Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021

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Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021
File:Radar collage of a long-lived supercell radar on December 10-11, 2021.png
Radar collage of a supercell that spawned a tornado family during the outbreak
Type Extratropical cyclone
Winter storm
Tornado outbreak
Duration December 10–11, 2021
Lowest pressure 974 mbar (28.8 inHg)[1]
Tornadoes confirmed 17+
Max rating1 EF3+ tornado
Damage Unknown
Areas affected Central United States, Southern United States, Midwestern United States
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

A rare, late-season tornado outbreak affected portions of the Southern and Midwestern United States from the evening of December 10 to the early morning of December 11, 2021. The event progressed as a trough progressed eastward across the United States, interacting with an unseasonably moist and unstable environment across the Mississippi Valley. Tornado activity began in northeastern Arkansas, before progressing into Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, and Kentucky.[2]

The most prolific activity was caused by a long-track supercell thunderstorm that produced a family of strong tornadoes, if not a single long-track tornado, across four states. The tornadoes first touched down in northeastern Arkansas, and tracked through the Missouri Bootheel, ripping through towns such as Monette and Leachville, Arkansas, and Hayti and Caruthersville, Missouri; after crossing the Mississippi River into portions of West Tennessee, the storm eventually tore through western Kentucky, where the towns of Mayfield, Bremen and Dawson Springs suffered catastrophic damage.[2]

Preliminary estimates suggest the tornado family—identified by some media outlets as the "Quad-State tornado," due to the storm's similar characteristics to the 1925 Tri-State tornado—may have cut a path of up to 250 miles (400 km) across the affected areas; if confirmed to be a single tornado, it would surpass the March 18, 1925, tornado event (which carved a 219-mile [352 km] path across Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana) in terms of path length.[3] Other tornadic thunderstorms affected portions of eastern Missouri, southern Illinois, western and middle Tennessee, and western and central Kentucky during the late evening into the overnight hours of December 11, including two intense tornadoes that hit Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Defiance, Missouri.

At least 83 people have been confirmed killed by the tornadoes. Unconfirmed estimates suggest that the tornado outbreak may have caused 100 deaths across the four states, with 70 residents feared dead in Mayfield, Kentucky.[4][5] If confirmed, it would be the deadliest tornado event in Kentucky state history, surpassing the Louisville-area tornado of March 27, 1890, which caused at least 76 fatalities.[6]

Meteorological synopsis

File:QuadStateTorMRMS2.jpg
Rotation tracks for the Quad-State Tornado Family, which took place across Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky during the night of December 10, 2021 into the next day. Stronger rotations are in blue. Area affected by the Quad-State tornado family encircled.

The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) first delineated a slight risk of severe weather along much of the Mississippi Valley on December 8. Despite the potential for a higher-end severe threat to materialize, forecasters expressed uncertainty regarding the extent of instability, degree of directional wind shear, and late timing of potential storms.[7] The following day, the SPC discussed higher certainty in a corridor of organized severe thunderstorm potential stretching from southeastern Arkansas northeast into southern Indiana, upgrading that region to an enhanced risk.[8]

As an intense upper-level trough progressed across the High Plains, with robust instability and moisture return realized across the Mississippi Valley, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk and introduced a moderate risk area from northeastern Arkansas into southern Illinois on the morning of December 10. Forecasters indicated that atmospheric conditions favored the development of nocturnal supercells capable of producing long-tracked, strong tornadoes.[9]

At 3:00 p.m. CST (21:00 UTC), the SPC issued a tornado watch across the highest risk area (encompassing central and eastern Arkansas, west Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, southeastern Missouri, and southern portions of Illinois and Indiana), the first of many issued over subsequent hours.[10] Initial storms developed across central Missouri southward into central Arkansas a little over an hour later,[11] and though this activity lacked much vigor at its onset,[12] convective cells began to show organization as they progressed eastward.

One such storm matured into a long-lived supercell as it progressed in an unstable, deeply moist, and highly-sheared environment;[13] this cell, which began to develop surface-based rotation southwest of Searcy, Arkansas around 5:30 p.m. CST, ultimately persisted for 250 miles (400 km) over several hours from eastern Arkansas into Kentucky, producing multiple large and intense tornadoes along its track.[14] Elsewhere, multiple lines of intense storms, some featuring embedded supercells, developed across the Mississippi Valley region, contributing to additional strong and long-lived tornadoes.[15][16] Finally, by the pre-dawn hours of December 11, a decrease in instability led to a gradual weakening of a line of storms stretching from eastern Kentucky southward into central Alabama.[17][18]

The National Weather Service (NWS) issued a total of 146 tornado warnings throughout the night for areas in several states including Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana. Multiple PDS tornado warnings and tornado emergencies were also issued as well in Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. Eight of the tornado warnings issued during the event by the NWS offices in Memphis, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky, included tornado emergency declarations, the most issued during the month of December (breaking the previous record of three issued on December 23, 2015).[19][20]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
2 5 6 4 0 0 17+

December 10 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, December 10, 2021[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF1 WSW of Taylorsville Spencer KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 00:50–00:52 1.52 mi (2.45 km) TBD Preliminary survey.[21]
EF0 NE of Wellsville Montgomery MO Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 00:59–01:00 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) A weak tornado downed trees and damaged corn crops.[22]
EF? SW of Monette, AR to NE of Samburg, TN Craighead (AR), Mississippi (AR), Dunklin (MO), Pemiscot (MO), Lake (TN), Obion (TN) AR, MO, TN Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 01:08–02:45 ~80 mi (130 km) >500 yd (460 m) 5 deaths – Long-tracked, intense tornado struck numerous towns. One death occurred in a nursing home in Monette. Another person was killed when a Dollar General collapsed in Leachville. Three other deaths occurred in Tennessee. Preliminary survey.
EF1 NW of Branson West Stone MO Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 01:37–01:40 0.67 mi (1.08 km) 75 yd (69 m) Around 20 homes sustained roof and siding damage, and trees and power lines were downed.[23]
EF3 NW of Augusta to SE of Harvester St. Charles, St. Louis MO Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 01:35–01:57 21 mi (34 km) 100 yd (91 m) 1 death – A high-end EF3 tornado completely destroyed two homes near Defiance. One was 110 years old and lacked anchoring to the concrete foundation, and the other, where one person was killed and two others were injured, was swept clean to the subfloor, which was still anchored to the concrete foundation. Many other homes and structures were damaged along the path. Vehicles were damaged, and trees and power lines were downed.[22][24]
EF2 SSW of Virginia to ESE of Chandlerville Cass IL Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 01:47–01:59 12.78 mi (20.57 km) 200 yd (180 m) A tornado caused significant damage to a home and demolished several farm buildings on a farmstead. One horse was killed and another was injured. Several storage tanks were overturned, approximately 15 power poles were damaged, and trees were downed.[25]
EF1 S of Diaz Jackson AR Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 02:06–02:07 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 80 yd (73 m) Apartment buildings and structures at a nearby park were damaged. Several trees were uprooted.[26]
EF2 NE of Augusta Woodruff, Jackson AR Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 02:13–02:22 8.6 mi (13.8 km) 500 yd (460 m) Homes and farm buildings were severely damaged. Trees were snapped and uprooted. Three people were injured.[26][24]
EF3 SW of Edwardsville Madison IL Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 02:28–02:32 3.65 mi (5.87 km) 300 yd (270 m) 6 deaths – A significant tornado touched down just northeast of Pontoon Beach, rapidly intensifying before striking an Amazon warehouse. The west-facing walls of the structure collapsed inward, causing cascading structural failure to walls and a large section of the roof. Six people were killed in the warehouse. Cars at the facility were thrown eastward, while power lines and several large high-tension towers were destroyed. An unanchored mobile home and an outbuilding were destroyed, while houses suffered more superficial damage. Trees were downed along the path.[27]
EF1 SSW of Beedeville Jackson AR Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 02:30–02:31 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 30 yd (27 m) Some trees were uprooted, and a couple travel trailers were blown over.[26]
EF3+ SW of Cayce to SSE of Hardinsburg Fulton, Hickman, Graves, Marshall, Lyon, Caldwell, Hopkins, Muhlenberg, McLean, Ohio, McLean, Breckinridge, Grayson KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 03:00–05:50 ~150 mi (240 km) >1,320 yd (1,210 m) 23+ confirmed deaths (70+ est) – Long-tracked, intense tornado struck numerous towns including Mayfield, Benton, Princeton, and Dawson Springs. The tornado dissipated northeast of McDaniels in Breckinridge County. Confirmed via numerous storm spotters and tornado debris signature. Eleven deaths were confirmed in Dawson Springs, twelve in Bremen, and an estimated 70+ in Mayfield.[28] The number of fatalities is estimated based on reports from government officials. Six tornado emergencies were issued for this tornado.[29] Preliminary survey.[30]
EF2 S of Sorento to NW of Cowden Bond, Montgomery, Fayette, Shelby IL Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 02:53–03:36 41.47 mi (66.74 km) 690 yd (630 m) A long-tracked tornado destroyed outbuildings, snapped, twisted, or uprooted many trees, and downed power lines.[27][31]
EF2 SSE of Windsor to NE of Mattoon Shelby, Moultrie, Coles IL Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 03:50–04:04 15.8 mi (25.4 km) 200 yd (180 m) A small farm outbuilding was destroyed and power poles were broken southeast of Windsor. The tornado struck an agricultural services plant west of Gays, damaging or destroying several buildings and flipping three tanker trucks. Additional homes and outbuildings were damaged in western Coles County.[32]
EF0 N of Cedar Lake Lake IN Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 04:05–04:10 4.8 mi (7.7 km) 100 yd (91 m) A weak tornado caused scattered light to moderate roof damage. Numerous tree limbs were snapped, and several trees and a power pole were downed.[33]
EF1 W of McDaniels Ohio, Breckinridge, Grayson KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 05:41–05:45 >4.1 mi (6.6 km) 150 yd (140 m) Preliminary survey. Likely connected to the long-track tornado that struck Mayfield.

December 11 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, December 11, 2021[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF? SW of Bumpus Mills to Pembroke Stewart (TN), Christian (KY) TN, KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 06:00–06:30 >25 mi (40 km) >100 yd (91 m) Structural damage and injuries were reported in Stewart County. Confirmed via tornado debris signature. Tornado may have struck Weakley and Henry counties. Three people were injured.[24]
EF? W of Russellville Logan KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 06:45– >5 mi (8.0 km) >100 yd (91 m) Confirmed via numerous storm spotters and tornado debris signature.
EF3 Bowling Green Warren KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 07:19–07:24 5 mi (8.0 km) 250 yd (230 m) 7 deaths – Tornado moved through downtown Bowling Green, where hundreds of homes sustained significant damage, including exterior walls collapsed, roofs removed, garages blown in, and garages destroyed. Hundreds of power lines were downed and power poles were snapped. Many trees were snapped, uprooted, or twisted. Dozens of vehicles were flipped, twisted, and thrown into homes. A fully loaded tractor-trailer was moved about 15 yards (14 m) in front of a restaurant. At the GM Corvette Assembly Plant, significant roof damage occurred, with metal sheeting, insulation, and other debris thrown hundreds of yards. A security checkpoint at the Corvette assembly plant was totally destroyed, with large sections of the building being thrown several hundred yards. Dozens of people were injured. Preliminary survey.[34]
EF2 Horse Cave to Hardyville Hart KY Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 07:51–08:03 8 mi (13 km) 200 yd (180 m) Preliminary survey. One person was injured.
EF1 S of Ada Hardin OH Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 08:06–08:10 1.6 mi (2.6 km) 260 yd (240 m) A business, a home, and nearby outbuildings sustained extensive damage. Debris from the outbuildings were blown 0.7 miles (1.1 km) away. Multiple trees were snapped as well.[35]
EF2 SW of Dickson Dickson TN Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 08:44 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) Preliminary survey. A poorly anchored house was destroyed.[21]

Impact

Overall, several states were heavily impacted by tornadoes. Many communities had their homes notably damaged, with some collapsed and reduced to rubble. Trees had their leaves and branches completely removed in some areas, and ground scouring occured. At least 94 people were confirmed dead after the tornadoes, eighty of whom in Kentucky.

Outbreak death toll
State Fatalities County Fatalities
Arkansas 2 Craighead 1[36]
Mississippi 1[37]
Illinois 6 Madison 6[38]
Kentucky 80+ Unknown 45+[39]
Hopkins 11[40]
Muhlenberg 12[41]
Taylor 1[42]
Warren 11[43]
Missouri 1 St. Charles 1[44]
Tennessee 4 Lake 2[45]
Obion 1[46]
Shelby 1
Total 94+

Arkansas

The Monette Manor nursing home in Monette was struck by a tornado, causing the death of one person and trapping twenty others.[47] Five people were reported seriously injured.[48] A nursing home in the city of Trumann was damaged, but nobody was injured; the building was being evacuated before the tornado struck.[48] Near Trumann, Interstate 555 was closed due to overturned vehicles.[49] In addition, a woman was killed at a Dollar General in Leachville, Arkansas.[49]

Illinois

According to Edwardsville police, at least six people died during the collapse of an Amazon warehouse in the town.[50] Drone footage showed a partially collapsed roof and a gutted interior.[51] Between 50 and 100 people were also trapped in the intact remnants of the warehouse;[52] about 30 people were brought to the Pontoon Beach police station in a bus for further evaluation.[48] One person was air-flown via helicopter to a hospital.[53] The tornado blew the roof of the building off, and a 100-foot wall also collapsed.[48][54]

Kentucky

Most of the structures in the city of Mayfield were heavily damaged or destroyed.[55] Serious damage occurred to several structures in the Mayfield Downtown Commercial District, including the city hall; the Graves County Courthouse suffered significant roof damage and lost some of its exterior upper-floor walls.[56] The fire station and police station in the city were also destroyed.[57] The town's emergency operations center lost the ability to transmit radio communications.[58]

About 110 people reportedly were trapped at the Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory when the tornado hit the facility; 40 people have been rescued from the building so far, although 60 others remain missing.[59][57][48] Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear stated that over 50 people died in the city during a live phone interview with Louisville CBS affiliate WLKY.[4] He later upped his estimate to 70 people, and also said that the death toll could rise to over 100.[6]

A train derailment occurred in Earlington involving a CSX freight line train. The tornado picked up one of the train's freight cars, throwing it into a house. No casualties were reported.[60]

In Trigg County, over 14,000 residents were left without power.[61] Across the entire state, there were estimates between 60,000 and over 80,000 people being left without power.[54][49]

A tornado touched down near Bowling Green and approached downtown around 1:17 a.m. CST. The overnight tornado's approach was noticed during long-form severe weather coverage on ABC/Fox affiliate WBKO; the station's tower camera, which was pointed toward the western sections of Bowling Green, captured a massive power failure in that part of the city as several transmission lines were knocked offline by the tornado, before the station's studio facility (located along US 68/KY 80 and the William H. Natcher Parkway) briefly lost electricity.[62]

Significant storm damage was reported in Bowling Green, prompting Western Kentucky University to cancel commencement ceremonies on the coming Saturday, due to the campus losing power; a relative of a graduating WKU student was killed in the storm.[63] At least 11 fatalities were reported in Bowling Green and nearby affected areas of Warren County, according to WBKO, and an unknown number of injuries have been reported from the city and Warren County as well; apartment complexes and factories on the west side of the city suffered the most severe damage from the tornado.[64][65]

At Bremen in Muhlenberg County, the death toll stood at 12, with victims ranging between the ages of 5 months and 75 years.[41] Among the fatalities was District Judge Brian Crick, who represented Muhlenberg and McLean counties, confirmed in a statement from the Supreme Court of Kentucky.[66] Multiple residents suffered injuries that required medical attention. A large number of trees fell and many homes were destroyed.[67]

In Taylor County, one woman was killed. Officials in the county said major damage occurred, but the extent is not known.[68] Rescue workers said many structures were destroyed in the county. Injured individuals were transported to a nearby medical facility.[42]

The National Weather Service office in Paducah temporarily transferred warning responsibilities for its County Warning Area to the agency's Springfield, Missouri office, and NOAA Weather Radio stations operated by the Paducah office temporarily went off-the-air during the outbreak.[58]

The death toll in Kentucky has left at least 70 confirmed dead. Search and rescue teams are still actively looking for survivors.[59] The tornado is estimated to likely be the deadliest single tornado in Kentucky history since the 1890 Louisville-area outbreak, and the deadliest outbreak to have occurred in the state since the 1974 Super Outbreak.[69]

Missouri

In St. Charles County, Missouri, one person died and three more were injured, one seriously, due to building collapses.[70] The tornado touched down near Missouri Route 94 in Defiance before barreling into town.[48][71]

Tennessee

Three deaths (two in Obion County and one in Lake County) were confirmed by officials at the Obion County Emergency Management and Tennessee Emergency Management Agency.[72][73] A fourth person was reported dead in Shelby County. Multiple serious injuries were also reported at a mobile home park in Samburg and at a resort.[74] Samburg was reported to be "pretty well flattened" by the Obion County Sheriff's Office dispatcher.[49] More than 130,000 people were left without power in the state.[49]

Non-tornadic impacts

The initial winter storm, unofficially referred to by the Weather Channel (TWC) as Winter Storm Atticus,[75][76] entered the Western United States on December 9. The storm brought the first measurable snowfall of the rainy season to Utah. In southern Wyoming and Colorado, the storm dropped a maximum total of 3 feet (0.91 m) of snow in the mountains.[77]

In Minnesota, some towns and cities received over one foot (30 cm) of snow. The Twin Cities received a maximum total of 21 inches (53 cm) of snow, making the winter storm the heaviest snowstorm recorded in the area since another blizzard in April 2018.[75] Minneapolis and St. Paul each declared snow emergencies. In the Twin Cities, Metro Transit reported that half of its busses were delayed. More than 250 flights were canceled at Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. Near Faribault, a seven-car pileup occurred on Interstate 35. Minnesota State Patrol reported 232 crashes, causing 19 injuries.[78] The National Weather Service issued winter storm warnings for part of Minnesota during the December 10.[79]

In South Dakota, Sioux Falls issued a snow alert. The Lincoln County Sheriff's Office issued a no-travel alert. Several highways, including Interstate 229 and Interstate 90 were snow-covered.[80] Numerous school districts around the area cancelled classes on December 10.[81]

The storm system brought wind gusts up to 60 mph (95 km/h) to Lower Michigan and northern Indiana.[75] Nearly 200,000 customers were left without power in Michigan as the storm passed through,[82] while more than 7,000 customers lost power in Wisconsin.[83]

Aftermath

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"I promise you, whatever is needed — whatever is needed — the federal government is going to find a way to provide it."

Joe Biden, to Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear[84]

Recovery efforts are currently underway, as disaster-aid and humanitarian groups, such as the American Red Cross, The Salvation Army, and World Vision are collecting donations and traveling to or shipping relief items to affected areas to provide aid.[85] An emergency disaster declaration was approved by United States President Joe Biden for the state of Kentucky.[85] Biden also stated that he would approve emergency declarations for other states if they submitted them.[57]

On December 11, Governor Beshear declared a state of emergency for parts of western Kentucky.[86] Beshear also announced the creation of a tornado relief fund and asked people to donate blood, as donated blood was running low throughout the pandemic.[85]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 https://apps.dat.noaa.gov/StormDamage/DamageViewer/
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ References for tornado emergencies:
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named McGee
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  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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