Visa policy of the Schengen Area

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File:Schengen uniform visa 2008.png
A specimen Schengen visa
Entry stamp
Exit stamp
Examples of Schengen entry and exit stamps.

The visa policy of the Schengen Area is set by the European Union and applies to the Schengen Area and to other EU member states without the opt-outs enjoyed by Ireland and the UK.[1] If someone other than a European Union, European Economic Area (EEA) or Swiss citizen wishes to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania they must have a visa or be a national of a visa-exempt country.

The Schengen Area consists of 22 European Union member states and four non-members who are members of EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania are not yet part of the Schengen Area but, nonetheless, have a visa policy that is based on the Schengen acquis.[2]

Ireland and the United Kingdom opt out of the EU's visa policies and instead operate their own separate visa policies, as do certain overseas territories of EEA member states.

European Union citizens and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) nationals are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. Their right to freedom of movement in each other's countries can, however, be limited in a small number of situations.

Freedom of movement

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Main article: Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely

Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 recognises the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States[3][4][5] defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union (EU) and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate bilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU.

Citizens of all EEA member states and Switzerland holding a valid passport or national identity card enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa.

If EU and EFTA nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.[6][7]

Council of Europe Schengen Area European Free Trade Association European Economic Area Eurozone European Union European Union Customs Union Agreement with EU to mint euros GUAM Central European Free Trade Agreement Nordic Council Baltic Assembly Benelux Visegrád Group Common Travel Area Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Union State Switzerland Iceland Norway Liechtenstein Sweden Denmark Finland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Greece Estonia Latvia Lithuania Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Italy France Spain Austria Germany Portugal Slovenia Malta Cyprus Ireland United Kingdom Croatia Romania Bulgaria Turkey Monaco Andorra San Marino Vatican City Georgia Ukraine Azerbaijan Moldova Armenia Russia Belarus Serbia Albania Montenegro Macedonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo (UNMIK) Kazakhstan
A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements.

However, EU and EFTA member states can refuse entry to an EU or EFTA national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society".[8] If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where they seek entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel them on serious grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel them on imperative grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child).[9] Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's date of arrival in the Member State where they seek entry.[10]

Non-EU or EFTA citizen family members

A family member of an EU or EFTA citizen who is in possession of a residence permit indicating their status is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa when entering the European Union, European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EU or EFTA family member or are seeking to join them.[11] As from the 6 April 2015 the UK recognize this documents Entering the UK as the holder of an Article 10 residence card .

Non-EU family members who otherwise require a Schengen visa will still need one before they travel to Switzerland even if they possess a UK residence permit that clearly mentions that they are the family member of an EEA citizen.

Visa exemptions

Schengen Area visa lists.
  Schengen member states
  Other EU members outside Schengen Area but bound by same visa policy and special territories of the EU and Schengen member states
  Members of the EU with an independent visa policy
  Visa-free access to the Schengen states for 90 days in any 180 day period, although some Annex II nationals can enjoy longer visa-free access in some circumstances (EC 539/2001 Annex II)
  Visa required to enter the Schengen states (EC 539/2001 Annex I)
  Visa required for transit via the Schengen states (EC 810/2009 Annex IV)
  Visa status unknown

Since 2001, the European Union has issued two lists regarding visas for the Schengen Area: a white list of countries whose nationals do not require visas (Annex II)[12] and a black list of countries whose nationals do require visas (Annex I).[13] The two lists are also adopted by Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania, even though the four countries are not yet part of the Schengen Area.

Individuals in the following categories can enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria,[14] Croatia,[15] Cyprus,[16] and Romania[17] without a visa:

As of right

Family members of EU and EFTA citizens

Citizens of 'Annex II' countries and territories

Citizens of the following 54 countries and territories holding ordinary passports:[22]

School pupils resident in the EU, EEA and Switzerland

School pupils resident in Annex II countries and territories

Holders of local border traffic permits

Currently the local border traffic regulation agreements exist with Belarus (with Latvia since 2011), Moldova (with Romania since 2010), Russia (with Norway and Poland since 2012 and with Latvia since 2013) and Ukraine (with Hungary and Slovakia since 2008, Poland since 2009 and Romania since 2015). Agreement between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is pending ratification but is applied on provisional basis.[48]

Obtaining a visa

If a traveller cannot benefit from one of the visa exemptions listed above, they must take the following steps to obtain a Schengen visa:

  • They must first identify which Schengen country is the main destination. This determines the State responsible for deciding on the Schengen visa application and therefore the embassy, high commission or the consulate where the traveller will have to lodge the application.[52] If the main destination cannot be determined, the traveller should file the visa application at the embassy, high commission or consulate of the Schengen country of first entry.[52][53] If the Schengen State of the main destination or first entry does not have a diplomatic mission or consular post in his country (or consular district), the traveller must contact the embassy or the consulate of another Schengen country, normally located in the traveller's country (or consular district), which represents, for the purpose of issuing Schengen visas, the country of the main destination or first entry.
  • Some Schengen member state embassies, high commissions and consulates require visa applicants to obtain an appointment in advance.[54]
  • In certain countries, the embassy, high commission or the consulate where the traveller has to lodge his or her visa application may have appointed an external service provider (e.g. VFS Global) to collect and return visa applications. Often, the external service provider will collect an additional service charge on top of the Schengen visa application fee. However, if an embassy, high commission or consulate of a Schengen member state decides to appoint an external service provider, it is obliged to retain the option for visa applicants to continue to lodge applications directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate rather than through the external service provider.[55] According to instructions from the European Commission, visa applicants must have a 'genuine choice' between using an external service provider and applying directly at the relevant Schengen member state embassy/high commission/consulate.[56] Specifically, this means that the waiting time to obtain an appointment directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate must not be so long in comparison with the waiting time to obtain an appointment through the external service provider so as to render direct access to the embassy/high commission/consulate 'impossible in practice'.[56] In addition, visa applicants must be clearly told by both the embassy/high commission/consulate and the external service provider that they have the choice either to apply directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate or to use the external service provider, as well as the fact (if applicable) that the external service provider charges an additional service fee.[56]
  • The traveller must then present the Schengen visa application to the responsible embassy, high commission or consulate (or its appointed external service provider). The application cannot be submitted more than three months before the date he or she intends to enter the Schengen Area.[54] An application form is to be submitted (all Schengen countries issue Schengen visa application forms in a harmonised, uniform format in a variety of languages), together with a valid passport/travel document and, if necessary, the documents supporting the purpose and conditions of the stay in the Schengen Area (aim of the visit, duration of the stay, lodging). The traveller will also have to prove his or her means of subsistence, i.e., the funds available to cover, on the one hand, the expenses of the stay, taking into account its duration and the destination, and, on the other hand, the cost of the return to the home country. Certain embassies or consulates sometimes call the applicant to appear in person in order to explain verbally the reasons for the visa application.
  • Some embassies, high commissions and consulates may require applicants to provide biometric identifiers (typically fingerprints and a digital photograph) as part of the visa application process to be stored on the Visa Information System (VIS). Biometric identifiers are not collected from children under the age of 12.[57]
  • Finally, the traveller must have travel insurance that covers, for a minimum of €30,000, any expenses incurred as a result of emergency medical treatment or repatriation for health reasons. The proof of the travel insurance must, in principle, be provided at the end of the procedure, i.e. when the decision to grant the Schengen visa has already been made.
  • If the visa application is 'admissible' (i.e. it has been submitted to the embassy/high commission/consulate of the correct Schengen member state), a decision must be given within 15 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged. Where further scrutiny of the application is required or where the embassy/high commission/consulate receiving the application is representing another Member State, the decision must be given within 30 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged. Exceptionally, where additional documentation is required, the decision must be given within 60 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged.[58]

It is possible, exceptionally, to obtain a single-entry Schengen visa valid for up to 15 days on arrival at the border if the individual can prove that he/she was unable to apply for a visa in advance due to time constraints arising out of 'unforeseeable' and 'imperative' reasons as long as he/she fulfils the regular criteria for the issuing of a Schengen visa.[59] However, if the individual requesting a Schengen visa at the border falls within a category of people for which it is necessary to consult one or more of the central authorities of other Schengen States, he/she may only be issued a visa at the border in exceptional cases on humanitarian grounds, on grounds of national interest or on account of international obligations (such as the death or sudden serious illness of a close relative or of another close person).[60] In 2014, over 122,000 Schengen visas were issued to travellers on arrival at the border.[61]

The regular application fee for a short-stay Schengen visa is set at €60. A reduced fee of €35 is paid by children of age 6 to 11, and by nationals of Visa Facilitation Agreement countries (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Georgia, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine). Children under the age of 6, students and teachers undertaking a stay for the purpose of study or educational training, certain scientific researchers and representatives aged 25 or under of non-profit organisations attending events organised by non-profit organisations have their visa fee completely waived.[62] If the visa fee is being charged in the local currency (rather than in Euros), the Schengen member state embassy/high commission/consulate should review the exchange rate used at least every two weeks.[63]

Consular staff, external service providers' staff and border guards are not permitted to discriminate against visa applicants on the basis of their race, sex, ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.[64][65]

A Schengen visa is only valid for the Schengen Area. For individuals who require a visa for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and/or Romania, a separate Bulgarian/Croatian/Cypriot/Romanian visa has to be obtained. Note that holders of a Schengen visa can enter Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania for up to 90 days in a 180-day period during the validity of their Schengen visa without having to apply for Bulgarian, Croatian and/or Romanian visas.[19][21][66] However, holders of Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot or Romanian visas need to apply for a Schengen visa to enter the Schengen Area. Bulgaria additionally recognizes short stay and transit visas issued by Croatia, Cyprus and Romania.[67]

A different procedure applies to long-stay visas issued by Schengen countries, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania for stays of more than 3 months (see below).

Unrecognised travel documents

As the following travel documents are not recognised by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania, visas are not endorsed inside the travel documents.[68]

In addition, the following entities are not recognised as sovereign states by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania. Therefore, passports issued by them are not recognised as valid travel documents by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania, and visas will not be attached to such passports.[citation needed]

Statistics

15,684,796 Schengen visas were issued and 16,725,908 visa applications were filed in 2014.[61][69]

Most visas were applied for from the following countries

Application from Number of applications Refusal rate Share of multiple entry visas
 Russia 5,768,182 0.9% 60.0%
 China 1,800,369 3.0% 15.6%
 Ukraine 1,387,086 2.0% 52.4%
 Belarus 881,404 0.3% 51.2%
 Turkey 813,339 4.4% 58.1%
 Algeria 593,624 25.5% 34.0%
 India 568,216 6.4% 45.3%
 Morocco 434,652 12.4% 43.8%
 Saudi Arabia 308,879 2.5% 74.9%
 United Arab Emirates 253,765 7.6% 58.6%
United Kingdom residents[70] 236,181 3.8% 35.1%
 Thailand 219,015 3.8% 22.1%
 South Africa 172,200 1.3% 64.0%
 Kuwait 164,753 2.9% 81.4%
 Iran 160,145 16.0% 20.5%
 Egypt 156,995 11.7% 31.8%
 Tunisia 152,038 11.8% 39.6%
 Kazakhstan 148,879 2.2% 19.7%
 Indonesia 143,410 1.1% 42.9%
 Colombia 133,200 4.3% 69.3%
 Lebanon 128,088 10.1% 50.6%
 Philippines 125,037 5.5% 50.3%

Broken down by issuing state

Issuing state Number of visa applications Number of visas issued (Visas issued / Visa applications) ratio
 Austria 266,356 258,247 0.970
 Belgium 219,758 179,522 0.817
 Czech Republic 519,819 506,597 0.975
 Denmark 109,694 99,852 0.910
 Estonia 170,731 168,138 0.985
 Finland 1,205,034 1,191,110 0.988
 France 2,894,996 2,613,995 0.903
 Germany 2,061,137 1,901,612 0.923
 Greece 1,375,287 1,345,405 0.978
 Hungary 309,894 302,355 0.976
 Iceland 3,923 3,886 0.991
 Italy 2,164,545 2,062,501 0.953
 Latvia 207,185 204,777 0.988
 Lithuania 463,709 458,279 0.988
 Luxembourg 11,567 11,321 0.979
 Malta 56,886 40,705 0.716
 Netherlands 485,267 449,520 0.926
 Norway 179,550 163,568 0.911
 Poland 1,125,520 1,104,437 0.981
 Portugal 183,216 164,103 0.896
 Slovakia 104,988 103,379 0.985
 Slovenia 26,492 24,925 0.941
 Spain 1,923,016 1,756,032 0.913
 Sweden 191,009 158,092 0.828
  Switzerland 466,329 412,438 0.884

Visa facilitation agreements

The EU has concluded visa facilitation agreements that allow facilitated procedures for issuing visas for both the EU citizens and citizens of the partner country. The facilitated procedures include faster visa processing times, reduced fee or fee-free visa application processing, reduces list of supporting documents. The agreements are in force with the following countries:[71]

Country Entry into force
 Albania 2008
 Armenia 2014
 Azerbaijan 2014
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008
 Cape Verde 2014
 Macedonia 2008
 Georgia 2011
 Moldova 2013
 Montenegro 2008
 Serbia 2008
 Russia 2007
 Ukraine 2013

These agreements are linked to readmission agreements that allow the return of people irregularly residing in the EU.[72]

Visas with limited territorial validity

In exceptional cases, member states may issue visas with limited territorial validity (LTV) instead of a Schengen visa. A LTV visa may either specifically name member state(s) for which it is valid or, inversely, specifically name member state(s) for which it is not valid. Holders of LTV visas are only permitted to transit via, travel to, and circulate within the territories of, member states for which it is valid.

Schengen visa code that member states may issue LTV visas:[73]

  • when a consulate deems it justifiable to overcome the three-month limitation in six months;
  • or when a member state considers it necessary due to pressing circumstances to derogate from entry conditions as set by Schengen Border code, or to overcome objections of other member states, or in cases of urgency.

Despite the fact that LTV visas may be issued in exceptional cases only, some member state abuse the facility. For instance, the Spanish Embassy in Russia occasionally issues LTV visas to tourists.

Airport transit

In general, a passenger who transits through an airport in the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania while remaining airside will not require a visa.

However, on 5 April 2010, common visa requirements for airport transit were introduced by the European Union.[74] At present, citizens of the following 12 countries are required to hold an airport transit visa (ATV) when transiting through any airport in the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Cyprus or Romania, even if they remain airside:

However, citizens of the above 12 countries are exempt from airport transit visas if they:

  • hold a Schengen visa, a national long-stay visa or a residence permit issued by an EU member state,
  • hold certain residence permits issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, San Marino or the United States guaranteeing the holder's unconditional readmission to that country,
  • hold a valid visa for an EU member state or for a member of the European Economic Area Agreement, Canada, Japan or the United States of America, or when they return from those countries after having used the visa,
  • are family members of an EU citizen,
  • hold a diplomatic passport, or
  • are flight crew members whose state of nationality is a party to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.

Additionally, individual Schengen countries can impose airport transit visa requirements for nationals of other countries in urgent cases of mass influx of illegal immigrants.[74] Eleven countries (Austria, Denmark,[75] Finland,[76] Iceland, Latvia,[77] Poland,[78] Malta, Romania,[17] Slovenia,[79] and Sweden)[80] currently do not use this provision and have no additional requirements.[81] As Liechtenstein has indicated that it won't to accept flights originating outside the Schengen Area,[82] airport transit visa requirements are not relevant there. The other Schengen countries require airport transit visas for nationals from up to 23 (in the case of France) additional countries (See the table below).[81]

Non-ordinary passports

Unlike the common Schengen rules for ordinary passports, there are no common black,[Note 10] white[Note 11] or transit[Note 12] lists for holders of diplomatic, service and other official passports, and each state has a different policy on these.[68][92][93]

Visa waivers maintained exclusively for diplomatic, official and service passports by member state:

  • Austria: Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Jamaica, Maldives, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (biometric only) and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Belize, Georgia, Russia and Sovereign Military Order of Malta.[94]
  • Belgium: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malawi, Maldives, Morocco, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal and Ukraine.[95]
  • Czech Republic: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Egypt, Laos, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Georgia, Mongolia, Russia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Vietnam and Yemen.[96]
  • Denmark: Bolivia, Egypt, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, Peru, Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Kazakhstan, Peru, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.[97]
  • Estonia: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, Tunisia and Vietnam.[98]
  • Finland: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.[99]
  • France: Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, United States (provided not travelling on duty) and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin (biometric only), Republic of the Congo (biometric only), Georgia, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.[100]
  • Germany: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Chad, Ecuador, Ghana, Philippines, Qatar (biometric only), Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi, Mongolia (biometric only), Morocco, Namibia, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Tunisia, Ukraine and Vietnam.[101]
  • Greece: Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Egypt, Kuwait, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Zimbabwe and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia and Ukraine.[102][103]
  • Hungary: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cambodia, Cape Verde, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Georgia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Vietnam and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Swaziland, Uzbekistan and Yemen.[104]
  • Italy: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Gambia, Guyana, Kuwait, Lesotho, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, South Africa, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Swaziland, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Mozambique, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine and Vietnam.[105]
  • Latvia: Armenia, Cape Verde, Georgia, Mongolia, Peru, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia and Uzbekistan.[106]
  • Lithuania: Cape Verde, China, Oman, Philippines, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, India, Kazakhstan, Morocco and Russia.[107]
  • Luxembourg: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malawi, Morocco, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal and Ukraine.[108]
  • Malta: Algeria, Cape Verde, China, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya (accredited in Malta), South Africa, Tunisia and Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belize, Cambodia, Cuba, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen and Zambia.[109]
  • Netherlands: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malawi, Morocco, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine.[110]
  • Poland: Benin, Cape Verde, China, Ecuador, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Vietnam.[111]
  • Portugal: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Kuwait, Morocco, Mozambique, Oman, Peru, Qatar, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Senegal and Ukraine.[112]
  • Slovakia: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Cambodia, Cape Verde, China, Egypt, Georgia, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mongolia, Morocco, North Korea, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen and only diplomatic passports of Cuba, Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam.[113]
  • Slovenia: Bolivia, Cape Verde, China, Cuba, Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Vietnam and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Georgia, India, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Russia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Ukraine.[114]
  • Spain: Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Egypt, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mauritania, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.[115]
  • Sweden: Bolivia, Cape Verde, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Morocco, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.[116]

Outside Schengen Area:

  • Bulgaria: Azerbaijan, Cape Verde, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mongolia, North Korea, Peru, Qatar, Russia, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam and only diplomatic passports of Armenia and Georgia.[117]
  • Croatia: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Cape Verde, China, Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Morocco, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Qatar, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Vietnam.[118]
  • Cyprus: Armenia, Cape Verde, China, Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia, Russia, Syria, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Azerbaijan and Qatar.[119]
  • Romania: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, China, Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Russia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vietnam, Zambia and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, India, Jordan, Palestine and Uzbekistan.[120]

Other Schengen Area:

  • Iceland: Pakistan, South Africa and Turkey.[121]
  • Liechtenstein: Angola, Algeria, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Cameroon, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Indonesia, Jamaica, Laos, Morocco, Namibia, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Iran and Russia.[122]
  • Norway: Bolivia, Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, India, Russia, Ukraine and Tunisia.[123]
  • Switzerland: Angola, Algeria, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Cameroon, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Indonesia, Jamaica, Laos, Morocco, Namibia, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Iran and Russia.[124]

Despite the fact that visas are not required for ordinary passport holders, a visa is required for Australian diplomatic and service/official passport holders by Bulgaria and Cyprus, for Israeli diplomatic and service/official passport holders by Cyprus, for Mexican diplomatic and service/official passport holders by Cyprus and Iceland and for the United States diplomatic and service/official passport holders by Bulgaria, Greece, Spain, France and Cyprus.

Changes in the last 5 years

Changes to the entries on Annex I (list of visa nationals) and Annex II (list of visa-exempt nationals) are regularly considered by the Council of the European Union based on advice from the individual member states. The Council then proposes draft legislation which has to be approved by the European Parliament.

On 24 January 2011, Moldova officially received an action plan on visa liberalization from the EU's Internal Affairs Commissioner.[125] In October 2013, the Commission proposed that visa requirements for short term visits be abolished for Moldovan citizens holding biometric passports.[126][127] On 27 February 2014, the European Parliament approved visa-free travel for Moldovan citizens.[128] The Council gave their consent on 3 April, allowing visa-free travel from 28 April 2014.[129]

On 6 May 2015 a mutual visa-free agreement with immediate effect was signed with the United Arab Emirates.[130][131] On 26 May 2015 a mutual visa-free agreement with immediate effect was signed with Timor-Leste.[132] On 28 May 2015 a mutual visa-free agreement came into effect for nationals of Dominica, Grenada, Samoa, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and Vanuatu.[133] A visa waiver agreement with Tonga came into effect on 21 November 2015.[134] A similar visa waiver agreement with Colombia came into effect on 3 December 2015.[135] A visa waiver agreement with Palau entered into force on 8 December 2015.[136]

Future changes

On 7 November 2012, the European Commission announced a proposal to introduce visa-free travel for citizens from 16 island nations — 5 from the Caribbean (Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago), 10 from the Pacific (Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu) and Timor-Leste. The European Parliament also amended the list to include three other countries: Colombia, Peru, United Arab Emirates in February 2014.[137][138][139] Each of the 19 countries are required to conclude a bilateral Visa Waiver Agreement with the European Union.[140] Visa waiver agreements have so far been signed with 12 countries from the list (Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Palau, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu).

On 22 November 2010, the European Council and Ukraine announced "an action plan for Ukraine toward the establishment of a visa-free regime for short-stay travel".[141] An action plan on visa liberalisation with Georgia was launched on 25 February 2013.[142] In December 2015 the Commission concluded that both Georgia[143] and Ukraine[144] meet the criteria for visa liberalization. A legislative proposal will be presented by the Commission to amend the Regulation on Visa requirements to include Ukraine and Georgia on the list of countries whose nationals are visa-exempt for short stays in the Schengen Area.

The EU intends to introduce visa-free travel with the following countries in 2016:

Oceania

South America

Europe

Other countries with which the EU is negotiating a visa-waiver:

China

On 5 August 2015, the European Commission submitted a Recommendation authorising the opening of negotiations on a short-stay visa waiver agreement for holders of diplomatic passports with China.[145]

Indonesia

On 10 July 2015, Foreign minister of Indonesia, Retno Marsudi and European Commission Vice President, Frans Timmermans were met and talked about possibility for Indonesians passport holders to get a visa-free access to Schengen Area. It was noted that the visa rejection rate for Indonesian citizens is low at 1.1 percent in 2014 and immigration violation by Indonesian citizens is very low.[146] Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland are some Schengen members who give their support for Indonesia to get a visa-free access to Schengen Area.[147][148][149][150][151][152]

During the sidelines of the EU-ASEAN ministerial meeting in Luxembourg on 5 November 2015, the European Commission has reportedly included Indonesia in a list of countries proposed for review by the European Council. Indonesia's proposal will be submitted to the council early next year. European Council then will ask three main entities (Frontex, Europol and EASO) to study and review Indonesia's eligibility. If the study results are positive then the Council and the European Commission will propose a new regulation regarding the status change of Indonesia to get Schengen visa waiver.[153][154][155]

Kosovo

On 14 June 2012, Kosovo received a roadmap for visa liberalisation with the EU.[156] In December 2015, the European Commission has adopted the third, and final, report on Kosovo’s progress in fulfilling the requirements of its visa liberalisation roadmap which lists eight outstanding requirements that remain.[157][158][159]

Russia

On 15 December 2011, in a statement given after an EU-Russia summit, the President of the European Commission confirmed the launch of "Common Steps towards visa-free travel" with Russia.[160] Talks were suspended in March 2014.[161]

Turkey

In December 2013, after signing a readmission agreement, the EU started a visa dialogue with Turkey including a "Roadmap towards the visa-free regime".[162] There is a plan to reach a visa-free agreement with Turkey within 2–3 years.[163] The EU announced readiness to accelerate the fulfilment of the visa liberalisation roadmap if Turkey stems the influx of refugees and migrants to Europe.[164] On 29 November 2015 the EU welcomed the commitment by Turkey to accelerate the fulfilment of the Visa Roadmap benchmarks vis-à-vis all participating Member States. The European Commission will present the second progress report on the implementation by Turkey of the visa liberalisation roadmap by early March 2016. Both sides agree that the EU-Turkey re-admission agreement will become fully applicable from June 2016 in order for the Commission to be able to present its third progress report in autumn 2016 with a view to completing the visa liberalisation process i.e. the lifting of visa requirements for Turkish citizens in the Schengen zone by October 2016 once the requirements of the Roadmap are met.

Border crossing

The EU plans to establish a Registered Traveller Programme that would allow pre-screened travellers easier access.[165] In 2013 the EU also adopted a proposal for establishment of an Entry/Exit System that would make it possible to identify overstayers.[166]

Reciprocity

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Main article: Visa requirements for the European Union citizens
Visa requirements for the European Union citizens
  European Union and Schengen borderless zone
  Visa free access for all EU citizens
  Visa free access for some (1–27) EU citizens

As per Regulation No 1289/2013[167] reciprocity is required from all Annex II countries and territories. That means that these countries must offer visa-free access for 90 days to all EU citizens and to the citizens of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. When this is not the case, the affected EU or Schengen member state is expected to notify the European Commission. Starting six months after the notification, the Commission may adopt an implementing act to suspend the visa-free regime for certain categories of nationals of the third country concerned, for a period of up to six months, with a possible prolongation by further periods of up to six months. If the Commission decides not to adopt such an act, it has to present a report explaining the reasons why it did not propose the measure. If after two years from the notification the third country is still requiring visas from citizens of one or more Member States, the Commission shall adopt a delegated act to re-impose the visa obligation on all citizens of the third country, for a period of 12 months. Either the European Parliament or the Council could oppose the entry into force of the delegated acts.[168] All of the states that implement the common visa rules – including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus and Switzerland – may notify the European Commission about non-compliant third states.[169]

When the European Commission carried out its first visa reciprocity assessment on 1 May 2004 following the accession of 10 new Member States, only the following Annex II countries and territories were found to offer fully reciprocal visa-free treatment to all EU citizens: Andorra, Argentina, Chile, Holy See, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Japan, Monaco and South Korea.[170]

Since adoption of this policy full reciprocity has been achieved with the following countries (listed in order of achieving reciprocity):[171] Nicaragua,[172] Venezuela,[172] Uruguay,[173] Costa Rica,[173][174] Mexico,[174] New Zealand,[174] Israel,[Note 13][175] Malaysia,[175] Paraguay,[175] Panama,[172][176] Singapore,[176] Taiwan[177][178] and Brazil.[179][180]

According to a report from April 2015,[181] the Commission dismissed Bulgaria and Romania notifications of a general visa requirement by Australia.[182] It concluded that the Australian electronic visa 'manual processing' treatment should not be considered as equivalent to the Schengen visa application procedures and thus will not be covered by the reciprocity mechanism.[181]

In its latest report from November 2015, the Commission found that the following countries are not implementing visa reciprocity fully:[183]

  • Barbados: Does not provide an equal treatment in terms of the length of the authorized short stay for Croatian nationals.
  • Brunei: Maintains a visa requirement for Croatian nationals.
  • Canada: Bulgarian and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for visas to enter Canada.[184]
  • Japan: For Romanian citizens a temporary waiver is in effect until 31 December 2015.[185] Additionally, Romanian citizens in possession of temporary passports are not able to enter Japan without a visa.
  • United States: Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot, Polish and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for a visa to enter the US.

In its previous report,[180] the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US electronic visa system — such as the application fee — and the Australian electronic visa system.

In October 2014, it was reported that the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada might not be ratified by Bulgaria and Romania unless visa requirements were lifted for their citizens.[186][187][188] In November 2014 Bulgarian Government also announced that it will not ratify the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership unless the United States lifted visas for its citizens.[189]

Stays exceeding 90 days

For stays in the Schengen Area as a whole which exceed 90 days, as a general rule, a third country national (i.e. a non-EU, EEA or Swiss national) will need to hold either a long-stay visa for a period of no longer than a year or a residence permit for longer periods. Similarly, a third-country national who wishes to stay for more than 90 days in Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania will be required to hold a long-stay visa or a residence permit.

Although long-stay visas issued by Schengen countries, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania have the same uniform design, as a national visa, in general, the procedures and conditions for issue are determined by each individual country. Therefore, for example, whilst some Schengen countries (such as France) require applications for long-stay visas to be made in the applicant's home country, other Schengen countries permit applicants to lodge their applications after arrival. Some countries, such as Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Switzerland offer a hybrid regime, whereby third-country nationals are required to apply for long-stay visas in their home country, with the exception of a few nationalities who are permitted to apply for a residence permit directly upon arrival without having first to obtain a long-stay visa. For example, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Switzerland allow New Zealand citizens to apply for a residence permit upon arrival without having to apply for a long-stay visa in advance, but not South African citizens.[190][191][192][193]

However, in some situations, the procedures and conditions for the issue of long-stay visas have been harmonised among all Schengen member states, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania. For example, Council Directive 2004/114 has harmonised the conditions of admission of third country nationals wishing to study in a Schengen member state, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania.[194] Consequently, following the deadline for the implementation of the Directive (i.e. 12 January 2007), all Schengen member states (as well as Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania) are obliged to apply the same criteria in dealing with applications from third country nationals who wish to be admitted to their territory in order to study (namely that the applicant must have a valid travel document covering the duration of the stay, parental authorisation (if a minor), sickness insurance, not be regarded as a threat to public policy, security or health, and payment of the relevant fee).[195]

Long-stay visas issued by a Schengen country entitle the holder to enter the Schengen Area and remain in the territory of the issuing state for a period longer than 90 days, but no more than one year. If a Schengen state wishes to allow the holder of a long-stay visa remain there for longer than a year, the state must issue him or her with a residence permit.

The holder of a long-stay visa or a residence permit issued by a Schengen country is entitled to move freely within the other states which comprise the Schengen Area for a period of up to 90 days in any 180 days.[196] Third-country nationals who are long-term residents in a Schengen state may also acquire the right to move to and settle in another Schengen state without losing their legal status and social benefits.[197]

However, some third-country nationals are permitted to stay in the Schengen Area for more than 90 days without the need to apply for a long-stay visa. For example, France does not require citizens of Andorra, the Holy See, Monaco and San Marino to apply for a long-stay visa.[198] In addition, Article 20(2) of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement allows for this 'in exceptional circumstances' and for bilateral agreements concluded by individual signatory states with other countries before the Convention entered into force to remain applicable. As a result, for example, New Zealand citizens are permitted to stay for up to 90 days in each of the Schengen countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) which had already concluded bilateral visa exemption agreements with the New Zealand Government prior to the Convention entering into force without the need to apply for long-stay visas,[34][199] but if travelling to other Schengen countries the 90 days in any 180 day period time limit applies.

Means of subsistence

In addition to general requirements, EU member states set entry conditions to foreign (outside EEA) nationals called the "reference amounts required for the crossing of the external border fixed by national authorities" regarding means of subsistence during their stay.[200][201]

Authorities of Austria, Cyprus and Luxembourg decide on case by case basis.

Country Reference amount
Belgium EUR 45 per day – aliens staying with a private individual; EUR 95 per day – aliens staying at a hotel.
Bulgaria EUR 50 per day; minimum EUR 500 – per stay[202]
Croatia EUR 100 per day; EUR 50 – alien possessing a certified guarantee letter, a proof of paid travel arrangement etc.
Czech Republic EUR 40 per day up to 30 days[203]
Germany EUR 45 per day in form of cash, credit cards and checks but also a letter of guarantee from the host.[204]
Denmark DKK 350 per day
Estonia EUR 78 per day or the invitation letter
Finland EUR 30 per day[205]
France EUR 120 per day – holding no proof of accommodation; EUR 65 per day – staying at a hotel; EUR 32.50 per day – holding proof of accommodation.[206]
Greece EUR 50 per day; minimum total amount of EUR 300 for a stay of up to 5 days reduced by 50% for minors[207]
Hungary HUF 1000 per entry or letter of invitation, confirmation of accommodation or any other credible proof.[208]
Iceland ISK 4000 per day + ISK 20000 per each entry
Italy EUR 269,60 (EUR 212,81 per person for groups of two and more) fixed sum for stays up to 5 days; 6–10 days EUR 44,93 (26,33) per day; 11–20 days 51,64 (25,82) + 36.67 (22,21) per day; 20+ days EUR 206,58 (118,79) + 27,89 (17,04) per day.
Latvia EUR 14 per day or certified invitation letter
Liechtenstein CHF 100 per day; CHF 30 for students
Lithuania EUR 40 per day
Malta EUR 48 per day
Netherlands EUR 34 per day
Norway NOK 500 per day (indicative for those not staying with friends or relatives)
Poland PLN 300 for stay not exceeding 3 days; PLN 100 per day by stay exceeding 3 days; PLN 20 per day if cost of the stay were paid.[209]
Portugal EUR 40 – per day + EUR 75 – per entry
Romania EUR 50 per day; minimum EUR 500 – per stay
Slovakia EUR 56 per day (30 for accommodation, 4 for breakfast, 7.5 for lunch, 7.5 for dinner, 7 for spending) or a certified invitation letter[210]
Slovenia EUR 70; EUR 35 for minors accompanied by parents[211]
Spain EUR 583.74 – minimum amount at the disposal (for stays of up to 10 days); EUR 64.86 per day in excess of 10 days.[212]
Sweden SEK 450 per day
Switzerland CHF 100 per day; CHF 30 for students

Netherlands exempts visitors from Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, United States and Vatican City from holding proof of sufficient funds and return tickets.[213] Romania requires visitors from the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine to hold a medical insurance covering the period of stay. Romania also exempts visitors from Australia, Canada, South Korea and the United States from holding proof of sufficient funds and return tickets.[214]

Visa policy of candidate states

Countries applying to join the European Union are obliged to adopt the EU's visa policy no later than three months before they formally join the Union.[215] Schengen countries give visa-free access to nationals of all European Union candidate and applicant states except Turkey.[216] Macedonia grants 90 day visa-free entry to all Schengen Annex II nationalities, with some additions, while Montenegro and Serbia still require visas from some Annex II nationalities while having visa-free agreements with some additional countries. In addition to requiring visas from some Annex II countries, Turkey still requires visas from some Schengen states,[217] Albania allows citizens of all countries who do not require a Schengen visa to enter Albania due to their visa liberalization with Schengen area.[218]

Visa-free stays involving paid activity in the Schengen Area

Below is a table of Schengen countries which permit nationals of Annex II countries and territories to enter the country on a 90-day visa-free period of stay with the intention of working in the country during that period.[45][219][220][221][222] Nonetheless, some Schengen countries which permit certain Annex II nationals to work during their visa-free stay may still require them to obtain a work permit (either in advance or on arrival).

The table below includes Romania (which applies the Schengen Area's visa list), but excludes states which do not allow any Annex II nationals to work during their visa-free stay, namely: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Malta and Portugal.

Nationality Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Italy Lithuania Hungary Poland Romania Slovenia Slovakia Sweden Iceland Norway Switzerland
 Albania[Note 1] No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
 Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Antigua and Barbuda Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Bahamas Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Barbados Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[Note 1] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
 Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Brunei Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Colombia ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
 Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Dominica ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Grenada ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 Guatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Hong Kong[Note 2] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Macau[Note 3] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Macedonia[Note 1] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
 Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Mauritius Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Moldova[Note 1][128][129] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Montenegro[Note 1] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
 New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Nicaragua Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Palau ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
 Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Saint Lucia ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Samoa ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Serbia[Note 1][Note 5] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
 Seychelles Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
 Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 South Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Taiwan[Note 6][27][223][Note 7] No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
 Timor-Leste ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 Tonga ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
 Trinidad and Tobago ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 United Arab Emirates ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
 United States[Note 14] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Uruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
 Vanuatu ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
  Vatican City Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Venezuela Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
Nationality Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Italy Lithuania Hungary Poland Romania Slovenia Slovakia Sweden Iceland Norway Switzerland

Validity for other countries

Schengen visas that are valid for further travel are accepted as substitute visas for national visas in following countries:

  •  Albania — 90 days; must hold a multiple entry C visa or D visa used to enter the Schengen Area at least once.
  •  Antigua and Barbuda — 30 days; USD 100 visa waiver fee applies.
  •  Belarus — 3 days; for nationals of China only.
  •  Bulgaria — 90 days; must hold a double or multiple entry C visa valid for the period of stay.
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina — 15 days; must hold a multiple entry visa.[224]
  •  Colombia — 90 days;
  •  Costa Rica — 30 days or less if the visa is about to expire; must hold a multiple entry visa.
  •  Croatia — 90 days; must hold a double or multiple entry C visa valid for the period of stay.
  •  Cyprus — 90 days; must hold a double or multiple entry C visa valid for the period of stay.
  •  Dominican Republic — 90 days;
  •  El Salvador — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
  •  Georgia — 90 days within any 180 day period;
  •  Guatemala — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
  •  Honduras — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
  •  Jamaica — 30 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
  •  Macedonia — 15 days; must hold a C visa valid for at least 5 days beyond the period of stay and must be valid for reentry to any of the Schengen Area member states.
  •  Montenegro — 30 days;
  •  Nicaragua — 90 days; not applicable to all nationalities.
  •  Panama — 30/180 days; must hold a visa valid for at least 2 more entries.
  •  Philippines — 7 days; for nationals of China and India only.
  •  Romania — 90 days; must hold a double or multiple entry C visa valid for the period of stay.
  •  Sao Tome and Principe — 15 days;
  •  Serbia — 90 days;
  •  Turkey — certain nationalities can obtain an electronic Turkish visa if holding a valid Schengen visa.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Holders of biometric passports only.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Persons holding a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport. See also British National (Overseas) for persons residing in Hong Kong holding a form of British nationality.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Persons holding a Macau Special Administrative Region passport.
  4. ↑ Cook Islanders, Niueans and Tokelauans also use New Zealand passports.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Visas are required from Serbian citizens holding passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 The visa waivers granted by the European Union, the United Kingdom and Ireland to Taiwan passport holders have not altered the European Union member states' non-recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign country. For this reason, Taiwan is listed in Annex II by the European Commission under the heading "entities and territorial authorities that are not recognised as states by at least one member state", by Bulgaria as "China, Taipei" (mfa.bg) and by Romania under the heading "Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China"(mae.ro).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Only for holders with their personal ID numbers stipulated in their respective passports. Taiwan issues passports without ID numbers to some persons not having the right to reside in Taiwan, including nationals without household registration and certain persons from Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China.[25][26]
  8. ↑ Fantasy passports are either "Passports" issued by minorities, sects and population groups; or identity documents, etc., issued by private organisations and individuals. Camouflage passports are passports issued in the name of former States no longer in existence.[68]
  9. ↑ An airport transit visa is only required for Russians when transiting through a French airport having arrived from an airport in Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Moldova, Turkey, or Ukraine.
  10. ↑ Black list of passport types where a visa is required for entry, corresponding to Annex I of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001.[91]
  11. ↑ White list of passport types whose bearers can enter the Schengen area without a visa, corresponding to Annex II of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001.[91]
  12. ↑ Transit list of passport types where a visa is required not only for entry, but also for airport transit, corresponding to Annex IV of Council regulation No. 810/2009.[74]
  13. ↑ Strictly speaking, full reciprocity has not been achieved with Israel as German citizens born before 1 January 1928 need a visa for Israel. The German government, however, has apparently avoided reporting this fact to the European Commission.
  14. ↑ The entry Mariana Islands has been removed from the "visa required" list on 11 January 2011. As there is no Northern Mariana Islands citizenship in contrast to the United States citizenship, this entry produced no effects.

References

  1. ↑ Schengen Visa. Belgian government website: List of third countries whose nationals are exempt from the visa requirement (in French). General visa information for Czech Republic. Danish visa rules. Visiting Estonia. Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland. Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements. Visas for Greece. Consular Services – Hungary. Visas for Iceland. Visa for Italy. Consular information for Latvia. Consular information for Lithuania. VISAS & Immigration for Luxembourg. Travelling to Malta. Visa for the Netherlands. Visa for Norway. Visa for Poland. Visa Information for Portugal. Consular information and travel visa for Slovakia. Entry into the Republic of Slovenia and the Schengen Area. Information for Foreigners for Spain. Visiting Sweden. Information for Entry to Switzerland
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Summary of the Directive 2004/38/EC Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie ([1])
  8. ↑ Article 27 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  9. ↑ Article 28 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  10. ↑ Article 29 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  11. ↑ Articles 3(1) and 5(2) of the of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  12. ↑ As listed in Annex II of the Council Regulation 539/2001.
  13. ↑ As listed in annex I of the Council Regulation 539/2001.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Visa requirements overview
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 [2] Romania, Ministry of foreign Affairs. Retrieved May 2015
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Your Europe: Non-EU family members
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 embassy – Visas
  20. ↑ High Commission of the Republic of Cyprus in London – Visa Information
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Romania Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Do I need a visa to come to Romania? Conditions of travelling to Romania
  22. ↑ Consolidated version of Council regulation No. 539/2001, as of 11 January 2011
  23. ↑ Provisional application as from 3 December 2015 until ratification.
  24. ↑ Provisional application as from 8 December 2015 until ratification.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. English translation available from the Bureau of Consular Affairs.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Provisional application as from 21 November 2015 until ratification.
  29. ↑ Ministry: Visa-Free Travel To Schengen Nations
  30. ↑ Officially referred to as "BRITISH CITIZENS WHO ARE NOT NATIONALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND FOR THE PURPOSES OF UNION LAW: British nationals (Overseas), British overseas territories citizens (BOTC) British overseas citizens (BOC) British protected persons (BPP) and British subjects (BS)'." REGULATION (EU) No 509/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Article 1(5)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code), the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, Council Regulations (EC) No 1683/95 and (EC) No 539/2001 and Regulations (EC) No 767/2008 and (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 29 June 2013, p. 1. Prior to Regulation (EU) No 610/2013, in response to an Ad-hoc Query by the European Migration Network), the national agencies responsible for border control in 9 Member States confirmed that Annex II nationals holding residence permits or long-stay visas would be entitled to stay for a further period of three months without a visa upon the expiration of the residence permit/long-stay visa. However, following the entry in force of Article 1(5)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 on 18 October 2013, all Annex II nationals holding residence permits or long-stay visas issued by a Schengen member state are entitled automatically to stay for a further period of three months without a visa upon the expiration of the residence permit/long-stay visa (the conditions of a visa-free stay would apply to this period of three months after the expiration of the residence permit/long-stay visa, rather than the conditions of stay associated with the residence permit/long-stay visa).
  32. ↑ [3]
  33. ↑ Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand: Frequently Asked Questions
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 NZ Government Safetravel travel tips – travel to Europe
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic: Entering the Czech Republic, duties, length of stay – Bilateral agreements on visa-free relations
  39. ↑ Note that, additionally, the old method of calculating the length of the visa-free stay (i.e. 3 months within 6 months instead of 90 days in any 180 day period) still applies to citizens of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Paraguay in the Czech Republic.
  40. ↑ Bilateral Visa Agreements
  41. ↑ http://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/visa/Visa_free_travel.htm
  42. ↑ See The Council of the European Union: Replies to the questionnaire on the Presidency project for a system of electronic recording of entry and exit dates of third-country nationals in the Schengen area (PDF), pg 43.
  43. ↑ Article 5 of the Schengen Borders Code (OJ L 105, 13 April 2006, p. 1).
  44. ↑ 94/795/JHA: Council Decision of 30 November 1994 on a joint action adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3.2.b of the Treaty on European Union concerning travel facilities for school pupils from third countries resident in a Member State
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Information pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Travel Information for Foreign Visitors – Entry Regulations for Cyprus
  47. ↑ Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code), Article 16
  48. ↑ List of notifications of bilateral agreements under Article 19 of Local Border Traffic Regulation
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 21 March 2013, Case C‑254/11, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Rendőrkapitányság Záhony Határrendészeti Kirendeltsége v Oskar Shomodi: Judgement & Press release
  51. ↑ 5 years in Schengen for Russians
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Article 12(2) of the Schengen Convention.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Article 9 of the Schengen Visa Code
  55. ↑ Article 15 of the Preamble of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Handbook for the organisation of visa sections and local Schengen cooperation, p.21
  57. ↑ Article 13 of the Schengen Visa Code
  58. ↑ Article 23 of the Schengen Visa Code
  59. ↑ Article 7.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
  60. ↑ Article 7.5 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Complete statistics on short-stay visas issued by the Schengen States
  62. ↑ Article 16 of the Schengen Visa Code
  63. ↑ Commission Decision establishing the Handbook for the organisation of visa sections and local Schengen cooperation
  64. ↑ Article 39 and Annex X of the Schengen Visa Code
  65. ↑ Article 1.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
  66. ↑ Romanian minister: Non-EU citizens don't need visa to enter Romania if they already have a Schengen visa
  67. ↑ Issued by Romania, Cyprus, Croatia transit, short-stay visas to be recognised by Bulgaria
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Visa statistics for consulates, 2014
  70. ↑ Non-EU nationals residing in the UK who are under the visa obligation.
  71. ↑ Visa facilitation agreements
  72. ↑ Cooperation with non-EU countries on readmission of irregular migrants
  73. ↑ Article 25 of the Schengen Visa Code
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Council regulation No. 810/2009 of 13 July 2009, Annex IV Council of the European Union
  75. ↑ General Visa Regulations To Denmark
  76. ↑ Formin.finland.fi
  77. ↑ Ocma.gov.lv
  78. ↑ Washington.polemb.net
  79. ↑ Mzz.gov.si
  80. ↑ Swedenabroad.com
  81. ↑ 81.00 81.01 81.02 81.03 81.04 81.05 81.06 81.07 81.08 81.09 81.10 81.11 81.12 81.13 81.14 81.15 List of third countries whose nationals are required to be in possession of an airport transit visa when passing through the international transit area of airports situated on the territory of one/some Member States (as of 26 December 2013). Retrieved 26 December 2013 via the European Commission website on visa policy
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  83. ↑ [4]
  84. ↑ Eesti.at, Estland Holiday Navigator
  85. ↑ What visa do I need to transit through an airport in France? France Diplomatie (French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs)
  86. ↑ Transit Visa Country List [Welcome to germany.info]
  87. ↑ General information for entering Hungary, a member of the Schengen Area Consulate-general of the republic of Hungary in New Zealand
  88. ↑ Consular Service Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 August 2010
  89. ↑ Issuance of visas Migracijos Departamentas (Lithuanian Republic)
  90. ↑ List 2: ID and visa provisions – particularities regardless of nationality (version of 10 February 2012) Swiss Federal Office for Migration
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Consolidated version of regulation 539/2001 as of 2011-01-11
  92. ↑ Information pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
  93. ↑ Annex 5 - Information on national derogations from the visa requirements
  94. ↑ [5]
  95. ↑ [6]
  96. ↑ [7]
  97. ↑ [8]
  98. ↑ [9]
  99. ↑ [10]
  100. ↑ [11]
  101. ↑ [12]
  102. ↑ [13]
  103. ↑ [14]
  104. ↑ [15]
  105. ↑ [16]
  106. ↑ [17]
  107. ↑ [18]
  108. ↑ [19]
  109. ↑ [20]
  110. ↑ [21]
  111. ↑ [22]
  112. ↑ [23]
  113. ↑ [24]
  114. ↑ [25]
  115. ↑ [26]
  116. ↑ [27]
  117. ↑ [28]
  118. ↑ [29]
  119. ↑ [30]
  120. ↑ [31]
  121. ↑ [32]
  122. ↑ [33]
  123. ↑ [34]
  124. ↑ [35]
  125. ↑ EU Gives Moldovans 'Action Plan' For Visa-Free Travel, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (24 January 2010)
  126. ↑ Lithuanian minister: EU, Moldova may shift to visa-free travel in early 2014
  127. ↑ [36]
  128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  130. ↑ EU signs visa waiver agreement with the United Arab Emirates
  131. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the United Arab Emirates on the short-stay visa waiver
  132. ↑ EU signs visa waiver agreement with Timor Leste
  133. ↑ EU signs visa waiver agreements with 7 ACP countries
  134. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Kingdom of Tonga on the short-stay visa waiver
  135. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Kingdom of Tonga on the short-stay visa waiver
  136. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Palau on the short-stay visa waiver
  137. ↑ Let citizens of Colombia, Peru and UAE visit EU without visas, say MEPs
  138. ↑ European Parliament backs visa-free travel for UAE citizens
  139. ↑ European Union opens doors to 16 island nations
  140. ↑ Lithuanian Presidency reaches agreement on visa-free travel for citizens of 19 countries
  141. ↑ EU, Ukraine Agree On 'Road Map' For Visa-Free Travel, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (22 November 2010)
  142. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  143. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  145. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  146. ↑ http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/99501/indonesian-government-proposes-free-schengen-visa
  147. ↑ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/28/france-support-ri-s-schengen-visa-free-proposal.html
  148. ↑ http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/09/29/055704744/France-Appreciate-Indonesias-Commitment-on-Climate-Change
  149. ↑ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/10/01/kalla-meets-luxembourg-pm-dutch-queen.html
  150. ↑ http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/101270/indonesia-finland-to-explore-renewable-energy-cooperation
  151. ↑ http://news.detik.com/berita/3063396/hongaria-dukung-indonesia-dapatkan-bebas-visa-schengen
  152. ↑ http://waspada.co.id/warta/dubes-harapkan-jokowi-kunjungi-swiss/
  153. ↑ http://www.antaranews.com/berita/527525/indonesia-usul-bebas-visa-schengen-untuk-wni
  154. ↑ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/11/05/indonesia-proposes-schengen-visa-waiver.html
  155. ↑ http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/11/05/055716154/Indonesia-Proposes-Schengen-Visa-Exemption-to-EU
  156. ↑ [37], Europa.eu (14 June 2012)
  157. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  158. ↑ Kosovo hits out at EU for not relaxing visa requirement
  159. ↑ Kosovo won't enjoy visa liberalization in 2016
  160. ↑ Statement by President Barroso at the press conference following the EU-Russia Summit Press conference Brussels, 15 December 2011, Europa.eu (15 December 2011)
  161. ↑ http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/06/eu-suspends-talks-on-visa-free-travel-with-russia-and-threatens-further-/
  162. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  163. ↑ Latvia hopeful talks of Turkey's EU bid will continue
  164. ↑ [38]
  165. ↑ Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing a Registered Traveller Programme
  166. ↑ Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES) to register entry and exit data of third country nationals crossing the external borders of the Member States of the European Union
  167. ↑ Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (OJ L 347, 20/12/2013, p. 74–80).
  168. ↑ The details of the procedure are set out in Articles 1(4) of Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 as amended by Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013(OJ L 347, 20/12/2013, p. 74–80).
  169. ↑ Notifications concerning visa reciprocity
  170. ↑ Report from the Commission to the Council on visa waiver reciprocity with certain third countries (10 January 2006)
  171. ↑ EU Visa policy reports
  172. ↑ 172.0 172.1 172.2 First reciprocity report, January 2006
  173. ↑ 173.0 173.1 Second reciprocity report, October 2006
  174. ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 Third reciprocity report, September 2007
  175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 175.2 Fourth reciprocity report, September 2008
  176. ↑ 176.0 176.1 Fifth reciprocity report, October 2009
  177. ↑ Eliminarea obligativităţii deţinerii vizei de intrare pe teritoriul statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene pentru resortisanţii taiwanezi: "Intrarea în vigoare a acestui Regulament asigură extinderea la 90 de zile de la data intrării a dreptului de şedere fără viză în Taiwan pentru cetăţenii statelor membre Schengen precum şi pentru cetăţenii din România, Bulgaria şi Cipru ca urmare a unei decizii unilaterale adoptată la Taipei."
  178. ↑ Visa-Exempt Entry, BOCA.gov.tw
  179. ↑ Consilium.europa.eu, Council of the European Union.
  180. ↑ 180.0 180.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  181. ↑ 181.0 181.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  182. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  183. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  184. ↑ [39]
  185. ↑ Extension of the Visa-waiver program for Romanian citizens travelling to Japan
  186. ↑ Canada-EU trade: Ambassador confident visa concerns from Romania, Bulgaria will be resolved
  187. ↑ Visa snag looms as Harper heralds end of Canada-EU deal
  188. ↑ http://www.novinite.com/articles/163732/EU+Envoy+Confident+Canada+Working+to+Resolve+Bulgaria+Visa+Concerns
  189. ↑ [40]
  190. ↑ Federal Foreign Office of Germany: Table of countries whose citizens require/do not require visas to enter Germany
  191. ↑ Consulate-General of the Republic of Hungary in New Zealand: General information for entering Hungary, a member of the Schengen Area
  192. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands: Countries whose nationals do NOT require an MVV for a stay of more than 90 days
  193. ↑ Federal Office of Migration: List 1: Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality (version of 4 December 2011)
  194. ↑ Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 December 2004 on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service (L 375/12, 23 December 2004)
  195. ↑ Report from the Commisison to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2004/114/EC ([41])
  196. ↑ Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 March 2010 amending the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement and Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 as regards movement of persons with a long-stay visa (OJ L 85, 31 March 2010, p. 1)
  197. ↑ Council Directive 2003/109/EC concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (OJ L 16, 23 January 2004, p.44).
  198. ↑ Visas de long séjour pour la France – Service-public.fr
  199. ↑ Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand: Frequently Asked Questions
  200. ↑ Annex 25 – Reference amounts required for the crossing of the external border fixed by national authorities
  201. ↑ [42]
  202. ↑ Article 19(5) of the Ordinance on the terms and the procedure for the issuing of visas, adopted by Council of Ministers Decree No 97/11.05.2002
  203. ↑ Act No 326/1999 Sb. on Residence of Aliens in the Territory of the Czech Republic and Amendments of Some Acts
  204. ↑ Article 15(2) of the Residence Ac t of 30 July 2004
  205. ↑ Aliens' Act (301/2004, paragraph 11)
  206. ↑ Minimum wage equivalent.
  207. ↑ Common Ministerial Decision No 3021/22/10- f of 24 December 2007
  208. ↑ Decree No 25/2001. (XI. 21.) of the Minister of Interior
  209. ↑ Regulation of the Minister for Internal Affairs and Administration of 22 December 2008 on the means of subsistence that an alien entering the territory of the Republic of Poland should possess and on the documentation confirming the ability to access such means (Journal of Laws 2008, No 235, item 1611)
  210. ↑ Article 4 of the Act No 48/2002 Coll. on Stay of Aliens and on amendment of certain acts as amended
  211. ↑ Instructions on refusing entry to aliens, conditions for issuing visas at border crossings, conditions for issuing visas for humanitarian reasons and procedure for revoking visas (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 2/01)
  212. ↑ Order of the Ministry of the Presidency (PRE/1282/2007)
  213. ↑ Visa Information – Additional information, Timatic
  214. ↑ Visa Information – Additional information, Timatic
  215. ↑ Russians, Ukrainians, Turks need visa for Croatia
  216. ↑ Visa free travel for citizens of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia before Christmas
  217. ↑ Visa Information For Foreigners
  218. ↑ [43]
  219. ↑ http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/documents/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/docs/en_information_539-2001.xlsx
  220. ↑ France Diplomatie: Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements
  221. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  222. ↑ Annex 1, list 1: nationality Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality
  223. ↑ Consilium.europa.eu
  224. ↑ Visas for Bosnia and Herzegovina

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