Template:Infobox yttrium

Yttrium,  ₃₉Y

General properties
Name, symbol	yttrium, Y
Appearance	silvery white
Pronunciation	/ˈɪtriəm/ IT-ree-əm
Yttrium in the periodic table
Sc ↑ Y ↓ Lu strontium ← yttrium → zirconium
Atomic number (Z)	39
Group, block	group 3, d-block
Period	period 5
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	88.90584(2)
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
Boiling point	3203 K ​(2930 °C, ​5306 °F)
Density near r.t.	4.472 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 ​(a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies	1st: 600 kJ/mol 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	17.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	200–589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
History
Naming	after Ytterby, Sweden and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite)
Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Carl Gustav Mosander (1840)
Most stable isotopes of yttrium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 87Y syn 3.35 d ε – 87Sr γ 0.48, 0.38D – 88Y syn 106.6 d ε – 88Sr γ 1.83, 0.89 – 89Y 100% 89Y is stable with 50 neutrons 90Y syn 2.67 d β− 2.28 90Zr γ 2.18 – 91Y syn 58.5 d β− 1.54 91Zr γ 1.20 –

References

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