Template:Infobox titanium

Titanium,  ₂₂Ti

General properties
Name, symbol	titanium, Ti
Appearance	silvery grey-white metallic
Pronunciation	/taɪˈteɪniəm/ ty-TAY-nee-əm
Titanium in the periodic table
– ↑ Ti ↓ Zr scandium ← titanium → vanadium
Atomic number (Z)	22
Group, block	group 4, d-block
Period	period 4
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	47.867(1)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d2 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1941 K ​(1668 °C, ​3034 °F)
Boiling point	3560 K ​(3287 °C, ​5949 °F)
Density near r.t.	4.506 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	4.11 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	425 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.060 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1982 2171 (2403) 2692 3064 3558
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.54
Ionization energies	1st: 658.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1309.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2652.5 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 147 pm
Covalent radius	160±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5090 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	8.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	21.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	420 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	116 GPa
Shear modulus	44 GPa
Bulk modulus	110 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.32
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	830–3420 MPa
Brinell hardness	716–2770 MPa
CAS Number	7440-32-6
History
Discovery	William Gregor (1791)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1825)
Named by	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1795)
Most stable isotopes of titanium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 44Ti syn 63 y ε – 44Sc γ 0.07D, 0.08D – 46Ti 8.0% 46Ti is stable with 24 neutrons 47Ti 7.3% 47Ti is stable with 25 neutrons 48Ti 73.8% 48Ti is stable with 26 neutrons 49Ti 5.5% 49Ti is stable with 27 neutrons 50Ti 5.4% 50Ti is stable with 28 neutrons

References

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