List of presidents of the Oxford Union
Past elected presidents of the Oxford Union are listed below, with their college and the year/term in which they served. Iterum indicates that a person was serving a second term as president (which is not possible under the current Union rules).
Contents
Key to colleges
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- All Souls
- Balliol
- Brasenose
- Christ Church
- Corpus Christi
- Exeter
- Green Templeton
- Harris Manchester
- Hertford
- Jesus
- Keble
- Kellogg
- Lady Margaret Hall
- Linacre
- File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Lincoln
- Magdalen
- Mansfield
- Merton
- New College
- Nuffield
- Oriel
- Pembroke
- Queen's
- Regent's Park
- 12px Reuben
- Somerville
- St Anne's
- St Antony's
- St Catherine's
- St Cross
- St Edmund Hall
- St Hilda's
- St Hugh's
- St John's
- St Peter's
- Trinity
- University
- Wadham
- Wolfson
- Worcester
Presidents of the United Debating Society
These are the Presidents as listed[1]
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- 1823
- 1824
- R. C. Dallas
- E. Vernon-Harcourt
- Harry Vane
- T. F. Hodges[lower-alpha 1]
- Henry Baring
- Viscount Mahon
- C. Des Voeux[lower-alpha 2]
- James Stuart-Wortley
- Robert Wilberforce
- Digby Wrangham
- A. J. Lewis[lower-alpha 3]
- Hassard Hume Dodgson[lower-alpha 4]
- John Talbot
- 1825
Presidents of the Oxford Union Society
1826–1850
These are the presidents as listed:[1][12][13]
1850–1875
1875–1900
1900–1925
1925–1950
1950–1975
1975–2000
Year | Michaelmas | Hilary | Trinity |
---|---|---|---|
1975–76 | David Soskin[105] | Andrew Bell[105] | Colin Moynihan[105] |
1976–77 | Richard Norton[105] | Benazir Bhutto[105] | Victoria Schofield[105] |
1977–78 | Damian Green[105] | Nicholas O'Shaughnessy[105] | John Harrison[105] |
1978–79 | Daniel Moylan[105] | Alan Duncan[105] | File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Philip May[105] |
1979–80 | Michael Crick[105] | Warwick Lightfoot[105] | Nicholas Prettejohn[105] |
1980–81 | Rupert Soames[105] | Andrew Sutcliffe[105] | Alexandra Jones[105] |
1981–82 | William Hague | Kevin Brennan[105] | Paul Thompson[105] |
1982–83 | Christopher Wortley[105] | Hilali Noordeen[105] | Andrew Sullivan[105] |
1983–84 | Neale Stevenson[105] | Malcolm Bull[105] | Melvyn Stride[105] |
1984–85 | Laurence Grafstein[105] | Roland Rudd[105] | Neil Sherlock[105] |
1985–86 | Anthony Goodman[105] | Jeya Wilson[105] | Boris Johnson[105] |
1986–87 | Angus McCullough[105] | Simon Stevens[105][113] | Jessica Pulay[105] |
1987–88 | Anthony Frieze[105] | Michael Gove[105] | Duncan Gray[105] |
1988–89 | Andrew McCulloch[105] | Adam Bruce[105] | Stefan Green[105] |
1989–90 | Diana Gerald[105] | Ed Lazarus[105] | Jeremy Quin[105] |
1990–91 | Melanie Johnson[105] | Oliver Campbell KC [105][114] | Damian Hinds[105] |
1991–92 | Nicholas Edgar[105] | Graeme Halkerston | File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Adrian Gannon |
1992–93 | Christopher Hall | James Robertson | Katherine Wade |
1993–94 | Toby Lewis | Kate Wilson | Peter Gowers |
1994–95 | Jeremy Green | Robert Palmer | David Pinto-Duschinsky |
1995–96 | Matt Guy | Jonathan Wolf | Paul Kenward |
1996–97 | Jenny Carter-Manning | Rob Harrington | Oli Evans |
1997–98 | Sam Gyimah | Clare Dixon | Ellie Blagbrough |
1998–99 | Helen Eastman | Theo Mills | Nicky Black |
1999–2000 | Ben Seifert | Lucy Aitkens | Jeff Bell |
2000–present
Year | Michaelmas | Hilary | Trinity |
---|---|---|---|
2000–01 | Richard Silcock | Nick Mason | Amy Harland |
2001–02 | Neil Mahapatra | Charlotte Keenan | Karen Price |
2002–03 | David Watson | Fraser Campbell | Ambrose Faulks |
2003–04 | Marcus Walker | Edward Tomlinson | Georgina Costa |
2004–05 | Ruzwana Bashir | Laura Poots | Richard Tydeman |
2005–06 | Chris Farmer | Sapana Agrawal | David Powell |
2006–07 | James Wise | Theo Roos | Alex Just |
2007–08 | Luke Tryl | Emily Partington | File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Ben Tansey |
2008–09 | Josh Roche[115] | Charlie Holt[115] | Corey Dixon[116] |
2009–10 | James Dray[117] | Stuart Cullen[115] | Laura Winwood[115] |
2010–11 | James Kingston[118] | James Langman[119] | Ashvir Sangha[120] |
2011–12 | Isabelle Westbury[120] | Lauren Pringle | Isabel Ernst |
2012–13 | Seung-yoon Lee[lower-alpha 33] | Maria Rioumine | Joseph D'Urso |
2013–14 | Parit Wacharasindhu | Polina Ivanova | Ben Sullivan |
2014–15 | Mayank Banerjee | Lisa Wehden | Olivia Merrett |
2015–16 | Charles Vaughan | Stuart Webber | Robert Harris |
2016–17 | File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Noah Lachs | Nikolay Koshikov | Michael Li |
2017–18 | Chris Zabilowicz | Laali Vadlamani[122] | Gui Cavalcanti[123] |
2018–19 | Stephen Horvath[124] | Daniel Wilkinson[125] | Genevieve Athis[126] |
2019–20 | Brendan McGrath[n 1][127] Sara Dube[128] (Acting) |
Sara Dube[128] | Mahi Joshi[129] |
2020–21 | Beatrice Barr[130] | James Price[lower-alpha 34] | Adam Roble[133] |
2021–22 | Chengkai Xie[134] | Molly Mantle[135] | Michael-Akolade Ayodeji[136] |
2022–23 | Ahmad Nawaz[137][lower-alpha 35] Charlie Mackintosh (Acting) |
Charlie Mackintosh[140] | Matthew Dick[141] |
2023–24 | Disha Hegde[142] | File:Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Hannah Edwards[143] | Louis Wilson[144][lower-alpha 36] |
2024–25 | Ebrahim Osman-Mowafy[149][lower-alpha 37] | Israr Khan[151][152] |
Other notable officeholders
The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury was Union Secretary in Michaelmas 1848.
Harold Macmillan was Secretary of the Union in Hilary 1914, then Junior Treasurer (elected unopposed, which was then very unusual) in Trinity 1914; but for the war he would "almost certainly" have been President.[153]
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was Treasurer in Trinity 1924.[154]
Humayun Kabir was Librarian in 1931.[154]
Roy Jenkins served as Librarian and Secretary and lost two Presidential elections.[155][156]
Norman St John-Stevas was Secretary of the Oxford Union but never became President despite his ambition to be the first person to be President of both Oxford and Cambridge Unions; he had been President of the Cambridge Union during his undergraduate years, before he studied at Oxford.[157]
Ann Widdecombe was Treasurer in 1972, after having served as Secretary the previous year.[158][159]
Jacob Rees-Mogg was Librarian in 1990, losing the election for the presidency to future Education Secretary Damian Hinds.[160]
In fiction
- Simon Kerslake (early 1950s), protagonist of the Jeffrey Archer novel First Among Equals invites sitting Prime Minister Winston Churchill to propose the motion during Eights Week that "This House Would Rather be a Commoner than a Lord". His future rival, The Hon. Charles Seymour listens from the floor and resolves to enter politics also.[161] Archer himself was elected to Standing Committee for one term in 1965.[162]
Notes
- ↑ Thomas Frederick Amelius Parry Hodges (1801/2 – 27 October 1880) was also a fellow of his alma mater and was vicar of North Clifton with Harby, Nottinghamshire and of Lyme Regis.[3]
- ↑ Charles des Voeux (29 April 1802 – 9 August 1833[4]) was the eldest son of Sir Charles Des Voeux, 2nd Baronet.[5]
- ↑ Arthur James Lewis (1800/1 in Cannanore 14 November 1865) later became Advocate-General of Bombay.[6]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hassard Hume Dodgson (1803/4 – fl. 1872) was a master of the Common Pleas[7] and was the father-in-law of Charles Edward Pollock.[8]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Robert Vernon Atherton Hornby (1805/6 – September 1857)[10]
- ↑ John Ryle Wood (1806/7 – 9 November 1886) was later vicar of St John-in-Bedwardine, canon of Worcester Cathedral, and Chaplain to the Duke of Cambridge.[11]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Douglas Smith (1804/5 – 1829)[14]
- ↑ John Pearson (1806/7 fl. 1828), previously educated at Eton College, later became a barrister after graduating from Lincoln's Inn[15][16]
- ↑ Edward Massie (1805/6 – fl. 1845) was later a chaplain.[19]
- ↑ Sinclair attended St Mary Hall, Oxford. Associated with Oriel since 1326, it functioned independently from 1545 to 1902, before being incorporated into Oriel upon the death of its Principal, Drummond Percy Chase. Thus, St Mary Hall's coat of arms is substituted with that of the university itself.
- ↑ John Adams (1813 – 18 September 1848), of the landed family of Ansty Hall and the eldest half-brother of novelist Henry Cadwallader Adams, later became a barrister-at-law in the Middle Temple.[20][21]
- ↑ Thomas Brancker (1812/3 – 11 November 1871) was later rector of St Mary's Church, Limington and prebendary of Wells Cathedral.[22]
- ↑ William Nathaniel Tilson Marsh Lushington Tilson FZS FRGS FRHS (1815/6 – January 1881) was the perpetual curate of St James' Church, Ryde and of St Leonard's Church, St Leonards-on-Sea.[24] His wife was a niece of Charles Morgan, 1st Baron Tredegar.[25]
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 George Robertson Moncreiff (29 January 1817 – fl. 1884), a younger brother of Sir Henry Wellwood-Moncreiff, 10th Baronet, was HM Inspector of Schools from 1850 to 1873.[27]
- ↑ Henry William Sullivan (1814/5 – 22 March 1880) was later rector of Yoxall[29]
- ↑ Rev. Charles Thomas Arnold (1817/8 – 13 May 1878) was later an assistant master at Rugby School who wrote articles for the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.[31][32]
- ↑ James Timothy Bainbridge Landon (1816/7 – fl. 1877) was later vicar of Ledsham, West Yorkshire and canon of York Minster.[34]
- ↑ William Henry Scott (1819/20 – 17 September 1859) was a grandson of Sir Joseph Scott, 1st Baronet.[37][38]
- ↑ Henry Master White (1820/1 – fl. 1871) was later vicar of Masbrough and, in the Cape Colony, principal of Diocesan College and Archdeacon of Grahamstown.[40]
- ↑ Robert James Simpson (1825/6 – fl. 1886) was vicar of Upton, Buckinghamshire (1867–79), St Clement Danes (1869–79), and St Peter Eltham (1886–?).[43]
- ↑ Samuel Joseph Hulme (1823/4 – 12 December 1886) was rector of St Martin's Carfax, Oxford and of Bourton-on-the-Water.[44]
- ↑ Charles Holbrow Stanton (1825 – fl. 1876) was later admitted to the bar at Lincoln's Inn and became an barrister in the Oxford circuit.[45][46]
- ↑ Walter Congreve (1824/5 – fl. 1850)[47]
- ↑ George Raymond Portal (28 February 1827 – 3 April 1889), a brother of Sir Wyndham Portal, 1st Baronet, was later rector of Albury, Surrey and of Burghclere.[48][49]
- ↑ John Rowe Kelley Ralph (1824 – 5 December 1885) was later a barrister who served on the North Wales and Chester Circuit.[53][54]
- ↑ Edward Bridges Lomer (1827/8 – 6 August 1865) was later a barrister-at-law.[55]
- ↑ John FitzGerald (1830/1 – fl. 1857) was later vicar of Borden, Kent and Camden Town.[57]
- ↑ Robert Edward Bartlett (1829/30 – fl. 1876) was later vicar of Great Waltham and his son was the brother-in-law of Edward Bruce Alexander.[63][64]
- ↑ John Henry Bridges (1851/2 – fl. 1876)[65]
- ↑ Thomas Robert Halcombe (1833/4 – 22 July 1880) was later curate of Addlestone.[69]
- ↑ Edward Kedington Bennet (1833/4 – fl. 1885) was later rector of Bunwell.[71]
- ↑ Alfred Robinson (1840/1 – fl. 1875) was later sub-warden of New College, Oxford.[82]
- ↑ The first president of East Asian descent, he is the CEO of Byline, a crowdfunded journalism platform.[121]
- ↑ Price was the first graduate president of the Union, having graduated in 2013. He was elected after members voted to re-open nominations in a first election and a second election was called. The second election was found to have been hacked, having taken place online due to Covid-19, with over 500 votes made illegitimately. The Standing Committee decided to discard the illegitimate votes and accept the results of the remaining ballots, declaring Price elected.[131][132]
- ↑ Nawaz was removed as president in November 2022 after he was forced to resign for missing committee meetings. The Union membership voted 251-164 to uphold Nawaz's automatic resignation and Charlie Mackintosh replaced him as acting president on 18 November 2022.[138][139]
- ↑ Leo Buckley was initially declared President-Elect,[145][146] but an election tribunal disqualified him and declared Julia Maranhao-Wong elected.[147] Buckley appealed the decision;[148] in February 2024 it was decided that the role of President-Elect should be left vacant and that the presidency would be offered to the incoming Librarian Louis Wilson.[144]
- ↑ Ebrahim Osman-Mowafy was initially elected,[150] but an election tribunal in June 2024 disqualified him and ordered a recount.[149] Osman-Mowafy was subsequently re-instated.[149]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Alumni Oxoniensis (1715-1886), p. 298
- ↑ Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 1308
- ↑ "Voeux, Charles des", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1475
- ↑ "Lewis, Arthur James", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 844
- ↑ "Dodgson, Hassard Hume", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 376
- ↑ Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 3163
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Foster, p. 277.
- ↑ "Hornby, Robert (Vernon) Atherton", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 692
- ↑ "Wood, John Ryle", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1599
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.53 13.54 13.55 13.56 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.60 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "Smith, Douglas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1311
- ↑ "Pearson, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1086
- ↑ The Eton School lists, from 1791 to 1850, p. 104
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Foster, p. 319.
- ↑ "Massie, Edward", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 925
- ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry 1871 vol. 1, p. 4
- ↑ "Adams, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1311
- ↑ "Brancker, Thomas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 153
- ↑ Foster, p. 412.
- ↑ "Tilson, William Nathaniel Tilson Marsh Lushington", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1420
- ↑ The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971, 1972, p. 272
- ↑ Foster, p. 210.
- ↑ "Moncreiff, George Robertson", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 968
- ↑ Foster, p. 67.
- ↑ "Sul[l]ivan, Henry William", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1371
- ↑ Foster, p. 125.
- ↑ Arnold, Rev. Charles Thomas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 31
- ↑ "List of Writers", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
- ↑ Foster, p. 126.
- ↑ "Landon, James Timothy Bainbridge", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 813
- ↑ Foster, p. 530.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Foster, p. 355.
- ↑ "Scott, Rev. William Henry", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1267
- ↑ Burke's Peerage 1949, p. 1797
- ↑ Foster, p. 124.
- ↑ "White, Henry Master", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1539
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Hollis, p. 243.
- ↑ Foster, p. 323.
- ↑ "Simpson, Robert James", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1300
- ↑ "Hulme, Samuel Joseph", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 711
- ↑ "Stanton, Charles Holbrow", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1343
- ↑ "Stanton, Charles Holbrow", Men-at-the-Bar, p. 443
- ↑ "Congreve, Walter", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 285
- ↑ Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 3177
- ↑ "Portal, George Raymond", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1132
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Foster, p. 414.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "Ralph, John Rowe Kelly", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1172
- ↑ "Ralph, John Rowe Kelley", Men-at-the-Bar, p. 383
- ↑ "Lomer, Edward Bridges", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 869
- ↑ Foster, p. 153.
- ↑ "FitzGerald, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 466
- ↑ Foster, p. 532.
- ↑ Foster, p. 151.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Foster, p. 149.
- ↑ Foster, p. 280.
- ↑ Foster, p. 92.
- ↑ "Bartlett, Robert Edward", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 69
- ↑ Burke's Irish Family Records 1976, p. 12
- ↑ "Bridges, John Henry", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 159
- ↑ Foster, p. 154.
- ↑ Foster, p. 127.
- ↑ Foster, p. 553.
- ↑ "Halcomb, Thomas Robert", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 585
- ↑ Foster, p. 56.
- ↑ "Bennet, Edward Kedington", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 93
- ↑ Foster, p. 274.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Foster, p. 619.
- ↑ Foster, p. 484.
- ↑ Who's Who 1906, p. 117
- ↑ Foster, p. 383.
- ↑ Foster, p. 172.
- ↑ Foster, p. 483.
- ↑ Foster, p. 453.
- ↑ Foster, p. 282.
- ↑ "Robinson, Alfred", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1211
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 Foster, p. 205.
- ↑ Foster, p. 216.
- ↑ Foster, p. 599.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 Foster, p. 68.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 Foster, p. 423.
- ↑ Foster, p. 173.
- ↑ Foster, p. 181.
- ↑ Foster, p. 123.
- ↑ Hollis, p. 249
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 Foster, p. 64.
- ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 Foster, p. 487.
- ↑ Foster, p. 95.
- ↑ Foster, p. 246.
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Foster, p. 272.
- ↑ Foster, p. 174.
- ↑ Foster, p. 312.
- ↑ Foster, p. 98.
- ↑ Foster, p. 273.
- ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Hollis, p. 251.
- ↑ Foster, p. 218.
- ↑ Foster, p. 514.
- ↑ Foster, p. 326.
- ↑ 105.000 105.001 105.002 105.003 105.004 105.005 105.006 105.007 105.008 105.009 105.010 105.011 105.012 105.013 105.014 105.015 105.016 105.017 105.018 105.019 105.020 105.021 105.022 105.023 105.024 105.025 105.026 105.027 105.028 105.029 105.030 105.031 105.032 105.033 105.034 105.035 105.036 105.037 105.038 105.039 105.040 105.041 105.042 105.043 105.044 105.045 105.046 105.047 105.048 105.049 105.050 105.051 105.052 105.053 105.054 105.055 105.056 105.057 105.058 105.059 105.060 105.061 105.062 105.063 105.064 105.065 105.066 105.067 105.068 105.069 105.070 105.071 105.072 105.073 105.074 105.075 105.076 105.077 105.078 105.079 105.080 105.081 105.082 105.083 105.084 105.085 105.086 105.087 105.088 105.089 105.090 105.091 105.092 105.093 105.094 105.095 105.096 105.097 105.098 105.099 105.100 105.101 105.102 105.103 105.104 105.105 105.106 105.107 105.108 105.109 105.110 105.111 105.112 105.113 105.114 105.115 105.116 105.117 105.118 105.119 105.120 105.121 105.122 105.123 105.124 105.125 105.126 105.127 105.128 105.129 105.130 105.131 105.132 105.133 105.134 105.135 105.136 105.137 105.138 105.139 105.140 105.141 105.142 105.143 105.144 105.145 105.146 105.147 105.148 105.149 105.150 105.151 105.152 105.153 105.154 105.155 105.156 105.157 105.158 105.159 105.160 105.161 105.162 105.163 105.164 105.165 105.166 105.167 105.168 105.169 105.170 105.171 105.172 105.173 105.174 105.175 105.176 105.177 105.178 105.179 105.180 105.181 105.182 105.183 105.184 105.185 105.186 105.187 105.188 105.189 105.190 105.191 105.192 105.193 105.194 105.195 105.196 105.197 105.198 105.199 105.200 105.201 105.202 105.203 105.204 105.205 105.206 105.207 105.208 105.209 105.210 105.211 105.212 105.213 105.214 105.215 105.216 105.217 105.218 105.219 105.220 105.221 105.222 105.223 105.224 105.225 105.226 105.227 105.228 105.229 105.230 105.231 105.232 105.233 105.234 105.235 105.236 105.237 105.238 105.239 105.240 105.241 105.242 105.243 105.244 105.245 105.246 105.247 105.248 105.249 105.250 105.251 105.252 105.253 105.254 105.255 105.256 105.257 105.258 105.259 105.260 105.261 105.262 105.263 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Foster, p. 284.
- ↑ Foster, p. 275.
- ↑ Foster, p. 491.
- ↑ Foster, p. 30.
- ↑ Sir Godfray Le Quesne, The Times 2 December 2013 (subscription required)
- ↑ Eric Anthony Abrahams (1940-2011), National Library of Jamaica
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 120.0 120.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Profile at HuffPost
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 149.0 149.1 149.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Horne 1988, p. 22
- ↑ 154.0 154.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Bibliography
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Hollis, Christopher. The Oxford Union. London: Evans, 1965.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.