Timeline of the electric motor

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Electric motors have a long history going back to the early 19th century.

19th century

Date, Name Electric Motor Chronology Selected Patents
1820, Hans Christian Ørsted Danish, physicist and chemist; first to note a compass needle deflected from magnetic north when an electric current from a battery was switched on and off, confirming a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism.[1][2][3][4]
1820, André-Marie Ampère French, physicist; invented the solenoid.[1][4]
1821 Michael Faraday British, scientist; showed continuous 'electromagnetic rotation' resulted by suspending a magnetic wire in an electric field;[1][2][3][4]
1822, Peter Barlow British, physicist; invented Barlow's wheel, the first device ever powered by electromagnetism.[1][3][4][5]
1824, François Arago French, physicist; showed a rotating copper disk produced rotation in a magnetic needle suspended above it, which Faraday later attributed to induction phenomena.[4][6][7]
1828, Ányos Jedlik Hungarian, physicist and unsung father of the dynamo and electric motor; invented the first commutated rotary electromechanical machine with electromagnets.[1][3]
1831 Michael Faraday British, scientist; discovered and investigated induction law in terms of electric current generation in a varying magnetic field.[1][3][4][8]
1831, Joseph Henry American, physicist; Created a mechanical rocker, which he however describes as a philosophical toy.[1][4][8]
1825-1833 William Sturgeon British, scientist; 1825 - invented the electro-magnet; 1833 - built first commutated rotating electric machine that was demonstrated in London.[1]
1832-33, Hippolyte Pixii French, instrument maker, built the first AC generating apparatus out of a rotation; and, the following year, an oscillating DC generator.[1][3][4][9]
1833, Joseph Saxton American, inventor; demonstrated an magneto-electric machine before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.[8]
1833, Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz German; formulated the law of reversibility of generators and motors.[1][2][4]
1837, Thomas Davenport American, blacksmith-inventor; obtained first US electric motor patent.[1][3][5][8] US 132
1838, Solomon Stimpson American; built a 12-pole electric motor with segmental commutator.[5][8][10] US 910
1834-39, Moritz von Jacobi Russian, engineer and physicist; built a 15 watt motor in 1834 submitted to the Academy of Sciences in Paris with detailes published in 1835; demonstrated first use of electric motor to propel a boat; first real useful rotary electrical motor.[1][3][4][8][10]
1840, Truman Cook American; built electric motor with a PM armature.[8][10] US 1735
1837-42, Robert Davidson Scottish, inventor; developed electric motors for a lathe and a locomotive.[1][3][8][10]
1845, Paul-Gustav Froment French, engineer and instrument maker; first of various motors; first motor translated linear "electromagnetic piston's" energy to wheel's rotary motion. See also Mouse mill motor.[4][8][10][11]
1856, Werner Siemens German, industrialist; invented generator with a double-T armature and slots windings.[1][4]
1861-64, James Clark Maxwell British, scientist; reduced electromagnetism knowledge in four key equations.[1][3][4]
1871-73, Zénobe Théophile Gramme Belgium, engineer; developed the anchor ring motor which solved the double-T armature pulsating DC problem; at Vienna exhibition, demonstrated to great effect ability to transmit between generator and motor 1 km apart.[1][4]
1879, Walter Baily British; based on Arago's rotations, by manual switching on and off, developed the first primitive commutatorless induction motor.[2][7]
1885, Galileo Ferraris Italian, physicist and engineer; invented the first AC commutatorless induction motor using two-phase AC windings in space quadrature. Delivered a paper on it in April 1888.[1][2][7][12]
1886-89, Nikola Tesla Serbian-American, engineer and inventor; having worked independently from Ferraris, presented a paper in May, 1888 to AIEE describing three patented two-phase four-stator-pole motor types: one with a four-pole rotor forming a non-self-starting reluctance motor, another with a wound rotor forming a self-starting induction motor, and the third a true synchronous motor with separately-excited DC supply to rotor winding. This led to Westinghouse acquiring exclusive rights to him patents and retain him as a consultant for a short time to work on development of these motors.[1][2][3][4][7] US 0,381,968
US 0,381,969
US 0,382,279
US 0,382,280
1886, Frank Julian Sprague American, industrialist; development of new constant-speed DC motor, which allowed the Sprague company to issue the world's "first important industrial electric motor catalogue".[13]
1889-90, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky Russian, engineer and inventor; invented the first cage and wound rotor versions of the three-phase induction motor that are still widely in use today.[1][2][3][4][7]

20th Century

Date, Name Electric Motor Chronology Selected Patents
1905, Alfred Zehden A feasible linear induction motor described in patent form for driving trains or lifts. U.S. Patent 782,312
1935, Kemper Built a working linear induction motor
1945-49, Laithwaite First full-size working model of linear induction motor

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Doppelbauer" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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