Pantherinae
| Pantherinae[1] |
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| Tiger (Panthera tigris) | |
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Pantherinae
Pocock, 1917
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| Pantherinae ranges: green - Panthera, teal - Panthera uncia, orange - Neofelis |
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Pantherinae is a subfamily of the Felidae named and first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1917.[2]
Characteristics
In pantherine cats, the suspensorium of the hyoid is imperfectly ossified. Its inferior portion consists of an elastic tendon, which confers great mobility upon the larynx.[2] Due to this tendon, pantherine cats can distend the back of the mouth greatly. The structure of the hyoid allows them to roar.[3] The rhinarium is flat and, at most, only barely reaches the dorsal side of the nose. The area between the nostrils is narrow and not extended sidewards as in the Felinae.[4]
Taxonomy
Pocock defined this subfamily as comprising the genera Panthera and Neofelis.[2]
Pantherine species include:[1]
- Genus Panthera
- Tiger (P. tigris)
- Lion (P. leo)
- Jaguar (P. onca)
- Leopard (P. pardus)
- Snow leopard (P. uncia)[5]
- †Longdan tiger (P. zdanskyi)[6]
- Genus Neofelis[7]
- Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)
- Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)
Evolution
The divergence of Pantherinae from Felinae has been estimated to have occurred between six and ten million years ago.[8] DNA analysis suggests that the snow leopard Uncia uncia is basal to the entire Pantherinae and should be renamed Panthera uncia. There is also evidence of distinct markers for the mitochondrial genome for Felidae.[5][9]
Another DNA-based study has suggested that the branching order was Panthera tigris first, followed by P. onca, P. leo, and the last two sister species: P. pardus and P. uncia.[10]
References
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pocock, R. I. (1917). The Classification of existing Felidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8, Volume XX: 329–350.
- ↑ Pocock, R. I. (1939). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. Taylor and Francis, London.
- ↑ Hemmer, H. (1966). Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae). Teil I. [Researching the phylogenetic history of the Pantherinae. Part I.] Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München 11: 1–121.
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- ↑ Yu, L., Zhang, Y. P. (2005). Phylogenetic studies of pantherine cats (Felidae) based on multiple genes, with novel application of nuclear beta fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores. Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 35(2): 483–495.
