Tunisian general election, 1989
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General elections were held in Tunisia on 2 April 1989. It was the first time presidential elections had been held since 1974, as Habib Bourguiba had been declared President-for-life the following year. However, his replacement, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, was the only candidate, and was re-elected unopposed. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Constitutional Democratic Rally (a renamed Socialist Destourian Party) won all 141 seats. Voter turnout was 76.5% in the parliamentary election and 76.1% in the presidential election.[1]
Results
President
| Candidates | Parties | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Constitutional Democratic Rally | 2,087,028 | 100 | |
| Blank or invalid votes | 15,348 | - | ||
| Total | 2,102,351 | 100.00 | ||
Chamber of Deputies
| Parties | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Democratic Rally | 1,633,004 | 80.6 | 141 | +16 | |
| Movement of Socialist Democrats | 76,250 | 3.8 | - | new | |
| Party of People's Unity | 13,596 | 0.7 | - | new | |
| Unionist Democratic Union | 7,912 | 0.4 | - | new | |
| Leftist Coalition | 7,619 | 0.3 | - | new | |
| Progressive Socialist Party | 5,720 | 0.4 | - | new | |
| Social Party for Progress | 5,270 | 0.3 | - | new | |
| Socialist Progressive Rally | 4,054 | 0.2 | - | new | |
| IRSP | 1,224 | 0.1 | - | new | |
| Independents | 277,155 | 13.7 | - | - | |
| Valid votes | 2,041,883 | 98.4 | 141 | +16 | |
| Blank or invalid votes | 31,836 | 1.6 | |||
| Total | 2,073,719 | 100.0 | |||
| Voter turnout | 76.5 | ||||
| Electorate | 2,711,925 | ||||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | |||||
Aftermath
Although the elections in 1989 were the fairest elections the country has experienced until that day, its results were heavily contested.
Different sources offer ostensibly official figures that diverge significantly, most notably in respect to the share of votes received by the Ennahda Movement. Without official recognition as a party, the party fielded independent candidates that received between 10% and 17% of the vote nationally according to different "official" results quoted by different academics.[2][3][4][5][6]
Both the legal opposition and the Ennahda Movement charged the government with electoral fraud, with the Ennahda Movement claiming to have received between 60-80% of votes.[7] According to other analysts, the elections demonstrated the staying power of the state party RCD, which had expanded its membership in the run-up to the election to encompass nearly 40% of the registered electorate [8][9]
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />| Presidential elections | |
|---|---|
| Parliamentary elections | |
| Regional elections | |
| Local elections | |
| French elections | |
| Referendums | |
- ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, pp919-20 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ↑ Leveau, Rémy, ‘La Tunisie du Président Ben Ali: Equilibre interne et environnement arabe,’ Maghreb-Machrek No. 124 (1989), p10
- ↑ Burgat, François and William Dowell, The Islamic Movement in North Africa, 2nd Edition (Austin, 1997), p234
- ↑ Murphy, Emma C., Economic and Political Change in Tunisia: From Bourguiba to Ben Ali, (Basingstoke/London, 1999), p180
- ↑ Hermassi, Abdelbaki, ‘The Rise and Fall of the Islamist Movement in Tunisia,’ in Laura Guazzone (ed.), The Islamist Dilemma (Reading, 1995), pp118-119
- ↑ A. Dahmani ‘Tunisie: L’accès aux medias et le code electoral,’ Jeune Afrique (22 January 1990), p33
- ↑ Daoud, Zakya, ‘Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 28 (1989), p685
- ↑ Daoud, Zakya, Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 29 (1990), p784
- ↑ Daoud, Zakya, ‘Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 28 (1989), p684
