Cape genet

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Cape genet
Large-spotted Genet (Genetta tigrina) (17170502179).jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Viverridae
Genus:
Genetta
Species:
G. tigrina
Binomial name
Genetta tigrina
(Schreber, 1778)

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The Cape genet (Genetta tigrina), also known as the South African large-spotted genet, is a small carnivoran endemic to South Africa. As it is common and not threatened, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.[1] Like other genets, it is nocturnal and arboreal, preferring to live in the riparian zones of forests, as long as these are not marshy areas.[2]

Characteristics

The Cape genet is ash grey with brown irregular spots and a black stripe along the spine. Its muzzle is white, and it has white spots below the eye. Its ears are grey. Its tail is black and white banded with a black tip.[3] Some individuals living in areas with more than 375 mm (14.8 in) annual precipitation are darker than individuals from drier areas.[4]

Measurements of adult males range from 460 to 580 mm (18 to 23 in) in head and body with a 390 to 459 cm (154 to 181 in) long tail and a weight of 1.6 to 2.1 kg (3.5 to 4.6 lb). Adult females range from 427 to 560 cm (168 to 220 in) in head and body with a 385 to 432 mm (15.2 to 17.0 in) long tail and a weight of 1.36 to 1.870 kg (3.00 to 4.12 lb).[5]

Like in all Viverrinae, its dental formula is: 3.1.4.23.1.4.2.[6] Like all genets, it has musk glands and anal sacs.[7]

It differs from other genets by a short dorsal crest and poorly spotted hind legs, which are dark at the back.[8][9]

Distribution and habitat

Cape genets are distributed from the Western Cape of South Africa to KwaZulu-Natal, south of 32°S, and to the Lesotho border.[1] They live in moist environments near streams, rivers and standing water, in lowland and mountain fynbos, where vegetation cover is high.[5] They are the most widely distributed and common carnivores in KwaZulu-Natal. They rest in large trees, rock overhangs and caves.[10]

Ecology and behaviour

Cape genets have been recorded solitary, and mostly at night. During the day, they rest in trees high above the ground. They are both terrestrial and arboreal, but hunt and feed on the ground.[5] They mark by depositing a secretion from the anal sac.[4] It is unknown whether they are territorial.[10] They use latrine sites to defecate.[11]

Cape genets become active after dark to search for prey. Combining speed and stealth, they dash forward in an elusive fashion, broken up by short pauses. They hiss and growl in stressful situations. Olfactory communication is most likely very important in the life of Cape genets, their social environment and life cycle. When walking on branches, they stay low and laterally swing their legs out so that any misstep is easily correctable.[12]

Feeding ecology

Cape genets feed mostly on rodents such as African vlei rats, rock rats, mice and birds. Also seeds, leaves and grass was found in their stomachs, as well as beetles, grasshoppers, crickets, locusts and termites.[4][5] They find most of their prey in low bushes and leaf litter, including African climbing mice, multimammate mice and African dormice. They are considered to be opportunistic omnivores, since they also catch and feed on insects, spiders, scorpions, and scavenge fish on the beach. Eating grass may aid digestion, dislodge hair in the intestines, induce vomiting to get rid of ingested toxins, relieve throat inflammation and stomach irritation. Birds appear to not be prevalent their diet.[2]

Reproduction

Cape genets apparently mate during the warm summer months. Pregnant females were observed in September to November.[4][5] Two young weighed 70 g at birth.[5]

A captive breeding pair regularly had litters of two young.[11] Gestation periods last about 70 days. Females make nests in hollow trees, in holes or among boulders. The young open their eyes 10 days after birth, their canine teeth break through at the age of four weeks. They are weaned at about 2.5 months and hunt on their own when about seven months old.[13]

Captive Cape genets lived for 15 years.[14]

Threats

Cape genet in captivity

Cape genets face no major threats. As they sometimes kill poultry, they are killed in retaliation by farmers.[15]

Conservation

Cape genets have been recorded in dozens of protected areas. Outside reserves they are unprotected, and not listed in the South African Red Data Book nor any CITES appendices.[10]

Cape genets as pets

Cape genets are one of the genet species kept as exotic pets.[16]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Roberts, P., M. Somers, R. White, J. Nel. (2007). Diet of the South African large-spotted genet Genetta tigrina (Carnivora, Viverridae) in a coastal dune forest. Acta Theriologica 52(1): 45–53.
  3. ↑ Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). Viverra tigrina. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Walther, Erlangen.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Rautenbach, I. L. (1978). The Mammals of the Transvaal. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor Philosophiae. University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Stuart, C. T. (1981). Notes on the mammalian carnivores of the Cape Province, South Africa. Bontebok 1: 1–58.
  6. ↑ Ewer, R. F. (1973). The Carnivores. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
  7. ↑ Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
  8. ↑ Gaubert, P., Véron, G., Tranier, M. (2001). An investigation of morpho-anatomical characters within the genus Genetta (Carnivora, Viverridae) with a remark on Osbornictis, the aquatic genet. Symposium International sur les Petits Mammifères Africains, Julliet 1999, Paris. Pp.81–89.
  9. ↑ Gaubert, P., Taylor, P. J., & Veron, G. (2005). Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic systematics of the genets (Carnivora, Viverridae, Genetta): a new classification of the most speciose carnivoran genus in Africa. In: Huber, B. A., Sinclair, B. J., Lampe, K.-H. (eds.) African Biodiversity: Molecules, Organisms, Ecosystems. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Tropical Biology, Museum König, Bonn. Springer. Pp. 371–383.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Rowe-Rowe, D. T. (1992). Genetta tigrina Large-spotted Genet. In: The carnivores of Natal. Natal Parks Board, Pietermaritzburg.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Natural History Collections Department of Iziko Museums of South Africa. (2000). Biodiversity Explorer: Genetta tigrina.
  13. ↑ Skinner, J. D., Smithers, R. H. N. (1990). The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion. University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
  14. ↑ Gaubert, P. (2013). Genetta tigrina Cape Genet. In: J. Kingdon and M. Hoffmann (eds.) The Mammals of Africa. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses, pp. 247–249. Bloomsbury, London, UK.
  15. ↑ Stuart, C. T. (1990). The conservation status of mustelids and viverrids in Southern Africa. Small Carnivore Conservation 3: 16.
  16. ↑ Van Rompaey, H., & Colyn, M. (1998). A new servaline genet (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Zanzibar island. South African Journal of Zoology 33(1): 42–46.

External links

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