Elections in Argentina

At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory (with a few exceptions) for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age.

The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular vote, using a runoff voting system: a second vote is held if no party wins more than 45% of the votes, or more than 40% with also at least 10 percentage points more than the runner-up. Before the 1995 election, the president and vice-president were both elected by an electoral college.

The National Congress (Congreso Nacional) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies of the Nation (Cámara de Diputados de la Nación) has 257 members, elected for a four-year term in each electoral district (23 Provinces and the Autonomous city of Buenos Aires) by proportional representation using the D'Hondt method, with half of the seats renewed every two years in all districts. The Senate of the Nation (Senado de la Nación) has 72 members, elected for a six-year term in three-seat constituencies (23 provinces and the Autonomous city of Buenos Aires) for a six-year term, with two seats awarded to the largest party or coalition and one seat to the second largest party or coalition. One-third of the constituencies are renewed every two years. In 2001 the whole senate was renewed. A gender parity law, adopted in 2017, mandates that party lists must alternate between male and female candidates.

History

File:Votantes-1924.jpg

Voters casting their ballots in the 1924 legislative election.

Universal, secret and compulsory voting for male Argentine citizens, either natural-born or naturalized, was guaranteed by the 1912 Sáenz Peña Law, named after President Roque Sáenz Peña. The first free elections under the Sáenz Peña regime were held in 1916. Women did not have the right to vote in Argentina until 1947, when Law 13.010 ("on political rights for women") was sanctioned during the government of Juan Domingo Perón. Women first voted in a national election in 1951.

Throughout the 20th century, voting was suppressed by Argentina's numerous dictatorial regimes. The dictatorships of José Félix Uriburu (1930–1932) and the so-called Revolución Libertadora and Revolución Argentina, as well as the last military dictatorship (1976–1983), all suppressed voting altogether. In addition, electoral fraud was widespread under the successive governments of the so-called Infamous Decade. Since the return of democracy in 1983, Argentine elections have been generally deemed as free, fair and transparent, and participation levels remain high, with an average of 70.24% as of 2019.

In 2012, Law 26.774 ("on Argentine Citizenship") lowered the legal voting age for Argentine citizens from 18 to 16, making Argentina one of twelve countries in the world to do so.

Eligibility to vote

File:Escuela de educación técnica Nº 4 (3670070542).jpg

Voters queue outside a public school in Buenos Aires during the 2009 legislative election.

The right to vote is mandated in Article 37 of the Constitution of Argentina, and further detailed in the National Electoral Code. In the national order, entitlement to vote is based on citizenship. Natural-born Argentine citizens and citizens by descent aged 16 or older have the right to vote, while naturalized citizens may vote from the age of 18 (see Argentine nationality law). Non-citizen permanent residents do not have the right to vote for national offices, but may be allowed to vote for local office as established by provincial law. The right to vote is not extended to:

• the mentally unfit (as demonstrated in trial),
• those who have been convicted of crimes with intent,
• those who have been convicted of illegal gambling (for three years only, and for six years in cases of recidivism),
• those who have been sanctioned for qualified desertion,
• those who have been declared to be rebels in a criminal cause, until the cessation of said rebellion, or until prescription,
• those who are limited by the dispositions on the Organic Law on Political Parties,
• those who have otherwise been declared unable to exercise their political rights.

All Argentine citizens are automatically registered to vote in the national electoral roll, which is updated on a bi-yearly basis ahead of every scheduled election. From the ages of 18 to 70, voting is compulsory. Eligible voters between the ages of 18 and 70 may by exempt from voting if they are:

• sitting judges and their auxiliaries who must remain in their offices for the duration of the electoral act,
• over 500 kilometers away from their designated voting place, and can justify that distance with reason through a certificate written by their closest police authority,
• ill or otherwise unable, with sufficient proof, as demonstrated by a doctor in the national, provincial, or municipal health services, or by private doctors if all the aforementioned are not available.

Argentine citizens living abroad may vote in embassies and consulates of Argentina.

Provincial elections

Provincial law and constitutions, controlled by provincial legislatures regulate elections at the provincial level and local level. Since the separation of powers applies to provinces as well as the federal government, provincial legislatures and the executive (the governor) are elected separately. Governors are elected in all provinces.

All members of provincial legislatures and territorial jurisdiction legislature are elected.

As a matter of convenience and cost-saving, elections for many of these provincial and local offices are held at the same time as the federal presidential elections. There is a handful of provinces, however, that instead hold their elections separately.

Schedule

Envelope to cast votes in during the general elections of 2015.

Election

Position	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Type	Open Primaries (August) Presidential (October) National Senate (October) Chamber of Deputies (October) Provincial (March–October) Municipalities (March–October)	Municipalities (no data)	Open Primaries (August) National Senate (October) Chamber of Deputies (October) Provincial (TBA) Municipalities (TBA)	Municipalities (no data)	Open Primaries (August) Presidential (October) National Senate (October) Chamber of Deputies (October) Provincial (March–October) Municipalities (March–October)
President and Vice-president	President and Vice-president	None			President and Vice-president
National Senate	Third	None	Third	None	Third
Chamber of Deputies	Half	None	Half	None	Half
Provincial (Governors and Legislatures)	22 Provinces (G) 23 Provinces (L)	None	2 Provinces (G) 13 Provinces (L)	None	22 Provinces (G) 23 Provinces (L)
Municipalities (Mayors and Councils)	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data

Inauguration

Position	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Type	Presidential (December) National Senate Chamber of Deputies Provincial Municipalities	Municipalities	National Senate Chamber of Deputies Provincial Municipalities	Municipalities	Presidential National Senate Chamber of Deputies Provincial Municipalities
President and Vice-president	10 December	None			10 December
National Senate	10 December	None	10 December	None	10 December
Chamber of Deputies	10 December	None	10 December	None	10 December
Provinces (Governors and Legislatures)	December	None	December	None	December
Municipalities (Mayors and Councils)	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data

Latest elections

Main article: 2019 Argentine general election

File:Argentine Presidential election 2019 by Province.svg

Most voted party by winner strength.

Fernández owed his victory mostly to Buenos Aires Province swinging over dramatically to support him; he carried it by over 1.6 million votes over Macri, accounting for almost all of his nationwide margin of 2.1 million votes. By comparison, Daniel Scioli only carried the province by 219,000 votes in 2015.

Presidential candidate		Vice Presidential candidate	Party	Votes	%
	Alberto Fernández	Cristina Fernández de Kirchner	Everyone's Front (FdT)	12,946,037	48.24
	Mauricio Macri	Miguel Ángel Pichetto	Together for Change (JxC)	10,811,586	40.28
	Roberto Lavagna	Juan Manuel Urtubey	Federal Consensus (CF)	1,649,322	6.14
	Nicolás del Caño	Romina Del Plá	Left and Worker's Front-Unity (FIT-U)	579,228	2.16
	Juan José Gómez Centurión	Cynthia Hotton	NOS Front (NOS)	457,956	1.71
	José Luis Espert	Luis Rosales	Unite for Liberty and Dignity (Unite)	394,207	1.47
Total				26,838,336	100
Positive votes				26,838,336	97.50
Blank votes				434,379	1.58
Invalid votes				252,388	0.92
Total votes				27,525,103	100
Registered voters/turnout				34,231,895	80.41
Sources:

Results by district

Province	Fernández/Kirchner (FdT)		Macri/Pichetto (JxC)		Lavagna/Urtubey (CF)		Del Caño/del Plá (FIT–U)		G. Centurión/Hotton (NOS)		Espert/Rosales (UNITE)		Blanks/Invalid		Turnout
	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Buenos Aires	5,294,879	52.20	3,640,552	35.89	638,990	6.30	273,495	2.70	150,067	1.48	145,743	1.43	230,767	2.22	10,374,493	82.19
Buenos Aires City	719,655	35.46	1,068,134	52.64	130,475	6.43	59,066	2.91	13,863	0.68	38,013	1.87	46,228	2.23	2,075,434	76.85
Catamarca	132,590	56.66	79,568	34.00	13,197	5.64	3,508	1.50	2,136	0.91	3,011	1.29	24,941	9.63	258,951	81.04
Chaco	404,758	55.73	258,432	35.58	27,636	3.81	6,986	0.96	20,617	2.84	7,856	1.08	11,370	1.54	737,655	77.61
Chubut	174,726	52.42	97,837	29.35	25,357	7.61	13,117	3.94	14,253	4.28	8,029	2.40	14,289	4.11	347,608	77.78
Córdoba	666,445	29.31	1,394,104	61.31	113,734	5.00	37,612	1.65	31,869	1.40	30,213	1.33	68,489	2.93	2,342,466	79.01
Corrientes	354,968	51.19	290,690	41.92	21,658	3.12	6,522	0.94	12,515	1.80	7,044	1.02	13,427	1.90	706,824	80.75
Entre Ríos	390,587	44.37	391,495	44.47	55,030	6.25	14,504	1.65	14,647	1.66	14,111	1.60	14,576	1.63	894,950	80.59
Formosa	229,774	65.21	100,280	28.46	11,057	3.14	3,112	0.88	5,334	1.51	2,797	0.79	5,137	1.44	357,491	77.75
Jujuy	207,120	46.19	186,104	41.50	26,835	5.98	9,214	2.05	10,512	2.34	8,617	1.92	8,714	1.91	457,116	81.79
La Pampa	115,095	50.07	86,744	37.74	15,137	6.59	4,727	2.06	4,676	2.03	3,471	1.51	3,665	1.57	233,515	81.25
La Rioja	85,779	47.37	80,462	44.43	7,844	4.33	2,127	1.17	2,087	1.15	2,801	1.55	52,964	22.63	234,064	80.78
Mendoza	435,313	37.83	576,493	50.10	75,448	6.56	26,315	2.29	22,715	1.97	14,370	1.25	23,902	2.03	1,174,556	81.10
Misiones	417,752	57.71	245,254	33.88	24,451	3.38	6,704	0.93	21,239	2.93	8,537	1.18	18,551	2.50	742,488	79.90
Neuquén	194,205	47.73	151,939	37.34	25,628	6.30	15,209	3.74	11,743	2.89	8,167	2.01	20,018	4.72	426,909	83.94
Río Negro	247,664	57.23	123,674	28.58	27,483	6.35	11,252	2.60	14,173	3.28	8,482	1.96	19,431	4.30	452,159	80.35
Salta	374,369	48.82	266,406	34.74	82,358	10.74	13,625	1.78	16,635	2.17	13,378	1.74	17,608	2.24	784,379	76.11
San Juan	242,060	53.01	160,449	35.14	33,004	7.23	6,928	1.52	8,388	1.84	5,759	1.26	8,341	1.79	464,929	82.44
San Luis	129,118	41.68	139,479	45.03	20,954	6.76	7,171	2.32	7,683	2.48	5,354	1.73	8,076	2.54	317,835	81.53
Santa Cruz	108,323	59.77	51,183	28.24	9,123	5.03	6,032	3.33	5,171	2.85	1,402	0.77	7,649	4.05	188,883	74.73
Santa Fe	920,202	42.68	937,611	43.49	193,603	8.98	30,862	1.43	33,247	1.54	40,353	1.87	43,662	1.99	2,199,540	79.48
Santiago del Estero	451,082	74.95	110,525	18.37	20,103	3.34	5,755	0.96	9,220	1.53	5,123	0.85	9,924	1.62	611,732	80.45
Tierra del Fuego	57,887	56.93	26,529	26.09	7,785	7.66	2,760	2.71	3,925	3.86	2,803	2.76	3,208	3.06	104,897	75.88
Tucumán	591,686	57.76	347,642	33.94	42,432	4.14	12,598	1.23	21,241	2.07	8,773	0.86	17,801	1.71	1,042,173	82.84
Total	12,946,037	48.24	10,811,586	40.28	1,649,322	6.14	579,228	2.16	457,956	1.71	394,207	1.47	686,767	2.52	27,525,103	80.41

See also

• Political parties in Argentina
• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system

External links

• National Electoral Code (in Spanish)
• Election Atlas of Argentina from 1983
• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• Argentina Elections 2007
• Argentina Elections 101