Międzyrzec Podlaski

Międzyrzec Podlaski
Main Square Main Square
Flag of Międzyrzec Podlaski Flag Coat of arms of Międzyrzec Podlaski Coat of arms
Międzyrzec Podlaski
Coordinates:
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lublin
County	Biała Podlaska
Gmina	Międzyrzec Podlaski (urban gmina)
Established	12th century
Town rights	15th century
Government
• Mayor	Zbigniew Kot
Area
• Total	20.03 km2 (7.73 sq mi)
Elevation	148 m (486 ft)
Population (2006)
• Total	17,162
• Density	860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	21-560
Area code(s)	+48 83
Car plates	LBI
Website	http://www.miedzyrzec.pl

Międzyrzec Podlaski [mʲɛnˈd͡zɨʐɛt͡s pɔdˈlaskʲi] is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with the population of 17,162 inhabitants as of 2006. The total area of the city is 20.03 square kilometres (7.73 sq mi). Międzyrzec is located near the Krzna river, not far from the border with Belarus.

History of Międzyrzec Podlaski

The first official mention of Międzyrzec Podlaski as a town dates back to 1434, or (alternatively) 1455 and 1477 according to different historical sources. At that time, the newly established town was located along a busy merchant route from Lukow to Brzesc nad Bugiem. Międzyrzec quickly developed: in 1486, a Roman Catholic church was built here, and town’s owner, Jan Nassutowicz, received permission for fairs. In 1598, a salt warehouse was opened, the town also was center of beer industry.

The period of peace and prosperity ended in 1648, when Miedzyrzec was raided by Zaporozhian Cossacks. During the Swedish invasion of Poland, the town was ransacked and burned by Swedes, who returned in 1706 and 1708, during the Great Northern War. Furthermore, Międzyrzecz was raided by Russians in 1660.

In 1795, following the Partitions of Poland, the town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire. From 1809 until 1815, it belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw, and after Napoleonic Wars to Congress Poland under the control of the Russian Tsar. In 1867 it became a stop on the Polish railway system. By that time, Miedzyrzec was an important center of Greek Catholic Church: in 1772, Duke August Aleksander Czartoryski founded here Unite Church of St. Peter and Paul. Since mid-19th century, government of Russian-controlled Congress Poland initiated the process of Russification, aimed at the Uniates. As a result, two local Uniate churches were turned into Orthodox (1875).

Already since the 16th century Międzyrzec was home to a large Jewish community. At the end of the 1930s in the reborn Polish Republic approximately 12,000 inhabitants, or ¾ of its population, were Jewish.

World War II

In 1939, during the Nazi–Soviet Invasion of Poland, the city was overrun by Wehrmacht on 13 September 1939, and ceded to the Russians on 25 September, in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Two weeks later, it was transferred back to Germany after the new Boundary Treaty. In 1940 six separate slave-labor camps were set up by the Nazis for some 2,000 local Jews; along with Judenrat, and the Jewish police.

The German army entered the Soviet occupation zone on 22 June 1941 under the codename Operation Barbarossa. More Jews from the surrounding area including expellees from Kraków were shipped in. On 19 April 1942 the Jews were ordered by the Gestapo to turn over 50 kilograms (110 pounds) of gold within 3 days. Some 40 hostages were murdered on the streets. On 25–26 August 1942, the first mass deportation of Jews from Międzyrzec took place with around 10,000 prisoners forcibly put on 52 cattle cars (shipment #566 according to the German inventory) and sent to Treblinka extermination camp. Two days later, the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto was established under the management of Judenrat. Several more mass deportation actions followed. On 17 July 1943, the ghetto was officially liquidated, along with the local transit camp. Fewer than 1% of the Jewish population of the city survived the Nazi mass executions and deportations to death camps.

Economy

Of the approximately 4,900 employed citizens of the city, ca. 36% work in industrial fields, 19% in trade markets, and 11% in education. The unemployment rate in the city was 22% in October 2005.

The town lies at the intersection of two important national roads: DK2 (Poland's main east-west connector) and DK19. In the future Expressway S19 will run just west of the town. A 6.6 km (4.10 mi) section of it already constructed as the town's bypass road and opened in 2008 allows north-south traffic on DK19 road to avoid the town centre.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Międzyrzec Podlaski is referred to by various names in different languages including Yiddish: מעזריטש‎ Mezri'tsh, Latin: Meserici, Belarusian: Міжрэчча, German: Meseritz, Latvian: Meņdzižeca Podlaska, Lithuanian: Palenkės Mendzyžecas, and Ukrainian: Межиріччя.

Not to be confused with Mezhirich or Mezhirichi.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Międzyrzec Podlaski is twinned with:

• Thouars, France
• Kobryn, Belarus

Notable people

File:Międzyrzec podlaski pomnik bohaterów miasta orzeł.jpg

Monument to victims of 1918 German massacre in Międzyrzec during liberation of Poland in World War One

• Jan Brożek
• Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
• August Aleksander Czartoryski
• Konstanty Adam Czartoryski
• Yehoshua Leib Diskin
• Morris Michael Edelstein
• Judah David Eisenstein
• Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
• Jacob ben Wolf Kranz
• Kazimierz Kierzkowski
• Ryszard Kornacki
• Sława Przybylska
• Franciszek Stefaniuk
• Stanisław Żmijan
• Rabbi Yitzhak Yaakov Wachtfogel (in Hebrew)
• Samson Zelig Rubinstein

External links

• Międzyrzec Podlaski Home Page (in Polish)
• Portal of young people of Międzyrzec Podlaski
• Międzyrzec Podlaski Amateur Photography Board (in Polish)
• International Jewish Cemetery Project article (in English)
• Jewish Encyclopedia article (1906) (in English)
• Jewish Virtual Library article (in English)