Regional Municipality of York

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York Region
Regional municipality (upper-tier)
Regional Municipality of York
The York Region Administrative Centre in Newmarket
The York Region Administrative Centre in Newmarket
Official seal of York Region
Seal
Motto: Ontario's Rising Star
Map showing York Region's location in Ontario
Map showing York Region's location in Ontario
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country  Canada
Province  Ontario
Established 1792 (County)
Established 1971 (Regional Municipality)
Seat Newmarket
Government
 • Chair Wayne Emmerson[1]
 • Governing Body York Regional Council
Area[2]
 • Total 1,762.17 km2 (680.38 sq mi)
Population (2011)[2]
 • Total 1,032,524
 • Density 585.9/km2 (1,517/sq mi)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
Website www.york.ca

The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.

The 2011 census population was 1,032,524,[2] surpassing the population mark of one million. At the Canada 2011 Census, 53,989 residents inhabited rural areas in the municipality, 67,551 resided in small urban areas, and 910,984 resided in large urban areas.[3] Its growth rate of 15.7% from 2006 to 2011 was the sixth highest amongst all census divisions in Canada,[4] and the Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031.[5]

History

At a meeting in Richmond Hill on 6 May 1970, officials representing the municipalities of York County approved plans for the creation of a regional government entity to replace York County.[6] The plan had been presented in 1969 by Darcy McKeough, the Ontario Minister of Municipal Affairs, taking about a year to determine municipal boundaries within the new regional government.[6]

The Regional Municipality of York was created by Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1970, which took effect on January 1, 1971.[7] The creation of the regional municipality resulted in the consolidation of the fourteen former municipalities of York County into nine new municipalities:[8]

Creation of area municipalities in the Regional Municipality of York (1971)[9]
Area municipality Created from Police villages dissolved
Town of Aurora Town of Aurora, annexing portions of the Townships of King and Whitchurch
Town of East Gwillimbury Portion of the Township of East Gwillimbury
Township (Now Town) of Georgina Townships of Georgina and North Gwillimbury, and the Village of Sutton
Township of King Portion of the Township of King
Town (Now City) of Markham Town of Markham, annexing portion of the Township of Markham
Town of Newmarket Town of Newmarket, annexing portions of the Townships of East Gwillimbury, King and Whitchurch
Town of Richmond Hill Town of Richmond Hill, annexing portions of the Townships of King, Markham, Vaughan and Whitchurch
Town (Now City) of Vaughan Village of Woodbridge, annexing portions of the Townships of King and Vaughan
Town of Whitchurch–Stouffville Village of Stouffville, annexing portions of the Townships of Markham and Whitchurch

The township of Whitchurch was merged with the town of Stouffville to create the town of Whitchurch–Stouffville, ceding land to Aurora, Newmarket, and Richmond Hill to the west of the proposed Highway 404 and annexing a northern strip of land from the township of Markham.[10] The eastern boundary of the new town of Markham was defined to be at Yonge Street, where its northern boundary was formed with Richmond Hill (to which it ceded some land[6]) and its western boundary with the new town Vaughan.[10] The new town of Vaughan would consist of all communities in the area bounded by Markham and Richmond Hill in the east, Metro Toronto in the south, the periphery of the regional municipality in the west, and the new township of King in the north.[10] The townships of Georgina, North Gwillimbury, and Sutton were merged into the township of Georgina, and the East Gwillimbury neighbourhood of East Gwillimbury Heights was merged into Newmarket.[10] King formed the northwestern part of the new region, but the eastern lot from Bathurst Street to Yonge Street was ceded to Newmarket, Aurora, and Oak Ridges, the latter of which became a part of Richmond Hill.[10] The boundary between Aurora and Newmarket was defined to be St. John's Sideroad, and Newmarket's northern boundary was defined to be Green Lane.[10]

The towns of Aurora, Newmarket, and Richmond Hill were defined to be the growth centres for the regional municipality, which was to become a greenbelt between the denser urban areas of Toronto to the south and Barrie to the north.[8] The growth centres were each restricted to grow to a maximum population of 25,000 by 2000,[8] and the regional municipality to 300,000.[10]

The municipal realignment merged 40% of East Gwillimbury's population into Newmarket.[11] The council of East Gwillimbury voted to amalgamate with Newmarket, but Newmarket council opposed the amalgamation.[11] In the plan presented by McKeough, the councils of the towns of Newmarket and Aurora were given ten years to decide whether or not to amalgamate.[8]

The internal municipal realignments resulted in some politicians residing in a new municipality from that which they represented at the time of realignment.[6] The reeve of Whitchurch Township resided in the western portion of the town that was annexed by Aurora, three East Gwillimbury councillors resided in land annexed by Newmarket, including its future mayor Ray Twinney, and King councillor Gordon Rowe was a resident of Oak Ridges, which became part of Richmond Hill.[6]

Hydro Commissions

Because of the mix of urban and rural areas in the Region, the provision of electricity was governed in a different manner from the rest of the regional services:[12]

  • the hydro-electric commissions and public utilities commissions that existed at the end of 1970 continued to provide electricity within their respective areas;
  • the councillors of the former Township of Vaughan and the trustees of the former Police Village of King City became members of new Hydro-Electric Commissions for their respective areas;
  • Ontario Hydro continued to have responsibility for providing electricity to those portions of the Region that were not served by any of the above commissions.

Electric distribution was partially rationalized in 1978,[13] when:

  • hydro-electric commissions were established for all area municipalities except East Gwillimbury[14] (but the latter could establish a commission later on, subject to Ontario Hydro's consent);[15]
  • effective January 1, 1979, all assets of the former commissions in the Region were transferred to the new commissions;[16]
  • Ontario Hydro withdrew its provision of services from all areas except those in East Gwillimbury, Georgina, King and Whitchurch-Stouffville;[16]
  • Georgina, King and Whitchurch-Stouffville could take over responsibility for such areas at a later date, subject to Ontario Hydro's consent[16]

Police

The York Regional Police was also created at this time, amalgamating the fourteen town, township, and village police forces.[6]

Geography

York Region covers 1,762 square kilometres from Lake Simcoe in the north to the city of Toronto in the south. Its eastern border is shared with Durham Region, to the west is Peel Region, and Simcoe County is to the northwest. A detailed map of the region[17] showing its major roads, communities and points of interest is available.

Map showing the Regional Forests in purple.

Towns and cities in York Region include:

There is also one First Nation with an Indian reserve, where the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation reside on Georgina Island, Fox Island and Snake Island.

York Region's landscape includes farmlands, wetlands and kettle lakes, the Oak Ridges Moraine and over 2,070 hectares of regional forest, in addition to the built-up areas of its municipalities.

Climate

York Region is situated on a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa/Dfb) with warm summers and cold winters.

Government

York Region Richmond Hill Office at Yonge & Hwy 7

The region is governed by a group known as York Regional Council, which consists of 20 elected representatives from each of the constituent towns and cities in the region. These include each of the nine mayors, and 11 regional councillors who are elected from the constituent municipalities as follows:[19]

  • 1 from Georgina
  • 1 from Newmarket
  • 2 from Richmond Hill
  • 3 from Vaughan
  • 4 from Markham

The leader of Council is referred to as "Regional Chair and CEO". Wayne Emmerson, a former mayor of Whitchurch-Stouffville, was elected to this office in December, 2014.

In October 2008, the York Regional Municipality was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc.[20]

Federal and provincial representation

Starting with the 2015 federal election, York Region encompasses all or part of the federal electoral districts of Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill, King—Vaughan, Markham—Stouffville, Markham—Thornhill, Markham—Unionville, Newmarket—Aurora, Richmond Hill, Thornhill, Vaughan—Woodbridge, and York—Simcoe.

Provincially, York Region is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by Members of Provincial Parliament for the electoral districts of Markham—Unionville, Newmarket—Aurora, Oak Ridges—Markham, Richmond Hill, Thornhill, Vaughan and York—Simcoe.

Economy

York sign, just north of Dufferin and Steeles.

The economy of York Region is diverse. In general, the economy includes a full range of businesses from industrial to high-tech to rural / agricultural. New developments continually consume space year after and are especially focused along the Yonge Street corridor from Vaughan/Richmond Hill in the south to Newmarket/Aurora in the north. There are ongoing conflicts between conservationists and developers over land use. Most contentious is the conflict use of the Oak Ridges Moraine.

Shopping

Times Square

Major shopping centres located in York Region include:

Health Care

There are currently three hospitals within the Municipality of York including:

All three hospitals are part of the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) Hospital Partnerships.

In 2011 the construction of Mackenzie Vaughan Hospital was approved by the Minister of Health and Long-Term Care, Deb Matthews. The hospital site is proposed within the City of Vaughan at Major Mackenzie Drive on the east side of Highway 400. Current plans include a new $80 million building.

In April 2013, Counselling Services for York Region opened Ontario's first Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Clinic. The clinic specializes in offering a specialized empirically supported form of individual and group therapy.

Transportation

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See also: List of numbered roads in York Region
Richmond Hill Centre Terminal located at Yonge & Highway 7

The arterial road network in York Region is a grid, with most roads running north-south or east-west. This was done under the orders of British surveyor Augustus Jones during the 1790s. York Region assigned approximately 50 roads as York Regional Routes, meaning that the cost of maintaining of these roads is paid for by York Region.

The major highways in the Region are:

Former highways include:

Air transportation

Buttonville Air Traffic Control Tower

Most air travel is served by Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada's largest airport. Buttonville Municipal Airport is a regional airport in Markham, used for general aviation and business aircraft. There are also a few unpaved airports serving the region. Hare Field is located in Holland Landing (East Gwillimbury) and Belhaven Airport is located in Georgina.

Public transportation

Map of York Region and the municipalities it includes.

York Region is served by:

Until 2001, the towns of York Region operated separate public transit services, which did not connect very well with each other. YRT was created by the Regional Government to combine five of these services:

Since 2001, bus routes have been extensively enhanced in the five communities which had pre-existing services, but YRT's services to East Gwillimbury is limited to two routes, and service to King, Georgina and Whitchurch-Stouffville are even more limited due to the relatively sparse populations in each of those towns.

Water

Water in southern York is provided by Toronto Water and Peel Region by way of 3 pumping stations and reservoirs (Bayview, Dufferin and Milliken (tank and underground reservoir)) using water from Lake Ontario.[21] Keswick and Sutton obtain water from Lake Simcoe by way of water treatment plants. The remainder of York obtains water from a combination of water from Lake Ontario and underground wells. Some wells are maintained by the Region and the rest privately.

  • Georgina -water from Lake Simcoe and private wells
  • East Gwillimbury - region and private wells
  • Newmarket - region wells and water from Lake Ontario [22]
  • Whitchurch-Stouffville - Region wells, water from Lake Ontario, private wells
  • Markham - water from Lake Ontario and private wells
  • Richmond Hill - water from Lake Ontario and private wells
  • Aurora - water from Lake Ontario and private wells
  • Vaughan - water from Lake Ontario and private wells
  • King - water from Lake Ontario, Region and private wells

Water is distributed from 14 water pumping stations and stored at 37 elevated tanks and reservoirs:[citation needed]

List of water tanks

  • Reesor Park water tank - built 1971, now out of service and dismantled
  • Newmarket - 211 Harry Walker Parkway South
  • Richmond Hill - 81 Coon's Road
  • Schomberg - 186 Church Street, built 1997
  • King - 60 Fisher Street, built 1982
  • Stouffville - 12519 Tenth Line, built 1984
  • Stouffville - Bethesda Rd, built 2005
  • Aurora - 126 Allenvale Drive, 240 Orchard Heights Boulevard, built 1984
  • Aurora - 180 Bloomington Road, built 2008

Treatment Plants

  • Sutton Water Treatment Plant - closed
  • Georgina Water Treatment Plant - replaces Sutton plant
  • Keswick Water Treatment Plant

Education

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See also: Category:High schools in York Region
Seneca College Markham Campus

Public schools, with classes up to grade 12, are administered by the York Region District School Board, which operates 180 schools. In addition, the York Catholic District School Board operates 95 schools with a curriculum based in Roman Catholic doctrine.

Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology has three campuses located in York Region, in King, Markham and Newmarket. There is currently no university presence in York Region, however, York University is located just outside York Region's southern border in Toronto.

In addition, there are many other religious and private schools located in the Region. These include:

News media

York's news media is also served by the outlets based in Toronto.

Attractions

York Region has an unusual assortment of points of interest, ranging from nature reserves to pioneer-era museums, to a modern amusement park.

Sharon Temple located in Sharon, Ontario, Canada
Hillary House National Historic Site, Aurora

In Vaughan, the major attractions include the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, located in the community of Kleinburg and features works by Canadian artists including Inuit and First Nations artists. Canada's Wonderland, which features roller coasters and other rides, concerts and fireworks shows, is also in Vaughan.

Heritage sites and historical museums in the Region include:

Following is a sample of other attractions in the area:

Travel Region

York Region lies within the Central Counties of Ontario, a tourism related association.

Protected areas

Milne Park
  • Baker Sugarbush Conservation Area
  • Boyd Conservation Area
  • Bruce's Mill Conservation Area
  • Duclos Point Provincial Nature Reserve
  • Gold Creek Conservation Area
  • Holland Landing Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve
  • Kortright Centre for Conservation
  • Lake St. George Conservation Area
  • Mabel Davis Conservation Area
  • Milne Park
  • Pickering Lands Preservation Site
  • Rogers Reservoir Conservation Area [1]
  • Sheppards Bush Conservation Area
  • Sibbald Point Provincial Park
  • Thornton Bales King Conservation Area
  • Wesley Brooks Memorial Conservation Area (known as "Fairy Lake" locally[28])
  • Whitchurch Conservation Area
  • Willow Beach Conservation Area

Sister city

The Region of York signed a "Twinning Agreement" with the city of Omsk, Russia, on August 28, 1997, after it signed a "Friendship Agreement" one year previous.

Demographics

The Regional Municipality of York is one of the fastest growing census divisions in Canada; from 2001 to 2006, its population increased by 22.4%.[29] The 2009 mid-year population estimate by Statistics Canada was 1,016,379 residents.[30] It is the third-largest census division in Ontario, next to that of Toronto and Peel Region,[30] and seventh-largest in Canada.[4] Its population density of 585.9 residents per square kilometre is 11th highest in Canada.[4]

According to the Canada 2011 Census:[3]

  • Population:
    • in 2011: 1,032,524
    • in 2006: 892,712
    • change: +15.7%
  • Land area (square km) 1,762.17
  • Total private dwellings: 334,447
  • Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 323,543

According to the 2006 census visible minorities comprised 37.2% of the population of York Region.

  • Visible Minority groups
    • Chinese: 15.6%
    • South Asian: 9.1%
    • West Asian: 2.4%
    • Black: 2.4%
    • Filipino: 1.9%
    • Korean: 1.2%
    • South East Asian: 1.1%
    • Latin American: 1.0%
    • Arab: 0.8%
    • Japanese: 0.2%
    • Other: 0.4%
    • Multiple Visible Minority: 1.0%
  • European Ethnicities
    • Italy 16.9%
    • England 15.1%
    • Scotland 10.0%
    • Republic of Ireland 9.2%
    • Germany 5.0%
    • France 4.0%
    • Poland 3.6%
    • Russia 3.5%
    • Ukraine 2.1%
    • Greece 2.0%
    • Netherlands 2.0%
  • Other
    • Israel 0.2%

According to the Canada 2001 Census:[31]

  • Average value of dwelling: $298,018
  • First languages:
  • Median total income of persons 15 years of age and over: $28,566

Adjacent census divisions

 Simcoe County (Bradford West Gwillimbury) Lake Simcoe
Peel Region Durham Region
  York Regional Municipality  
Toronto

See also

References

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Notes

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Statistics Canada: 2012
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ The Regional Municipality of York Act, 1970, S.O. 1970, c. 50
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 1970 Act, s. 2
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 1970 Act, s. 178
  13. ↑ The York Municipal Hydro-Electric Service Act, 1978, S.O. 1978, c. 31
  14. ↑ 1978 Act, s.2
  15. ↑ 1978 Act, s.3
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 1978 Act, s.4
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ http://www.york.ca/Services/Water/Water+Supply/default_Water_Supply_New.htm
  22. ↑ http://www.newmarket.ca/en/townhall/resourcelibrary/2014WQSummaryReportFinal.pdf
  23. ↑ Richmond Hill Live Steamers. Richmond-hill-live-steamers.tripod.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  24. ↑ Town of Whitchurch Stouffville. Townofws.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  25. ↑ York-Durham Heritage Railway - "The Heritage Train" - Between Uxbridge and Stouffville. Ydhr.on.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  26. ↑ Welcome To Applewood Farm Winery - Fruit Wines - Apple & Strawberry Picking. Applewoodfarmwinery.com (2013-07-14). Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  27. ↑ Willow Springs Winery. Willow Springs Winery. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  28. ↑ Wesley Brooks Memorial :: Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. Lsrca.on.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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