List of Alpine four-thousanders
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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1 Mont Blanc, 2 Piz Bernina, 3 Barre des Écrins, 4 Dufourspitze, 5 Finsteraarhorn, 6 Gran Paradiso, 7 Grand Combin, 8 Dom, 9 Matterhorn, 10 Aletschhorn, 11 Weisshorn, 12 Weissmies
This list contains all of the 128 summits and subsidiary tops of 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) or more above sea level in the Alps in France, Italy and Switzerland as defined by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA).[1] Their list, published in 1994, contains 82 'official summits' of 4,000 m or over, with the inclusion of a further 46 'lesser summits' in an enlarged list. Another list containing only independent peaks with a prominence of over 100m contains just 52 mountains.[2]
Contents
Official list
The table shows the 82 four-thousanders in the Alps that are recognised by the UIAA. They are located in Switzerland (48),[Note 1] Italy (38) and France (25).
Clicking the symbol at the head of the column sorts the table by that column’s data.
Enlarged list
| Name | Country | Height | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rochers de la Tournette | France, Italy | 4677 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Dunantspitze | Switzerland | 4632 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Grenzgipfel | Italy, Switzerland | 4618 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Les Bosses | France, Italy | 4547 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| La Grande Bosse | France, Italy | 4513 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Monte Cervino Vetta Italiana | Italy, Switzerland | 4476,4 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dom (Großer Gendarm) | Switzerland | 4468 m | Pennine Alps |
| Aiguille de la Belle Etoile | Italy | 4349 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Grand Gendarme (Weisshorn) | Switzerland | 4331 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pointe Mieulet | France | 4287 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Liskammnase | Italy, Switzerland | 4272 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pointe Bayeux | France | 4258 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Mont Blanc du Tacul (Punkt E) | France | 4247 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Aiguille du Croissant | Switzerland | 4243 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pic Tyndall | Italy, Switzerland | 4241 m | Pennine Alps |
| Picco Muzio | Italy, Switzerland | 4187 m | Pennine Alps |
| Entdeckungsfels (Roccia della Scoperta) | Switzerland | 4178 m | Pennine Alps |
| Balmenhorn | Italy | 4167 m | Pennine Alps |
| Alphubel south top | Switzerland | 4166 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dent d'Hérens la Corne | Switzerland | 4148 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pointe Burnaby | Switzerland | 4135 m | Pennine Alps |
| Alphubel Nordostgipfel | Switzerland | 4128 m | Pennine Alps |
| Alphubel Nordgipfel | Switzerland | 4116 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn (Großer Gendarm) | Switzerland | 4108 m | Pennine Alps |
| Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (Pointe SO) | Italy | 4107 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Pointe de l'Androsace | France, Italy | 4107 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (Pointe NW) | Italy | 4104 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Dent Blanche (Grand Gendarme) | Switzerland | 4097 m | Pennine Alps |
| Felikhorn | Italy | 4093 m | Pennine Alps |
| Lenzspitze Großer Gendarm | Switzerland | 4091 m | Pennine Alps |
| Wengen Jungfrau | Switzerland | 4089 m | Bernese Alps |
| Combin de la Tsessette gendarme (south-east) | Switzerland | 4088 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pic Lory | France | 4086 m | Dauphiné Alps |
| Dent d'Hérens Gendarme Crochu | Switzerland | 4075 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pilier du Diable | France | 4067 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Terzo pilastro del Col Maudit | France | 4064 m | Pennine Alps |
| Pointe Bravais | France | 4057 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Pic Eccles | Italy | 4041 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Dent d'Hérens, L'Epaule | Italy, Switzerland | 4040 m | Pennine Alps |
| Gendarme del Col Maudit | France | 4032 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Il Roc | Italy | 4026 m | Graian Alps |
| Pointe Eveline | France | 4026 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| Pointe Croux | France | 4023 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
| La Spedla / Punta Perrucchetti | Italy, Switzerland | 4020 m | Bernina Range |
| L'Epaule | Switzerland | 4017 m | Pennine Alps |
| Piton des Italiens | France, Italy | 4003 m | Mont Blanc Massif |
Subpeaks
| Name | Country | Height | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dufourspitze western arête summit I | Switzerland | 4,600 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Dufourspitze eastern arête shoulder | Switzerland | 4,596 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Nordend southern arête subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4,542 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Dom northeastern arête summit I | Switzerland | 4,530 m | Pennine Alps |
| Weisshorn Schali arête tower | Switzerland | 4,490 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dufourspitze western arête summit II | Switzerland | 4,499 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Dom western subpeak Festi arête | Switzerland | 4,479 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dom northeastern arête summit II | Switzerland | 4,475 m | Pennine Alps |
| Täschhorn northern arête summit I | Switzerland | 4,470 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dufourspitze southeastern arête subpeak | Switzerland | 4,470 m | Pennine Alps |
| Zumsteinspitze southwestern subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4,463 m | Pennine Alps |
| Liskamm eastern subpeak of the western summit | Italy, Switzerland | 4450 m | Pennine Alps |
| Liskamm western subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4,447 m | Pennine Alps |
| Weisshorn northern arête dome I | Switzerland | 4,430 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dom southern arête summit I | Switzerland | 4,423 m | Pennine Alps |
| Täschhorn northern arête summit II | Switzerland | 4,420 m | Pennine Alps |
| Täschhorn northern arête summit III | Switzerland | 4,404 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dom southern arête summit II | Switzerland | 4380 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dufourspitze western arête summit III | Switzerland | 4,380 m | Pennine Alps |
| Weisshorn northern arête dome II | Switzerland | 4,362 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dom southern arête summit III | Switzerland | 4,360 m | Pennine Alps |
| Nordend northern arête shoulder I | Italy, Switzerland | 4355 m | Pennine Alps |
| Parrotspitze western arête summit | Italy, Switzerland | 4,340 m | Pennine Alps |
| Liskamm eastern shoulder summit/Cima di Scoperta | Italy, Switzerland | 4,335 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dufourspitze western arête summit IV | Switzerland | 4,280 m | Pennine Alps |
| Nordend northern arête shoulder II | Switzerland | 4,260 m | Pennine Alps |
| LK-Punkt | Italy, Switzerland | 4252 m | Pennine Alps |
| Nordend northern pinnacle | Switzerland | 4223 m | Pennine Alps |
| Castor north(western) summit | Italy, Switzerland | 4205 m | Pennine Alps |
| Liskamm southwestern arête subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4201 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn southern subpeak | Switzerland | 4190 m | Pennine Alps |
| Castor southeastern subpeak II/rock shoulder of Punta Felik | Italy, Switzerland | 4174 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn northern arête tower I | Switzerland | 4160 m | Pennine Alps |
| Castor southeastern subpeak I | Italy, Switzerland | 4158 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn Kanzel | Switzerland | 4150 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn northern arête tower II | Switzerland | 4150 m | Pennine Alps |
| Strahlhorn eastern shoulder | Switzerland | 4143 m | Pennine Alps |
| Breithorn central eastern arête subpeak I | Italy, Switzerland | 4140 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn northern arête tower | Switzerland | 4140 m | Pennine Alps |
| Strahlhorn western shoulder | Switzerland | 4128 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn northern arête tower IV | Switzerland | 4130 m | Pennine Alps |
| Rimpfischhorn northern arête tower V | Switzerland | 4120 m | Pennine Alps |
| Breithorn east summit, western subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4080 m | Pennine Alps |
| Breithorn central eastern arête subpeak II | Italy, Switzerland | 4080 m | Pennine Alps |
| Nordend northwestern arête shoulder | Switzerland | 4071 m | Pennine Alps |
| Breithorn Roccia Nera western subpeak | Italy, Switzerland | 4065 m | Pennine Alps |
| Breithorn central eastern arête subpeak III | Italy, Switzerland | 4050 m | Pennine Alps |
| Dufourspitze lowest western arête tower | Switzerland | 4026 m | Monte Rosa Massif |
| Rimpfischhorn western subpeak | Switzerland | 4009 m | Pennine Alps |
Number of Alpine four-thousanders
Since no exact and formal definition of mountain exists, the number of 4000-metre summits is arbitrary. One can consider a stone, for instance, as a summit if it is situated above this elevation. The topographic prominence is an important factor to decide the official nomination of a summit. The list proposed by the UIAA is based not only on prominence but also on other criteria such as the morphology (general appearance) and mountaineering interest. Summits such as Roccia Nera or Mont Blanc de Courmayeur have much less than the 30 metres minimum prominence criterion but are included in the list because of the other criteria. In comparison, the official 8000 metres summit having the smallest prominence is Lhotse with 610 metres. A minimum prominence criterion of 500 metres would reduce the number of Alpine four-thousanders to only 22.
The table below gives the number of four-thousanders as a function of their minimum prominence.
| Minimum prominence | UIAA list | Enlarged list | Karl Blodig list | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country / Range | 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) | 1,500 metres (4,921 ft) (Ultras) | 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) | 500 metres (1,640 ft) | 300 metres (984 ft) | 200 metres (656 ft) | 100 metres (328 ft) | 30 metres (98 ft) | - | - | - |
| Switzerland | 3 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 24 | 28 | 37 | 46 | 48 | 71 | 41 |
| Italy | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 31 | 38 | 60 | 25 |
| France | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 20 | 25 | 41 | 13 |
| Pennine | 1 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 26 | 38 | 41 | 65 | 34 |
| Mont Blanc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 23 | 28 | 46 | 15 |
| Bernese | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
| Dauphiné | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Bernina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Graian[13] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 7 | 12 | 22 | 29 | 35 | 51 | 73 | 82 | 128 | 61 |
See also
- List of mountains of the Alps, showing all summits with at least 300 m prominence.
- Alpine three-thousanders
Notes
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Bibliography
- Dumler, Helmut and Willi P. Burkhardt, The High Mountains of the Alps, Diadem, 1994 (ISBN 0906371430)
- Goedeke, Richard, Alpine 4000m Peaks by the Classic Routes, Menasha Ridge Press, 1997 (ISBN 0897321111)
- McLewin, Will, In Monte Viso’s Horizon: Climbing All the Alpine 4000m Peaks, Ernest Press, 1991 (ISBN 0948153091)
- Moran, Martin, The 4000m Peaks of the Alps: Selected Climbs, Alpine Club, 2007 (ISBN 0900523662)
- Club 4000, Tutti i 4000 - L'aria sottile dell'alta quota, Vivalda Editori - CAI Torino, 2010 (ISBN 88-7480-135-1)
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- ↑ Brown, T. G. and de Beer, G. The First Ascent of Mont Blanc, 1957, p. 14
- ↑ Alpine Journal, vol. XXV, p. 620
- ↑ Gottlieb Studer, Über Eis und Schnee, Vol 2., p. 15
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- ↑ Gottlieb Studer, Über Eis und Schnee, Vol 2., p. 63
- ↑ Excluding the Mont Blanc Massif
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