Ulugh Muhammad
Ulugh Muhammad (died 1445) (Urdu; Persian; Arabic: الغ محمد ; Tatar: Oluğ Möxämmäd, Russian: Olugh Mokhammad), written as Ulanus by orientalists, was twice Khan of the Golden Horde and founder of the Khanate of Kazan.
Reign
Ulugh Muhammad first came to power following the death of Yeremferden. His main competitor for control of the Horde was his cousin[1] Dawlat Berdi, The son of Yeremferden. For much of his reign Ulugh Muhammad controlled Sarai, and was therefore seen as the more legitimate ruler within the Horde, although it was captured by his rival after the Siege of Sarai in 1420 and held by him for two years.
In 1422 Baraq Khan defeated both Ulugh Muhammad and Dawlat and drove them out of the country. while Dawlat remained in the outskirts of Crimea, Ulugh Muhammad fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and plead for assistance from Vytautas the Great. With this assistance he was able to march on Baraq and capture Sarai.
After regaining control over the Khanate, Ulugh Muhammad marched on Crimea, where Dawlat Berdi had re-established himself following Baraq's defeat and death. After a series of indecisive skirmishes his invasion was cut short due to the death of Vytautas, which forced Ulugh Muhammad to concentrate his forces on Lithuania, where he supported Sigismund Kęstutaitis against Švitrigaila in the fight for the Lithuanian throne. Svitrigaila in turn supported Dawlat Berdi and later Sayid Ahmad I, as did Vasili II of Russia.
Ulugh Muhammad lost control of the Golden Horde again in the late 1430s and fled east, where he captured Kazan and founded the Khanate of Kazan. From that location he waged a series of successful wars against Muscovy which culminated in the capture and ransom of Vasili II.[2]
Family
Ulugh Muhammad was most likely the son of Jalal ad-Din khan, and the grandson of Tokhtamysh, although he may have been descended from Hassan Jefai, a relative of Tokhtamysh.[3] Either way, he was a descendant of Jochi and therefore of Genghis Khan.[4]
Genealogy
- Genghis Khan
- Jochi
- Touka-Timour
- Ureng-Timour (Khan de Crimée)
- Saridja
- Toulak-Timour
- Touka-Timour
- Kendjé-Tok-Timour
- Ali-Bek-Toula-Timour
- Hassan-Tak-Timour
- Ulugh Muhammad (1437-1446)**
- Yakoub
- Shaykh Ahmed
- Hussein-Ivan Vassiliévitch
- Prince Ivan Ivanovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Timofeï Ivanovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Ivan Timofeïevitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Piotr Ivanovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Mikhaïl Petrovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Andreï Mikhaïlovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Prokhor AndréÏevitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Alexandre Prokhorovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Prohor Alexandrovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Alexandre Prokhorovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Alexis Alexandrovitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Georges Alexéïevitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Cyril Alexéïevitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Prince Alexandre Alexéïevitch Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- 1)-Princesse Kyra Alexandrovna Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- 2)Princesse Irina Alexandrovna Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- 3)Princesse Xénia Alexandrovna Schirinsky-Schikhmatoff
- Sources: archives familiales et le livre de velours des familles nobles de Russie.
See also
Further reading
- Paine, Sheila: The Golden Horde: From the Himalaya to the Mediterranean, Penguin Books, 1998.
- Crummey, Robert: Formation of Muscovy 1304-1613, Longman Group, 1987.=
References
- ↑ , Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, p. 253. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.
- ↑ Grousset, Rene: The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, p. 181. Rutgers University Press, 1970.
- ↑ Howorth, Henry Hoyle, History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 2: The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia, p. 449. Adamant Media Corporation, 2006.
- ↑ , Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, p. 253. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.
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Ulugh Muhammad
House of Borjigin (Боржигин) (1206–1635)
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Khan of the Golden Horde (with Dawlat Berdi) 1419–1421 |
Succeeded by Baraq |
| Preceded by | Khan of the Golden Horde (with Dawlat Berdi) 1427–1437 |
Succeeded by Sayid Ahmad I |
| Preceded by
the Khanate established
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Khan of the Kazan Khanate 1437–1445 |
Succeeded by Mäxmüd |
