The Blue Angel

This article is about the 1930 film. For other uses, see Blue Angel (disambiguation).

The Blue Angel
225px film poster
Directed by	Josef von Sternberg
Produced by	Erich Pommer
Written by	Carl Zuckmayer Karl Vollmöller Robert Liebmann Josef von Sternberg
Based on	Professor Unrat by Heinrich Mann
Starring	Emil Jannings Marlene Dietrich Kurt Gerron
Music by	Friedrich Hollaender Robert Liebmann (lyrics) Franz Waxman (orchestrations)
Cinematography	Günther Rittau
Edited by	Walter Klee Sam Winston
Distributed by	UFA Paramount Pictures
Release dates	1 April 1930 (1930-04-01) (Germany) 5 December 1930 (1930-12-05) (United States)
Running time	99 minutes
Country	Weimar Republic
Language	German English
Box office	$77,982 (2001 re-release)

The Blue Angel (German: Der blaue Engel) is a 1930 German tragicomedic film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Emil Jannings, Marlene Dietrich and Kurt Gerron. Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert Liebmann – with uncredited contributions by Sternberg. It is based on Heinrich Mann's 1905 novel Professor Unrat (Professor Garbage), and set in Weimar Germany. The Blue Angel presents the tragic transformation of a man from a respectable professor to a cabaret clown, and his descent into madness. The film is the first feature-length German full-talkie, and brought Dietrich international fame. In addition, it introduced her signature song, Friedrich Hollaender and Robert Liebmann's "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)". It is considered to be a classic of German cinema.

The film was shot simultaneously in German- and English-language versions, although the latter version was thought lost for many years. The German version is considered to be "obviously superior"; it is longer and not marred by actors struggling with their English pronunciation.

Plot

Immanuel Rath (Emil Jannings) is an esteemed educator at the local Gymnasium – a college preparatory high school – in Weimar Germany. He punishes several of his students for circulating photographs of the beautiful Lola-Lola (Marlene Dietrich), the headliner for the local cabaret, "The Blue Angel". Hoping to catch the boys at the club, Rath goes there later that evening and meets Lola herself.

Consumed with desire for Lola, Rath returns to the night club the following evening, to return a pair of panties that were smuggled into his coat by one of his students, and stays the night with her. The next morning, reeling from his night of passion, Rath arrives late to school to find his classroom in chaos and the principal furious with his behavior.

Rath subsequently resigns from his position at the academy to marry Lola, but their happiness is short-lived, as Rath becomes humiliatingly dependent on Lola. After several years he is forced to take a position as a clown in Lola's cabaret troupe to pay the bills. His growing insecurities about Lola's profession as a "shared woman" eventually consume him with lust and jealousy. The troupe returns to his hometown and The Blue Angel, where he is ridiculed and berated by the patrons, the very people he himself used to deride. As Rath performs his last act, he witnesses his wife embrace and kiss the strongman Mazeppa, her new love interest, and is enraged to the point of insanity. He attempts to strangle Lola, but is beaten down by the other members of the troupe and locked in a straitjacket.

File:The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg

Marlene Dietrich in The Blue Angel

Later that night, Rath is freed, and makes his way towards his old classroom. Rejected, humiliated, and destitute, he dies in remorse, clenching the desk at which he once taught.

Cast

• Emil Jannings as Professor Immanuel Rath
• Marlene Dietrich as Lola-Lola
• Kurt Gerron as Kiepert, the magician
• Rosa Valetti as Guste, the magician's wife
• Hans Albers as Mazeppa, the strongman
• Reinhold Bernt as the clown
• Eduard von Winterstein as the director of school
• Hans Roth as the caretaker of the secondary school

• Rolf Müller as Pupil Angst
• Roland Varno as Pupil Lohmann
• Carl Balhaus as Pupil Ertzum
• Robert Klein-Lörk as Pupil Goldstaub
• Charles Puffy as Innkeeper
• Wilhelm Diegelmann as Captain
• Gerhard Bienert as Policeman
• Ilse Fürstenberg as Rath's maid

Music

• "Ich bin von Kopf bis Fuß auf Liebe eingestellt" ("Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)")
• "Ich bin die fesche Lola" ("They Call Me Naughty Lola")
• "Nimm Dich in Acht vor blonden Frau'n" ("Those Charming Alarming Blond Women")
• "Kinder, heut' abend, da such' ich mir was aus" ("A Man, Just a Regular Man")
  • music by Friedrich Hollaender, lyrics by Robert Liebmann, sung by Marlene Dietrich
• "Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen wünscht Papageno sich!" ("A Girl or a Little Wife, Wishes Papageno")
  • by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from the opera The Magic Flute

Production

Sternberg called the story "the downfall of an enamored man", and he calls Rath "...a figure of self-satisfied dignity brought low." Some critics saw the film as an allegory for pre-war Germany, but Sternberg was very clear that he did not intend to make a political stand: "The year was 1929, Germany was undivided, although the real Germany, its schools and other places pictured in the film were not German and reality failed to interest me".

Emil Jannings had asked Sternberg to direct him in his first sound picture, although Sternberg and Jannings had clashed on the set of their previous collaboration The Last Command (1928), and Sternberg had vowed never to work with the actor again. The following year, however, he and Jannings were reconciled, and at the invitation of Erich Pommer, head of UFA, they began to collaborate on a film about Rasputin. Sternberg was less than intrigued by this prospect, however, and as an alternative he suggested the idea of an adaptation of the Heinrich Mann story Professor Unrat, a 1905 satire about the hypocrisy of the German middle-class. Sternberg restructured the story to fit his tastes; simplifying moral themes and emphasizing the anguish of the teacher. As a result the second half of the book was not used at all, so that the film's ending is entirely new. The film adapted the original story's socioeconomic themes to fit the perceived and real decline of the German middle class in 1920s Germany. While Rath represents urban Berlin's middle class, Lola Lola, who speaks with a Berlin accent, represents the lower class from Berlin's suburbs.

Because the German and English versions of the film were shot simultaneously, the actors were required to play every scene twice. This was a very common practice of major studios in the early sound era, given the technical difficulties of dubbing and the desire of the studios to be able to sell their films in multiple international markets.

The Blue Angel is best known for introducing Marlene Dietrich to worldwide attention, although other performers were initially considered for the role, including Trude Hesterberg (a friend of Heinrich Mann), Brigitte Helm and Lucie Mannheim. Käthe Haack had already been signed to play the part before Sternberg met Dietrich and transferred the part to her. Dietrich's portrayal of an uninhibited woman not only established her stardom, but also established a modern embodiment of a vixen. Lola-Lola's lusty songs, written by Friedrich Hollaender (music) and Robert Liebmann (lyrics), slither their way into Rath's heart, entrapping him and sealing his fate. The story's melancholic simplicity adds to the beauty of Sternberg's most remembered work, in both Germany and America. Dietrich's radiant sensuality might be blamed for the censorship the film faced in Pasadena, California. C.V. Cowan, censor for Pasadena, found many scenes offensive and chose to cut them, though Jason Joy, the nation's censor, did not. Reaction to the censor's seal for the re-cut film was not good, and the theater removed the censorship statement.

During filming, although he was still the nominal star of the film, Jannings could see the growing closeness between Sternberg and Dietrich and the care the director took in presenting her, and the actor became jealous, threatening to strangle the actress and misbehaving on the set. The Blue Angel was to be his last great cinematic moment; it was also one of UFA's last great films, as many of the studio's major talents left Germany for Hollywood, including Sternberg and Dietrich, who were met on the dock in New York City by Sternberg's wife, who served legal papers on Dietrich for "alienation of affection". Sternberg and his wife were divorced shortly after.

Subsequent history

The Blue Angel was banned in Nazi Germany in 1933, as were all the works of Heinrich Mann and Carl Zuckmayer.

The German version is much better known. The English-language version was considered a lost film for many years until a print was discovered in a German film archive and restored. The restored English version had its U.S. premiere at the Castro Theatre in San Francisco on 19 January 2009 as part of the "Berlin and Beyond" film festival.

The screen test was believed to be lost in the war, as Marlene noted in the 1984 documentary Marlene, with the director and her former co-star in Judgment at Nuremberg Maximilian Schell remarking that he had looked for it extensively to no avail. The test was found in an Austrian film archive in 1992, shortly before Dietrich died in May, and is viewable on youtube. In the screen test she is distracted by odious improvisational piano playing to the song she was singing, "You're the Cream in My Coffee", a contemporary English song. After three attempts and continually berating the pianist she accedes to performing a German song he knows, "Wer wird denn weinen, wenn man auseinander geht" (Who will cry when you go apart) by Hugo Hirsch.

Parodies and adaptations

• Lola-Lola's nightclub act has been parodied on film by Danny Kaye in drag as Fraulein Lilli in On the Double, by Madeline Kahn as Lili von Schtupp in Blazing Saddles, and by Helmut Berger in Luchino Visconti's The Damned.
• Adaptation: The Blue Angel (1959). Director: Edward Dmytryk; with Curd Jürgens
• Adaptation: Pinjra (1972) Marathi/Hindi. Director: V. Shantaram; with Sandhya and Shreeram Lagoo was highly successful.
• A stage adaptation by Romanian playwright Razvan Mazilu premiered in 2001 at the Odeon Theatre in Bucharest, starring Florin Zamfirescu as the professor and Maia Morgenstern as Lola-Lola.
• In April 2010, Playbill announced that David Thompson was writing the book for a musical adaptation of The Blue Angel, with Stew and Heidi Rodewald providing the score, and Scott Ellis directing.

See also

• List of German films of 1919–1932

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Sarris, Andrew. The Films of Josef von Sternberg (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966)
• Sternberg, Josef von. The Blue Angel (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968)
• Wakeman, John. World Film Directors Vol. 1 (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1987)

External links

• The Blue Angel at IMDb
• The Blue Angel (English version) at IMDb
• The Blue Angel (English version) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
• The Blue Angel at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Blue Angel at the TCM Movie Database
• The Blue Angel at AllMovie
• Îngerul Albastru at Odeon Theatre (stage production) (Romanian)
• Dissecting 'The Blue Angel' - a structure breakdown.
• Notes on film: The Blue Angel