Sentinel-5 Precursor

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Lua error in Module:Infobox at line 314: malformed pattern (missing ']'). Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) is an Earth observation satellite developed by the ESA as part of the Copernicus Programme to close the gap in continuity of observations between Envisat and Sentinel-5.[4]

Overview

Sentinel-5 Precursor will be the first mission of a Copernicus Programme dedicated to monitoring air pollution. It's instrument will be ultraviolet, visible, near and short-wavelength infrared spectrometer called Tropomi. Satellite is build on a hexagonal Astrobus L 250 satellite bus equipped in S- and X-band communication antennas, three foldable solar panels generating 1500W and a hydrazine thrusters for station-keeping.[1][2]

Once launched satellite will be put on 824 km Sun-synchronous orbit with a period of 13:30 hours.

Tropomi

Tropomi (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) will be a spectrometer sensing ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) to monitor ozone, methane, formaldehyde, aerosol, carbon monoxide, NO2 and SO2 in the atmosphere extending the capabilities of OMI from Aura satellite and SCIAMACHY instrument from Envisat.[5]

Instrument will be taking measurements every second covering an area of approximately 2600km wide and 7km long in a resolution of 7x7km. Light will be separated into a different wavelengths using grating spectrometers and then measured with four different detectors for respective spectral bands. UV spectrometer is going to work in spectral range of 270-320nm, visible light spectrometer in 310-500nm, NIR in 675-775nm and SWIR in 2305-2385nm.[6]

Instrument is split into four major blocks: UV-VIS-NIR spectrometers and a calibration block, SWIR spectrometer with its optics, instrument control unit and a cooling block. Total mass of Tropomi will be 200kg with a power consumption of 170W on average and a data output of 140 Gbits per orbit.[6][1]

Instrument is being build by a joint venture between the Netherlands Space Office, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research and Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands.[7][8]

The SWIR spectrometer was designed and built by the Optical Payloads Group of Surrey Satellites (SSTL); it employs an immersed grating design in which light impinges upon an etched grating from within a high-index substrate (silicon in this case). The reduced wavelength within the refractive medium permits an efficient, space-saving design. The SWIR grating was provided by SRON (Netherlands), who also provided the Front-End Electronics (FEE). The SWIR spectrometer receives light from the main instrument via an intermediate pupil, and directs this - via a telescope - towards a slit which defines the along-track footprint of the instrument on the ground. Light from the slit is re-collimated, diffracted by the immersed-grating at high-order and finally imaged onto a two-dimensional detector by a high aperture relay lens. The SWIR detector (furnished by Sofradir, France) has 256 elements in the across-track direction and 1024 elements in the spectral direction (the element pitch is 30 microns); it is operated cold (typically 140 K). The SWIR spectrometer optics are mounted on a cooled optical bench (approximately 200K) and the instrument is insulated by a multiple-layer insulation (MLI) blanket. The SWIR instrument was aligned, focussed and characterised at the Mullard Space Science laboratory thermal vacuum facility in Surrey, UK.

History

First large contract for Sentinel-5P was signed in July 2009 for Tropomi instrument between the European Space Agency and Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs which contributed €78 million.[7] On 8 December 2011 ESA selected Astrium UK as a prime contractor for the satellite, signing contract worth €45.5 million[9] Construction of the satellite itself was completed in May 2014, however it still awaits for its primary instrument.[10]

Satellite will be launched by Eurockot Launch Services onboard Rokot in 2016.[3]

References

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External links

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