Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria

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Archduchess Maria Josepha
Maria Josepha of Austria - Anton Raphael Mengs - 1767.jpg
Born (1751-03-19)19 March 1751
Hofburg Palace, Vienna
Died Error: Need valid death date (first date): year, month, day
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
Burial Imperial Crypt, Vienna
Full name
Maria Josepha Gabriela Johanna Antonia Anna
House House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother Maria Theresa of Austria

Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (19 March 1751, in Vienna – 15 October 1767). She was the daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708–1765) and Maria Theresa of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (1717–1780). She died of smallpox at the age of 16 and was buried in the Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria.

Biography

File:Maria Josepha of Austria 1762 by Liotard.jpg
Maria Josepha seated at the harpsichord in 1762 by Liotard

Born on 19 March 1751, Maria Josepha was the ninth but sixth surviving daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia.

After the death of her sister-in-law Princess Isabella of Parma, Maria Josepha was the most important female at court after her mother, niece Archduchess Maria Theresia and sister Archduchess Maria Amalia. She lost that position in May 1767 when her older brother Archduke Joseph married to a second cousin, Maria Josepha of Bavaria.

Empress Maria Theresa wanted to marry her fourth eldest surviving daughter, Archduchess Maria Amalia, to Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily for political reasons. After Ferdinand's father Charles III of Spain objected to the five-year age difference however, Maria Josepha, as the next eldest daughter, was left as the obvious candidate for Ferdinand's hand in marriage.[1] She and Ferdinand were the same age, and better yet, Maria Josepha was considered "delightfully pretty, pliant by nature," and the favorite of her brother Joseph.[1]

Maria Josepha had been terrified of dying of smallpox ever since the death of her older sister Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela in 1762. Her fears were realised when she died of smallpox on the very day she was to have left Vienna for her journey across the Alps to marry Ferdinand. Popular belief holds that she contracted smallpox because her mother, Maria Theresa, insisted that she go and pray at the improperly sealed tomb of her sister-in-law, Empress Maria Josepha, who had recently died of the disease because they shared the same name.[1] However, the rash appeared two days after Maria Josepha visited the vault, and there is an incubation period of about one week after initial infection before symptoms of a rash appear. Therefore, the Archduchess must have been infected before visiting the vault.[2]

She is buried in vault number 46 at the Imperial Crypt Vaults of the Imperial Crypt, Vienna. After her death, her sister Maria Carolina of Austria was given as a bride to the King of Naples in her place.[3]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 19 March 1751 – 15 October 1767 Her Royal Highness Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria, Princess of Hungary and Bohemia, Princess of Tuscany

Ancestry

Family of Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Claude-Françoise of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Eleanor Gonzaga of Mantua
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Louis XIII of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Anne of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Maria Anna of Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Philip William, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Eleonore Magdalena of the Palatinate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Duchess Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Duchess Christine Frederica of Württemburg
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes and references

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  3. ↑ Fraser, p. 29.
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