Mail Bag | Tom Chester | Co-stars Leo Maloney and Victoria Forde | [72] |
October 12, 1915 | The Foreman's Choice | Tom Hickson | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [73] |
October 18, 1915 | The Brave Deserve the Fair | Tom Martin | Two reels; co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [73] |
November 19, 1915 | The Stagecoach Guard | Unknown role | Written by Mix | [73] |
October 26, 1915 | The Race for a Gold Mine | Tom Cummins | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [74] |
November 2, 1915 | Athletic Ambitions | The Wild Man | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [74] |
November 9, 1915 | The Chef at Circle G | The ranch cook | [74] | |
November 16, 1915 | The Tenderfoot's Triumph | Unknown role | [74] | |
November 23, 1915 | The Impersonation of Tom | Unknown role | [75] | |
November 30, 1915 | Bad Man Bobbs | Unknown role | [75] | |
December 14, 1915 | On the Eagle Trail | Tom Merry | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [75] |
1916
In 1916 Mix moved to Las Vegas, New Mexico, which, at the time, was the last remaining open range in the west.[76] In June 1916 he moved again, this time back to Glendale.[77] With pressure from Selig to reduce costs in his unit, Mix began searching for a new producer. By the end of the year he had signed with the Fox Film Corporation.[8]
Except where noted all films were directed by Mix and are one-reel shorts.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
February 5, 1916 | The Desert Calls Its Own | N/A | Stars Victoria Forde; Mix directed but does not appear | [75] |
February 12, 1916 | A Mix-Up in Movies | Tom | Written by Mix | [78] |
February 19, 1916 | Making Good | Tom | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [79] |
February 25, 1916 | Trilby's Love Disaster | N/A | Stars Victoria Forde; Mix wrote and directed but does not appear | [79] |
March 11, 1916 | The Passing of Pete | Pete | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [79] |
April 8, 1916 | Along the Border | Tom Martin | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [80] |
April 22, 1916 | Too Many Chefs! | Tom Forde | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [80] |
May 1, 1916 | The Man Within | Tom Melford | Three reels; co-stars Victoria Forde | [80] |
May 13, 1916 | The Sheriff's Duty | N/A | Mix wrote and directed but does not appear | [81] |
May 27, 1916 | Five Thousand Dollar Elopement | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [81] |
June 3, 1916 | Crooked Trails | Dick Taylor | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [81] |
June 10, 1916 | Going West to Make Good | Tom Gilmore | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [81] |
June 17, 1916 | The Cowpuncher's Peril | Tom Meyers | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [82] |
June 24, 1916 | Taking a Chance | Tom Manton | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [82] |
July 1, 1916 | The Girl of Gold Gulch | Unknown role | [82] | |
July 8, 1916 | Some Duel | Tom | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [82] |
July 15, 1916 | Legal Advice | Unknown role | Survives: UCLA; written by Mix | [66][83] |
July 22, 1916 | Shooting Up the Movies | Tom Travis | Two reels; co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [83] |
July 29, 1916 | Local Color on the A-1 Ranch | Tom | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [83] |
August 5, 1916 | An Angelic Attitude | Tom Miller | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [83] |
August 12, 1916 | A Western Masquerade | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [84] |
August 19, 1916 | A Bear of a Story | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [84] |
August 26, 1916 | Roping a Sweetheart | Tom Walker, a cowpuncher | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [84] |
September 2, 1916 | Tom's Strategy | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [84] |
September 9, 1916 | The Taming of Grouchy Bill | Tom | Prints survive; written by Mix | [60][85] |
September 11, 1916 | The Pony Express Rider | Tom Orbig | Three reels; a remake of Saved by the Pony Express (1911); written by Mix | [85] |
September 23, 1916 | A Corner in Water | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [86] |
September 30, 1916 | The Raiders | Tom Gardner | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [87] |
October 7, 1916 | The Canby Hill Outlaws | Tom Gordon | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [87] |
September 14, 1916 | A Mistake in Rustlers | Tom | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [87] |
October 21, 1916 | An Eventful Evening | Jack Winton | Co-stars Victoria Forde | [88] |
October 28, 1916 | A Close Call | Dick Masters | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [88] |
November 4, 1916 | Tom's Sacrifice | Tom Miller | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [88] |
November 4, 1916 | When Cupid Slipped | N/A | Directed by, written by, and starring Victoria Forde; produced by Mix | [88] |
November 11, 1916 | The Sheriff's Blunder | Unknown role | Two reels; co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [89] |
December 2, 1916 | Mistakes Will Happen | Unknown role | Co-stars Victoria Forde; written by Mix | [89] |
December 11, 1916 | Twisted Trails | Tom Snow | Three reels; co-stars Bessie Eyton; prints survive | [60][89] |
December 25, 1916 | The Golden Thought | Tom Daton | Three reels; co-stars Victoria Forde | [90] |
1917
Mix's final films with Selig were released in early 1917.
Release date | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
January 8, 1917 | Starring in Western Stuff | Tom Sage | Two reels; fragment survives: UCLA; co-stars Victoria Forde; written and directed by Mix; partial remake of Sage-brush Tom (1915) | [89] |
February 10, 1917 | The Luck That Jealousy Brought | Joe Barr | One reel; produced in 1915 but not released until 1917; co-stars Victoria Forde; directed by Mix | [89] |
February 17, 1917 | The Saddle Girth | Tom, a cowpuncher | One reel; co-stars Victoria Forde; written and directed by Mix | [91] |
February 12, 1917 | The Heart of Texas Ryan | Jack Parker | Five reels; co-stars Bessie Eyton; based on the novel The Light of Western Stars by Zane Grey; survives: CD / GEH / UCLA / DFI / AFA | [91][92] |
July 1917 | Movie Stunts by Tom Mix | Himself | Two reels | [93] |
Fox Film Corporation
Mix moved from Selig to the Fox Film Corporation in 1917, starting at a salary of $350 per week. His earliest films for the studio were two-reel shorts similar to the ones he made at Selig. Within a year, however he switched to feature films. Mix's popularity soared at Fox and his salary eventually escalated to $17,000 per week.[94]
Initially Mix worked as a writer and director as well as an actor but eventually restricted his work largely to being in front of the cameras. As his Fox films often teamed him with notable directors (such as John Ford, Sidney Franklin, Jack Conway, George Marshall, and Roy William Neill) an extra column now appears to list them. As the survival rate of Mix's Fox films is higher than his Selig films another column is added to display their survival status.
1917 continued
Except where noted all films are two reels short subjects.
Release date | Title | Role | Director(s) | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 19, 1917 | Hearts and Saddles | A sagebrush lover | Tom Mix and Robert Eddy | Fragment survives | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [95] |
May 13, 1917 | The Roman Cowboy | "Bud" Ballard | Tom Mix | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [95] |
June 17, 1917 | Six Cylinder Love | "Buck" Saunders | Tom Mix | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [96] |
July 23, 1917 | A Soft Tenderfoot | The Tenderfoot | Tom Mix | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [97] |
August 12, 1917 | Durand of the Bad Lands | Clem Alison | Richard Stanton | Lost | Five reels; starring Dustin Farnum and Natalie Kingston with Mix in a supporting role. | [98][99] |
September 3, 1917 | Tom and Jerry Mix | The Foreman | Tom Mix | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [100] |
1918
Except where noted all films are five-reel features.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 13, 1918 | Cupid's Round Up | Larry Kelly | Edward LeSaint | Lost | Co-stars Wanda Hawley | [101] |
February 24, 1918 | Six Shooter Andy | Andy Crawford | Sidney Franklin | Lost | Co-stars Enid Markey | [102] |
April 14, 1918 | Western Blood | Tex Wilson | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [103] |
June 9, 1918 | Ace High | Jean Rivard | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: Lob | [104] | |
June 30, 1918 | Who's Your Father? | Tom Hartrigger | Tom Mix | Lost | Two reels | [105] |
September 8, 1918 | Mr. Logan, U.S.A. | Jim Logan | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | [106] | |
October 20, 1918 | Fame and Fortune | Clay Burgess | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | [107] |
1919
All films are five reel features.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 5, 1919 | Treat 'Em Rough | Ned Ferguson | Lynn Reynolds | 2 reels survive: GEH | Co-stars Jane Novak; film on location in Prescott, Arizona | [108][109] |
February 16, 1919 | Hell-Roarin' Reform | Tim | Edward LeSaint | Lost | [110] | |
March 30, 1919 | Fighting for Gold | Jack Kilmeny | Edward LeSaint | fragment in private collection | [111] | |
May 11, 1919 | The Coming of the Law | Kent Hollis | Arthur Rosson | 1 reel survives: LC | [112] | |
July 16, 1919 | The Wilderness Trail | Donald MacTavish | Edward LeSaint | Lost | Co-stars Colleen Moore | [113][114] |
August 24, 1919 | Rough-Riding Romance | Phineas Dobbs | Arthur Rosson | Fragment: LC | Co-stars Juanita Hansen; parially filmed in San Francisco, California | [115][116] |
October 19, 1919 | The Speed Maniac | Billy Porter | Edward LeSaint | Lost | Co-stars Eva Novak | [116][117] |
December 7, 1919 | The Feud | Jere Lynch / John Smith | Edward LeSaint | Lost | Co-stars Eva Novak | [116][118] |
1920
Except where noted all films are five reel features.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 24, 1920 | The Cyclone | Sergeant Tim Ryerson | Cliff Smith | Lost | Co-stars Colleen Moore | [119][120] |
March 20, 1920 | The Daredevil | Timothy Atkinson | Tom Mix | Lost | Co-stars Eva Novak | [120][121] |
April 24, 1920 | Desert Love | Buck Marston, Jr. | Jacques Jaccard | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Victoria Forde | [122][123] |
May 20, 1920 | The Terror | Bat Carson | Jacques Jaccard | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Eva Novak; film on location in Sonora, California | [123][124] |
July 4, 1920 | 3 Gold Coins | Bob Fleming / Bad Pat Duncan | Cliff Smith | Lost | Mix in a dual role as both the hero and the villain | [123][125] |
August 29, 1920 | The Untamed | Whistling Dan | Emmett J. Flynn | Survives complete: GEH | Co-stars Pauline Starke; based on a novel by Max Brand | [126] |
October 1920 | The Texan | Tex Benton | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: EYE / DFI | Six reels | [127] |
December 1920 | Prairie Trails | Tex Benton | George Marshall | Lost | Six reels; a sequel to The Texan | [128][129] |
1921
Except where noted all films are five reel features.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 1921 | The Road Demon | Hap Higgins | Lynn Reynolds | Fragment: LC / NFA | [130] | |
April 1921 | Hands Off! | Tex Roberts | George Marshall | Lost | [131] | |
April 1921 | The Queen of Sheba | N/A | J. Gordon Edwards | Lost | Nine reels; starring Betty Blythe; Mix supervised the film's chariot race sequence | [132] |
June 1921 | A Ridin' Romeo | Jim Rose | George Marshall | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Rhea Mitchell | [133][134] |
July 1921 | Big Town Round-Up | Larry McBride | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: EYE | Co-stars Laura La Plante | [134][135] |
August 1921 | After Your Own Heart | Herbert Parker | George Marshall | Lost | Story adaptation by Mix | [134][136] |
September 1921 | The Night Horsemen | Whistling Dan | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: GEH | [137] | |
October 1921 | The Rough Diamond | Hank Sherman | Edward Sedgwick | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Eva Novak | [138][139] |
December 1921 | Trailin' | Anthony Woodbury | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: UCLA | Co-stars Eva Novak | [139][140] |
1922
All films are five reel features.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 15, 1922 | Sky High | Grant Newburg | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: CRdB / LC / MoMA / UCLA / GEH | Co-stars Eva Novak and J. Farrell MacDonald; location shooting at the Grand Canyon in Arizona; added to the National Film Registry in 1998 | [12][139] [141] |
February 26, 1922 | Chasing the Moon | Dwight Locke | Edward Sedgwick | Lost | Co-stars Eva Novak | [142][143] |
April 2, 1922 | Up and Going | David Brandon | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Eva Novak | [144][145] |
May 15, 1922 | The Fighting Streak | Andrew Lanning | Arthur Rosson | Survives complete: BFI | Co-stars Patsy Ruth Miller; location shooting in Victorville, California | [145][146] |
June 18, 1922 | For Big Stakes | "Clean Up" Sudden | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: NFA | Co-stars Patsy Ruth Miller | [147][148] |
August 20, 1922 | Just Tony | "Red" Ferris | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: GEH / MoMA / UCLA / AFI | A film centering around Mix's horse Tony; based on a novel by Max Brand | [148][149] |
October 1, 1922 | Do and Dare | Kit Carson Boone / Henry Boone | Edward Sedgwick | Lost | Location shooting in Chatsworth, California | [148][150] |
November 5, 1922 | Arabia | Billy Evans | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | Story by Mix; co-stars Barbara Bedford | [151][152] |
December 3, 1922 | Catch My Smoke | Bob Stratton | William Beaudine | Lost | Co-stars Lillian Rich | [152] |
1923
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 11, 1923 | Romance Land | "Pep" Hawkins | Edward Sedgwick | Survives complete: NFA | Five reels; co-stars Barbara Bedford | [152][153] [154] |
March 25, 1923 | Three Jumps Ahead | Steve Clancy | Jack Ford | Lost | Five reels; the first of two Mix films directed by John Ford (here billed as Jack Ford) | [155][156] |
May 13, 1923 | Stepping Fast | Grant Malvern | Joseph J. Franz | Lost | Five reels | [157][158] |
August 26, 1923 | Soft Boiled | Tom Steele | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: GEH | Eight reels; co-stars Billie Dove | [159] |
September 9, 1923 | The Lone Star Ranger | Buck Duane | Lambert Hillyer | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Billie Dove; based on the novel by Zane Grey; also filmed in 1919, 1930, and 1942 with, respectively, William Farnum, George O'Brien, and John Kimbrough in the Mix role | [160][161] |
October 28, 1923 | Mile-a-Minute Romeo | Lucky Bill | Lambert Hillyer | Lost | Six reels | [161][162] |
November 18, 1923 | North of Hudson Bay | Michael Dane | John Ford | Survives complete: ANF / CRdB / LC UCLA | Five reels; Mix's second film with John Ford | [161][163] |
December 30, 1923 | Eyes of the Forest | Bruce Thornton | Lambert Hillyer | Survives incomplete: MoMA | Five reels; co-stars Pauline Starke | [161][164] |
1924
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 3, 1924 | Ladies to Board | Tom Faxton | John G. Blystone | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Gertrude Olmstead | [165][166] |
May 4, 1924 | The Trouble Shooter | Tom Steele | Jack Conway | Survives complete: NFA | Six reels | [167] |
July 6, 1924 | The Heart Buster | Tod Walton | Jack Conway | Lost | Five reels; co-stars Esther Ralston | [166][168] |
August 24, 1924 | The Last of the Duanes | Buck Duane | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: NFA | Seven reels; co-stars Marian Nixon; based on the novel by Zane Grey | [169][170] |
September 21, 1924 | Oh, You Tony! | Tom Masters | John G. Blystone | Lost | Seven reels; co-stars Claire Adams | [170][171] |
November 2, 1924 | Teeth | Dave Deering | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: GEH | Seven reels; co-stars George Bancroft | [170][172] |
December 7, 1924 | The Deadwood Coach | The Orphan | Lynn Reynolds | Lost | Seven reels; co-stars George Bancroft; based on a novel by Clarence E. Mulford; location shooting at Cedar City, Utah and Zion National Park | [173][174] |
1925
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 1, 1925 | Dick Turpin | Dick Turpin | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: GEH MoMA CSF | Seven reels; features Alan Hale; one of Mix's few non-Westerns; a romanticized story of the English highwayman | [174][175] |
March 15, 1925 | Riders of the Purple Sage | Jim Lassiter | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: GEH MoMA | Six reels; based on the novel by Zane Grey; featuring Warner Oland and Fred Kohler; location shooting in the Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, California; also filmed in 1918, 1931, 1941, and 1996 with, respectively, William Farnum, George O'Brien, George Montgomery, and Ed Harris in the Mix role | [176][177] [178][179] |
May 24, 1925 | The Rainbow Trail | John Shefford | Lynn Reynolds | Survives complete: GEH | Six reels; based on the novel by Zane Grey; location shooting in the Painted Desert in Arizona; also filmed in 1918 with William Farnum and in 1932 with George O'Brien | [180][181] [178] |
August 29, 1925 | The Lucky Horseshoe | Tom Foster | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: MoMA | Five reels; co-stars Billie Dove and J. Farrell MacDonald with Ann Pennington in a cameo appearance; Gary Cooper appears as an extra | [182][183] [184] |
October 11, 1925 | The Everlasting Whisper | Mark King | John G. Blystone | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Alice Calhoun | [185][186] |
December 12, 1925 | The Best Bad Man | Hugh Nichols | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: MoMA | Five reels; co-stars Clara Bow; based on a novel by Max Brand | [187][188] |
1926
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 10, 1926 | The Yankee Señor | Paul Wharton | Emmett J. Flynn | Survives incomplete: NFA | Five reels; co-stars Olive Borden; features a fiesta sequence filmed in Technicolor (part of this color footage survives) | [189][190] |
February 28, 1926 | My Own Pal | Tom O'Hara | John G. Blystone | Survival status unknown | Six reels; co-stars Olive Borden | [191][192] |
April 18, 1926 | Tony Runs Wild | Tom Trent | Thomas Buckingham | Survives complete: NFA | Six reels; co-stars Jacqueline Logan | [193][194] |
June 6, 1926 | Hard Boiled | Tom Bouden | John G. Blystone | Survives complete: NFA | Six reels | [195][196] |
August 29, 1926 | No Man's Gold | Tom Stone | Lewis Seiler | Survives complete: NFA | Six reels; co-stars Eva Novak | [196][197] |
October 17, 1926 | The Great K & A Train Robbery | Tom Gordon | Lewis Seiler | Survives complete: CRdB / LC / MoMA / UCLA | Five reels; co-stars Dorothy Dwan; location shooting at Royal Gorge, Colorado | [198][199] |
December 5, 1926 | The Canyon of Light | Tom Mills | Benjamin Stoloff | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Dorothy Dwan | [199][200] |
1927
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 23, 1927 | The Last Trail | Tom Dane | Lewis Seiler | Survives complete: CRdB / MoMA / GEH | Six reels; co-stars Carmelita Geraghty; based on the novel by Zane Grey | [201][202] |
March 13, 1927 | The Broncho Twister | Tom Mason | Orville O. Dull | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Helene Costello; based on a story by Adela Rogers St. Johns | [202][203] |
May 8, 1927 | Outlaws of Red River | Tom Morley | Lewis Seiler | Lost | Six reels; co-stars Marjorie Daw | [204][205] |
June 26, 1927 | The Circus Ace | Tom Terry | Benjamin Stoloff | Survives complete: NFA | Five reels; co-stars Natalie Kingston | [205][206] |
August 21, 1927 | Tumbling River | Tom Gier | Lewis Seiler | Lost | Five reels; co-stars Dorothy Dwan | [207][208] |
October 2, 1927 | Silver Valley | Tom Tracey | Benjamin Stoloff | Lost | Five reels; co-stars Dorothy Dwan | [209][210] |
November 20, 1927 | The Arizona Wildcat | Tom Phelan | Roy William Neill | Lost | Five reels; co-stars Dorothy Sebastian; based on a story by Adela Rogers St. Johns | [210][211] |
1928
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 15, 1928 | Daredevil's Reward | Tom Hardy | Eugene Forde | Lost | Six reels | [212] |
March 11, 1928 | A Horseman of the Plains | Tom Swift | Benjamin Stoloff | Lost | Five reels; co-stars Sally Blane | [213][214] |
May 13, 1928 | Hello Cheyenne! | Tom Remington | Eugene Forde | Lost | Five reels; location shooting in Arizona | [215][216] |
July 1, 1928 | Painted Post | Tom Blake | Eugene Forde | Survives complete: CI | Five reels | [217] |
FBO Pictures
By 1927, numerous low-budget imitations of Mix's films were flooding the cinema market. This, along with Mix's salary, the high rental fees for his films, and Fox Films' commitment to sound films made the studio decide not to renew his contract.[218] Following his departure from Fox Mix went on a vaudeville tour with the Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuit. In 1928, Mix signed with the Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studios to appear in six silent westerns.[219] By the time his first film, The Son of the Golden West, was released FBO had merged with RKO Pictures. Mix's FBO films were not as well received by the public and press as his Fox films. As a result, after making five films for the studio production of the proposed sixth film, The Dude Ranch, was cancelled.[220] Prints of all five of Mix's FBO films survive.
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Survival status | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 1, 1928 | The Son of the Golden West | Tom Hardy | Eugene Forde | Survives complete: CRdB | Six reels | [221] |
August 9, 1928 | King Cowboy | Tex Rogers | Robert De Lacy | Survives complete: FA | Seven reels; co-stars Sally Blane | [222][223] |
January 29, 1929 | Outlawed | Tom Manning | Eugene Forde | Survives complete: EYE | Seven reels; co-stars Sally Blane | [223][224] |
March 19, 1929 | The Drifter | Tom McCall | Robert De Lacy | Survives complete: CN / LOC | Six reels; co-stars Dorothy Dwan | [223][225] |
May 29, 1929 | The Big Diamond Robbery | Tom Markham | Eugene Forde | Survives complete: LOC | Seven reels; co-stars Kathryn McGuire | [226][227] |
Universal Pictures
Following his departure from FBO Mix returned to the vaudeville circuit for several years. In November 1931, Mix received an offer from Carl Laemmle of Universal Studios to star in a series of sound westerns. The resulting nine films (plus a cameo appearance in a tenth) proved to be popular at the box office. In December 1932, however, Mix ended his association with Universal due to injuries and a bout of influenza.[228] All of Mix's Universal films survive (see references for each film).
Release date | Title | Role | Director | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 28, 1932 | The Cohens and Kellys in Hollywood | Himself | John Francis Dillon | 75 minutes; Mix, Genevieve Tobin, Boris Karloff, Sidney Fox, Lew Ayres and Gloria Stuart make cameo appearances in a sequence filmed at the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in the Ambassador Hotel. | [229] |
April 17, 1932 | Destry Rides Again | Tom Destry | Benjamin Stoloff | 53 minutes; co-stars Claudia Dell and ZaSu Pitts; based on a novel by Max Brand; remade in 1939 with James Stewart and as Destry (1955) with Audie Murphy | [230][231] [232] |
May 26, 1932 | The Rider of Death Valley | Tom Rigby | Albert S. Rogell | 76 minutes; co-stars Lois Wilson | [233] |
June 30, 1932 | The Texas Bad Man | Tom / Dan Bishop | Edward Laemmle | 60 minutes | [234] |
August 2, 1932 | My Pal, the King | Tom Reed | Kurt Neumann | 75 minutes; co-stars Mickey Rooney | [235] |
September 29, 1932 | The Fourth Horseman | Tom Martin | Hamilton MacFadden | 57 minutes; co-stars Margaret Lindsay | [236] |
November 3, 1932 | Hidden Gold | Tom | Arthur Rosson | 61 minutes | [237] |
February 2, 1933 | Terror Trail | Tom Munroe | Armand Schaefer | 57 minutes | [238] |
June 1932 | Flaming Guns | Tom Malone | Arthur Rosson | 57 minutes; co-stars William Farnum and Ruth Hall | [239] |
September 1933 | Rustlers' Roundup | Tom Lawson | Henry MacRae | 60 minutes; co-stars Noah Beery, Jr. | [240] |
Mascot
Following his departure from Universal, Mix returned to live performances. In 1934, he joined with showman Sam Gill to form the "Tom Mix Wild West and Sam Gill Circus (Combined)". Following Gill's death from a heart attack Mix bought out his late partner's ownership. To help finance this deal Mix signed with film producer Nat Levine's Mascot Pictures to appear in a western serial. Although a major box office hit, the resulting effort was Mix's final film.[241]
Release date | Title | Role | Directors | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 18, 1935 | The Miracle Rider | Tom Morgan | Armand Schaefer B. Reeves Eason |
A 15-chapter serial (303 minutes); co-stars Charles Middleton; prints survive | [242] |
Other possible film appearances
The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) lists Mix as appearing as himself in the documentary short films Screen Snapshots, Series 1, No. 17 (1921), Screen Snapshots, Series 1, No. 20 (1921), Screen Snapshots, Series 1, No. 22 (1921), Screen Snapshots, Series 2, No. 22-F (1922), Screen Snapshots, Series 6, No. 16 (1926), Screen Snapshots (1926), Life in Hollywood No. 4 (1927), The Voice of Hollywood No. 2 (1930), The Voice of Hollywood, Series 1, No. 2 (1930), Screen Snapshots (1932), Hollywood on Parade No. A-3 (1932), Hollywood on Parade No. A-4 (1933), Hollywood on Parade No. A-7 (1933), The 42nd. Street Special (1933), and Screen Snapshots: Seeing Hollywood (1940).[243] Mix biographer Robert S. Birchard confirms his appearances in the two "Voice of Hollywood" films.[244]
Archives with Mix films
The following film archives have prints of Tom Mix films:
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References
Citations
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 25, 269
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Everson 1992, p. 84
- ↑ Barbour 1971, p. 3
- ↑ Brownlow 1979, p. 304
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 5
- ↑ Brownlow 1979, p. 305
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 12
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Birchard 1993, p. 115
- ↑ Everson 1992, p. 85
- ↑ Everson 1992, p. 86
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Vol. 57, No. 12
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 7
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 8
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 9
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Birchard 1993, p. 10
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Birchard 1993, p. 26
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Birchard 1993, p. 27
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Birchard 1993, p. 29
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Birchard 1993, p. 30
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- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Birchard 1993, p. 32
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Birchard 1993, p. 33
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Birchard 1993, p. 34
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Birchard 1993, p. 35
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 11
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Birchard 1993, p. 36
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 12–13
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Birchard 1993, p. 38
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Birchard 1993, p. 39
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Birchard 1993, p. 41
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Birchard 1993, p. 44
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Birchard 1993, p. 45
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Birchard 1993, p. 46
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Birchard 1993, p. 47
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- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Birchard 1993, p. 49
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Birchard 1993, p. 51
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 52
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 53
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Birchard 1993, p. 56
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Birchard 1993, p. 58
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 13
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 15
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Birchard 1993, p. 59
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- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 Birchard 1993, p. 74
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- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Birchard 1993, p. 78
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- ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 Birchard 1993, p. 84
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- ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Birchard 1993, p. 85
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 Birchard 1993, p. 86
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Birchard 1993, p. 87
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Birchard 1993, p. 88
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Birchard 1993, p. 90
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Birchard 1993, p. 92
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 18
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 19
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 92–93
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 Birchard 1993, p. 93
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Birchard 1993, p. 95
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 Birchard 1993, p. 96
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 82.3 Birchard 1993, p. 99
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Birchard 1993, p. 100
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 Birchard 1993, p. 103
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 Birchard 1993, p. 104
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- ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 Birchard 1993, p. 106
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- ↑ 91.0 91.1 Birchard 1993, p. 111
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- ↑ 95.0 95.1 Birchard 1993, pp. 116, 135
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 116, 139
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 116, 140
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 141
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 116, 141
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 146
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 148
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- ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 Birchard 1993, pp. 153
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 161
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- ↑ 134.0 134.1 134.2 Birchard 1993, p. 166
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 173
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 190
- ↑ Dickens 1971, p. 22
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 191
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- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 191–192
- ↑ Layton & Pierce 2015, p. 311
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 193–197
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 197
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 195
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 196.0 196.1 Birchard 1993, p. 198
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 199.0 199.1 Birchard 1993, p. 200
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 202.0 202.1 Birchard 1993, p. 203
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 205.0 205.1 Birchard 1993, p. 204
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 206–207
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 210.0 210.1 Birchard 1993, p. 208
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 212
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 213
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 132
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 216
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 216–218
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 223.0 223.1 223.2 Birchard 1993, p. 223
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 226
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 245
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 265–267
- ↑ Birchard 1993, pp. 265–269
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Birchard 1993, p. 230
Bibliography
Main source
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Secondary sources
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.