Structural change
Structural change refers to a long-term shift in the fundamental structure of an economy, which is often linked to growth and economic development. For example, a subsistence economy may be transformed into a manufacturing economy, or a regulated mixed economy is liberalized.[1] A current driver of structural change in the world economy is globalization.[2] Structural change is possible because of the dynamic nature of the economic system.[3]
Patterns and changes in sectoral employment drive demand shifts through the income elasticity. Shifting demand for both locally sourced goods and for imported products is a fundamental part of development.[4][5] The structural changes that move countries through the development process are often viewed in terms of shifts from primary, to secondary and finally, to tertiary production. Technical progress is seen as crucial in the process of structural change as it involves the obsolescence of skills, vocations, and permanent changes in spending and production resulting in structural unemployment.[3][6]
Contents
Examples
Historically, structural change has not always been strictly for the better. The division of Korea and the separate paths of development taken by each state exemplifies this. Korea under Japanese rule was relatively uniform in economic structure, but after World War II, the two countries underwent drastically different structural changes due to drastically different political structures.[7]
South Korea's economy before the 1950s was mostly consisted by agriculture. During the 1960s and 1970s, Korea began to change their structure to IT, micro systems technology, and also services. More than 50% of the world uses a smartphone of Samsung, which headquarters exist there. Today, South Korea's economy is the 15th strongest economy system.
At the Ruhr Area (Ruhrgebiet) in Germany, the economy was mostly marked by coal and steel industry. While and after the coal crisis began in the 1960s and 1970s, this area started to change his economic structures to services, IT and logistics. The city Dortmund opened the first technology center named "Technologiepark Dortmund" in the 1980s. Companies like Signal Iduna and Wilo seat there.
Structural change can be initiated by policy decisions or permanent changes in resources, population or the society. The downfall of communism, for example, is a political change that has had far-reaching economic implications.
Structural changes in employment
Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.
Economic structural changes impact also on employment. A developing economy typically reveals a high share of employment in the primary sector, while the share of employment in the tertiary sector is high in an advanced/developed economy.
Test for structural change
The test for structural change is an econometric test. It is used to verify the equality of coefficients in separate subsamples.
See also
References
- ↑ Etchemendy, Sebastian, Models of Economic Liberalization: Regime, Power and Compensation in the Iberian-American Region (2009). APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1449085
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Fisher, A (1939) Production: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Economic Record, June
- ↑ Clark, C (1940) The Conditions of Economic Progress
- ↑ Leon, P. (1967) Structural Change and Growth in Capitalism, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
<templatestyles src="Asbox/styles.css"></templatestyles>
 |
This economics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
