Vespoidea
| Vespoidea | |
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| Dolichovespula maculata, Bald faced hornet | |
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Vespoidea
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See text |
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The Vespoidea are a superfamily of order Hymenoptera of class Insecta, although older taxonomic schemes may vary in this categorization, particularly in their recognition of a now-obsolete superfamily Scolioidea. The members of this group are known as wasps and ants.
Vespoid families
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| Phylogenetic relationships of Vespoid families based on Brothers (1999)[1] |
- †Armaniidae[2] - "ant-like wasps"[3]
- Bradynobaenidae - bradynobaenid wasps
- Chyphotidae - chyphotid wasps
- Formicidae - ants
- Mutillidae - velvet ants/velvet wasps
- Myrmosidae - myrmosid wasps
- Pompilidae - spider wasps
- Rhopalosomatidae - rhopalosomatid wasps
- Sapygidae - sapygid wasps
- Scoliidae - scoliid wasps
- Sierolomorphidae - sierolomorphid wasps
- Thynnidae - thynnid wasps
- Tiphiidae - tiphiid wasps
- Vespidae - paper wasps, hornets, potter wasps, yellow jackets, and relatives
Newer research based on four nuclear genes (elongation factor-1α F2 copy, long-wavelength rhodopsin, wingless and the D2–D3 regions of 28S ribosomal RNA—2700 bp in total) suggests the higher-level relationships need to be changed, with Rhopalosomatidae as a sister group of the Vespidae and the clade Rhopalosomatidae + Vespidae as sister to all other vespoids and apoids. Additionally, superfamily Apoidea is found to be within the Vespoidea, suggesting the dismantling of Vespoidea (sensu lato) into many smaller superfamilies; Formicoidea, Scolioidea, Tiphioidea, Thynnoidea, and Pompiloidea in addition to a much more narrowly defined Vespoidea. Finally, families Mutillidae, Tiphiidae, and Bradynobaenidae were found to be paraphyletic.[4] Another recent study confirms the need for revision of high-level relationships, although the pattern of sister-group relationships within the putative Vespoidea matches the same basic pattern as the 2008 study, including a paraphyletic Bradynobaenidae and Tiphiidae.[5]
References
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