Tom Daschle

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The Honorable
Tom Daschle
Tom Daschle, official Senate photo.jpg
United States Senator
from South Dakota
In office
January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2005
Preceded by James Abdnor
Succeeded by John Thune
Senate Majority Leader
In office
June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
Deputy Harry Reid
Preceded by Trent Lott
Succeeded by Bill Frist
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001
Deputy Harry Reid
Preceded by Trent Lott
Succeeded by Trent Lott
Senate Minority Leader
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2005
Deputy Harry Reid
Preceded by Trent Lott
Succeeded by Harry Reid
In office
January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001
Deputy Harry Reid
Preceded by Trent Lott
Succeeded by Trent Lott
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001
Deputy Wendell Ford
Harry Reid
Preceded by Bob Dole
Succeeded by Trent Lott
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's At-large district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987
Preceded by Constituency established
Succeeded by Tim Johnson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's 1st district
In office
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1983
Preceded by Larry Pressler
Succeeded by Constituency abolished
Personal details
Born Thomas Andrew Daschle
(1947-12-09) December 9, 1947 (age 76)
Aberdeen, South Dakota, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Laurie Fulton (Divorced 1983)
Linda Hall (1984–present)
Alma mater South Dakota State University
Religion Roman Catholicism
Military service
Allegiance  United States
Service/branch  United States Air Force
Years of service 1969–1972

Thomas Andrew "Tom" Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a policy advisor, lobbyist, former U.S. Senator from South Dakota, and former U.S. Senate Majority Leader. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

A South Dakota native, Daschle obtained his university degree there, and served in the United States Air Force. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms. In 1986 he was elected to the Senate, becoming minority leader in 1994. Defeated for re-election in 2004, he took a position as a policy advisor with a lobbying firm, and also became a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. He co-authored a book advocating universal health care.

Daschle was an early supporter of Barack Obama’s presidential candidacy, and was offered the position of Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services after the 2008 election. He was President Obama's nominee to serve as the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the Cabinet,[1] but withdrew his name on February 3, 2009, amid a growing controversy over his failure to accurately report and pay income taxes.[2] He is currently working for The Daschle Group, a Public Policy Advisory of Baker Donelson,[3] a large law firm and lobbying group.

Family background

Daschle was born in Aberdeen, South Dakota, the son of Elizabeth B. (née Meier) and Sebastian C. Daschle, both of German descent. His paternal grandparents were Volga Germans.[4] Daschle grew up in a working-class Roman Catholic family as the eldest of four brothers.[Note 1][6] He became the first person in his family to graduate from college when he earned a B.A. in political science from South Dakota State University in 1969. While attending South Dakota State University, Daschle became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega. From 1969 to 1972, Daschle served in the United States Air Force as an intelligence officer with the Strategic Air Command.[7]

In the mid-1970s Daschle was an aide to then Senator James Abourezk of South Dakota.

Daschle has been married to Linda Hall, who was Miss Kansas in 1976, since 1984, one year after his marriage to his first wife, Laurie, ended in divorce.[8] Hall was acting administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration in the Clinton administration; she is now a Washington lobbyist. Her lobbying clients have included American Airlines, Lockheed Martin, and Boeing, Senate lobbying records show.[9][10][11] Daschle has three children from his first marriage: Kelly, Nathan, and Lindsay. Nathan is the CEO of Ruck.us and former Executive Director of the Democratic Governors Association.[12]

Career in the House of Representatives

In 1978 Daschle was elected to the United States House of Representatives, winning the race by a margin of 139 votes, following a recount, out of more than 129,000 votes cast.[13] Daschle served four terms in the House of Representatives and quickly became a part of the Democratic leadership.

At the 1980 Democratic National Convention Congressman Daschle received 10 (0.30%) delegate votes for Vice President of the United States.[14] Although he was not a candidate, Daschle (along with others) received votes against incumbent Walter Mondale, who was renominated easily.

Senate career

In 1986, Daschle was elected to the Senate in a close victory over incumbent Republican James Abdnor, becoming the nation's 1,776th[citation needed] senator. In his first year, he was appointed to the Finance Committee. In 1994 he was chosen by his colleagues to succeed the retiring Senator George Mitchell as Democratic Minority Leader. In the history of the Senate, only Lyndon B. Johnson had served fewer years before being elected to lead his party. In addition to the Minority Leader's post, Daschle also served as a member of the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry. South Dakotans reelected Daschle to the Senate by overwhelming margins in 1998. At various points in his career, he served on the Veterans Affairs, Indian Affairs, Finance, and Ethics Committees.

When the 107th Congress commenced on January 3, 2001, the Senate was evenly divided—that is, there were 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans. Outgoing Vice President Al Gore acted in his constitutional capacity as ex officio President of the Senate, and used his tie-breaking vote to give the Democrats the majority in that chamber. For the next two weeks, Daschle served as Senate Majority Leader. Then, upon the commencement of the Bush administration on January 20, 2001, Dick Cheney became President of the Senate, thereby returning Democrats to the minority in that body; Daschle reverted to the position of Senate Minority Leader. However, on June 6, 2001, Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont announced in that he was leaving the Senate Republican caucus to become an independent and to caucus with Democrats;[15] this once again returned control of the body to the Democrats and Daschle again became Majority Leader.

Democratic losses in the November 2002 elections returned the party to the minority in the Senate in January 2003 and Daschle once more reverted to being Minority Leader.

Daschle recounted his Senate experiences from 2001 to 2003 in his first book, Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America Forever ISBN 9781400049554, published in 2003.[16] With Charles Robbins, he has also written the book The U.S. Senate: Fundamentals of American Government.

Anthrax case in 2001

In October 2001, while he was the Senate Majority Leader, Daschle's office received a letter containing anthrax, becoming a target of the 2001 anthrax attacks.[17] Many of his staffers were confirmed to have been exposed,[17] as well as several of Senator Russ Feingold's staffers and Capitol police officers.[18]

Views on abortion

Daschle has a mixed voting record on abortion-related issues, which led the pro-choice organization NARAL to give him a 50% vote rating.[19] In 1999 and 2003, Daschle voted in favor of the ban on partial-birth abortion,[20][21] and supported legislation making it a crime to harm a fetus when someone attacks a pregnant woman.[22] (Investigators into the 2001 anthrax attacks, which included Senator Daschle's Capitol Hill office, suspect that alleged anthrax mailer Bruce Ivins may have chosen to target Daschle over his views on abortion, although Ivins's lawyer disputed this alleged motive.)[23] In 2003 Daschle's stance on abortion was reportedly criticized by Roman Catholic Bishop Robert Carlson wrote to Senator Daschle as in conflict with Roman Catholic teaching, and that he should no longer identify himself as a Catholic.[24]

2004 Senate election

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Main article: United States Senate election in South Dakota, 2004

In the 2004 Senate election, John Thune defeated Daschle by 4,508 votes, 50.5% to 49.4%.[25] It was the first time that a Senate party leader had lost a bid for reelection since 1952.[26] Senate majority Leader Bill Frist visited South Dakota to campaign for Thune.

Throughout the campaign, Thune, along with Frist, President George W. Bush, and Vice President Cheney, frequently accused Daschle of being the "chief obstructionist" of Bush's agenda and charged him with using filibusters to block confirmation of several of Bush's nominees. The Republican candidate also drove home his strong support for the war. In a nationally televised debate on NBC's Meet the Press, Thune accused Daschle of "emboldening the enemy" in his skepticism of the Iraq war.[27]

When the race began in early 2004, Daschle led by 7% in January and February. By May, his lead was just 2% and summer polls showed a varying number of trends: Daschle or Thune led by no more than 2%, but some polls showed a tie. Throughout September, Daschle led Thune by margins of 2-5% while during the entire month of October into the November 2 election, most polls showed that Thune and Daschle were dead even, usually tied 49-49 among likely voters. Some polls showed either Thune or Daschle leading by extremely slim margins.

Post-Senate career

Official Senate portrait by Aaron Shikler

Career and public service

Following his reelection defeat, Daschle took a position with the lobbying arm of the K Street law firm Alston & Bird. Because he was prohibited by law from lobbying for one year after leaving the Senate,[28] he instead worked as a "special policy adviser" for the firm.[29][30]

Alston & Bird's healthcare clients include CVS Caremark, the National Association for Home Care and Hospice, Abbott Laboratories, and HealthSouth.[9] The firm was paid $5.8 million between January and September 2008 to represent companies and associations before Congress and the executive branch, with 60% of that money coming from the healthcare industry.[10] Daschle was recruited by the former Republican Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole.[31] Daschle's salary from Alston & Bird for the year 2008 was reportedly $2 million.[32]

Daschle was also a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. In addition, he served as National Co-Chair of ONE Vote ‘08, along with former Senator Bill Frist. He and former Senators George Mitchell, Bob Dole, and Howard Baker formed the Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC), dedicated to finding bipartisan solutions for policy disputes.[7] Daschle is also a co-chair of BPC's Health Project.

In May 2005, South Dakota State University, Daschle's alma mater, conferred upon him an honorary doctorate for public service.[33] In May 2011, Daschle was further honored with an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Northern State University in his hometown of Aberdeen.

In late September 2005, Daschle caught the attention of the media by reactivating his political action committee, changing its name from DASHPAC to New Leadership for America PAC and procuring a speaking slot at the Iowa Democratic Party's annual Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner. He has continued to keep a relatively high profile among Democratic interest groups. These moves were interpreted by the media as an exploration of a potential 2008 Presidential candidacy. On December 2, 2006, announced he would not run for President in 2008.[34]

In an appearance on Meet the Press on February 12, 2006, former Senator Daschle endorsed a controversial warrantless surveillance program conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA), explaining that he had been briefed on the program while he was the Democratic leader in the Senate.[35]

In addition, Senator Daschle is a Member of the Board of Trustees for the Richard C. Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California, Berkeley.[36] The Center is focused on finding solutions to address the crisis of extreme poverty and disease in the developing world.[37]

Tom Daschle is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today’s national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.

Daschle also serves as Vice Chair of the Board of Directors of National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.[38]

Obama campaign

Daschle speaks during the third night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.

On February 21, 2007, the Associated Press reported that Daschle, after ruling out a presidential bid of his own in December 2006, had thrown his support behind Senator Barack Obama of Illinois for the 2008 presidential election, saying that Obama "personifies the future of Democratic leadership in our country."[39]

In January 2005, having suggested that Obama take on some of his staffers, Daschle exited the Senate just as Obama entered.[40] These included Daschle's outgoing chief-of-staff Pete Rouse who helped to create a two-year plan in the Senate that would fast-track Obama for the presidential nomination. Daschle himself told Obama in 2006 that "windows of opportunity for running for the presidency close quickly. And that he should not assume, if he passes up this window, that there will be another."[40]

During the 2008 presidential campaign, Daschle served as a key advisor to Obama and one of the national co-chairs for Obama's campaign.[41] On June 3, 2008, Obama lost to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary in Daschle's home state of South Dakota, although that night Obama clinched his party's nomination anyway.

Two days later, sources indicated Daschle "is interested in universal health care and might relish serving as HHS secretary."[42] In the general election campaign, Daschle continued to consult Obama, campaign for him across swing states, and advise his campaign organization until Obama was ultimately elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008.

Obama administration nomination

Daschle, standing with then-President-elect Barack Obama, speaks to reporters after the announcement of his selection to be Obama's nominee for the position of Secretary of Health and Human Services. (December 11, 2008)

On November 19, 2008, the press reported that Daschle had accepted Obama's offer to be nominated for Health and Human Services Secretary. His selection was formally announced at a news conference with Obama on December 11, 2008.[1]

Some organizations objected to Daschle's selection, arguing that his work at Alston & Bird was tantamount to lobbying and therefore his selection violated Obama's promise to keep special interests out of the White House. According to Ellen Miller, executive director of the Sunlight Foundation, Daschle technically complies with the transition rules against lobbyists but "many power brokers never register as lobbyists, but they are every bit as powerful."[43] Stephanie Cutter, a spokeswoman for the Obama transition, responded that Daschle's work "does not represent a bar to his service in the transition" since "he was not a lobbyist, and he will recuse himself from any work that presents a conflict of interest."[43] Ron Pollack, executive director of Families USA, praised Daschle on his nomination to Secretary of Health and Human Services for his "deep commitment to securing high-quality, affordable health care for everyone in our nation."[44]

When Daschle was officially nominated for his Cabinet position on January 20, 2009,[45] confirmation by the Senate was required. The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee held a confirmation hearing for Daschle on January 8, 2009.[45][46] A second Senate committee, the Finance Committee, also traditionally reviews HHS Secretary nominees; the committee discussed his nomination behind closed doors on February 2, 2009.[47][48]

Withdrawal

On January 30, 2009, it was reported that Daschle's friendship and business partnership with businessman Leo Hindery could cause problems for Daschle's Senate confirmation. Daschle has been a paid consultant and advisor to Hindery's InterMedia Partners since 2005, during which time he received from Hindery access to a limousine and chauffeur. Daschle reportedly did not declare this service on his annual tax forms as required by law. A spokeswoman for Daschle said that he "simply and probably naively" considered the use of the car and driver "a generous offer" from Hindery, "a longtime friend."[32][47][49][50] Daschle told the Senate Finance Committee that in June 2008—just as he was letting the press know he would like to be HHS secretary in an Obama administration[42]—that "something made him think that the car service might be taxable" and he began seeking to remedy the situation.[51]

Daschle reportedly also did not pay taxes on an additional $83,333 that he earned as a consultant to InterMedia Partners in 2007; this was discovered by Senator Daschle's accountant in December 2008.[51] According to ABC News, Daschle also took tax deductions for $14,963 in donations that he made between 2005 and 2007 to charitable organizations that did not meet the requirements for being tax deductible.[52]

The former Senator paid the three years of owed taxes and interest—an amount totaling $140,167—in January 2009,[49][50][51][53] but still reportedly owed "Medicare taxes equal to 2.9 percent" of the value of the car service he received, amounting to "thousands of dollars in additional unpaid taxes."[54]

On February 3, 2009, Daschle withdrew his nomination,[55] saying that he did not wish to be a "distraction" to the Obama agenda.[2] He was forced to withdraw because, even though he had a sufficient number of Democratic votes for nomination, he became an untenable political liability for the President.[55]

Health policy

Daschle co-wrote the 2008 book Critical: What We Can Do About the Health-Care Crisis ISBN 9780312383015.[56] He and his co-authors point out that "most of the world’s highest-ranking health-care systems employ some kind of 'single-payer' strategy - that is, the government, directly or through insurers, is responsible for paying doctors, hospitals, and other health-care providers." They argue that a single-payer approach is simple, equitable, provides everyone with the same benefits, and saves billions of dollars through economies of scale and simplified administration. They concede that implementing a single-payer system in the United States would be "politically problematic" even though some polls show more satisfaction with the single-payer Medicare system than private insurance.[57]

A key element of the single-payer plan that Daschle and his co-authors propose in the book is a new "Federal Health Board" that would establish the framework and fill in the details. The board would somehow be simultaneously "insulated from political pressure" and "accountable to elected officials and the American people." The board would "promote 'high-value' medical care by recommending coverage of those drugs and procedures backed by solid evidence."[58] This proposal has been criticized by conservatives and libertarians who argue that such a board will lead to rationing of health care,[59][60] and by progressives who believe the board will, as one writer put it, "get defanged by lobbyists immediately."[61]

One of Daschle's co-authors, Jeanne Lambrew, had been slated before his withdrawal to serve as his deputy in the White House Office of Health Reform.[60]

9/11

Daschle claims he was asked by vice president Dick Cheney "not to investigate" the events of 9/11.[62]

Notes

  1. ↑ As a result of controversy surrounding Daschle's views on abortion, he was ordered by his bishop in 2003 to stop identifying as Catholic.[5] There is, however, no indication that he did so.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Daschle withdraws as nominee for HHS secretary", Associated Press, February 3, 2009. (Accessed February 3, 2009.)
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Senator Thomas A. Daschle", United States Senate, retrieved February 3, 2009.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Carney, Timothy (2011-02-24) "Who were Boeing's lobbyists?", Washington Examiner
  12. ↑ "Our Staff" page, Democratic Governors Association Web site. (Accessed February 3, 2009.)
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Entry for James Merrill Jeffords in the Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  16. ↑ Tom Daschle and Michael D'Orso, Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America Forever, Crown, 2003. ISBN 978-1-4000-4955-4
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1999, Record Vote No: 340
  21. ↑ Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003, Record Vote No: 51
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ See 18 U.S.C. § 207; this one-year limit was increased in 2007 to two years by Public Law 110-81, but the higher limit did not apply to Daschle.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Alston
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Ceci Connolly, "Daschle Pays $100k in Back Taxes Over Car Travel", Washington Post, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  33. ↑ http://www.sdstate.edu/academic/faculty/facultyawards/honorarydegree/upload/List-of-HONORARY-DEGREES.pdf
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ blumcenter.berkeley.edu
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 FRONTLINE Interview: The Choice 2008 Retrieved 5 February 2009
  41. ↑ Margaret Talev, "Ex-Senate leader Daschle to serve as HHS head", McClatchy Newspapers, November 19, 2008.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Fredreka Schouten and David Jackson, "Obama selects Tom Daschle as health chief", USA Today, November 20, 2008.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Presidential Nominations database, via THOMAS (accessed January 30, 2009)
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Committee to review Daschle taxes over loaned car," CNN.com, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  48. ↑ Yuval Levin, "More Nominee Tax Troubles", National Review Online, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Jake Tapper, "Bumps in the Road: Obama's HHS Secretary Nominee Faces Tax Questions Over Car and Driver," ABC News, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Jonathan Weisman, "Daschle Paid Back Taxes After Vetting", Wall Street Journal, January 31, 2009. (Accessed January 31, 2009.)
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Senate Finance Committee, Draft of "Statement Concerning the Nomination of Thomas A. Daschle" (PDF format), hosted by WSJ.com. (Accessed January 31, 2009.)
  52. ↑ More Daschle Tax Issues, ABC News, January 30, 2009
  53. ↑ Jake Tapper, "More Daschle Tax Issues," ABC News, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 31, 2009.)
  54. ↑ Carl Hulse and Robert Pear, "Daschle Apologizes Over Taxes as Allies Give Support", New York Times, February 2, 2009. (Accessed February 3, 2009.)
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Tom Daschle, Scott S. Greenberger, and Jeanne M. Lambrew, Critical: What We Can Do About the Health-Care Crisis, Thomas Dunne, 2008. ISBN 978-0-312-38301-5
  57. ↑ Karen Davis, Cathy Schoen, Michelle Doty, and Katie Tenney "Medicare Versus Private Insurance: Rhetoric And Reality", Health Affairs, October 9, 2002. (Accessed June 18, 2009.)
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Michael F. Cannon, "Daschle Care", National Review Online, January 30, 2009. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 James C. Capretta, "Obama's Health Care Czar", New Atlantis: Diagnosis, December 12, 2008. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  61. ↑ Matthew Holt, "Critical of Critical", December 31, 2008. (Accessed January 30, 2009.)
  62. ↑ Meet the Press, May 2002, Host Tim Russert, Guest Dick Cheney

External links

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's 1st congressional district
1979–1983		 Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's At-large congressional district
1983–1987		 Succeeded by
Tim Johnson
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from South Dakota
(Class 3)
1986, 1992, 1998, 2004		 Most recent
Preceded by Senate Democratic Leader
1995–2005		 Succeeded by
Harry Reid
United States Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 3) from South Dakota
1987–2005
Served alongside: Larry Pressler, Tim Johnson		 Succeeded by
John Thune
Preceded by Senate Minority Leader
1995–2001		 Succeeded by
Trent Lott
Preceded by Senate Majority Leader
2001
Senate Minority Leader
2001
Senate Majority Leader
2001–2003		 Succeeded by
Bill Frist
Senate Minority Leader
2003–2005		 Succeeded by
Harry Reid

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