Stanisław Zarakowski

Stanisław Zarakowski
Stanisław Zarakowski Colonel Stanisław Zarakowski
Born	(1907-11-07)November 7, 1907 Svolna, the Vicebsk government, Dryssa county Russian Empire
Died	Warsaw, Poland
Other names	Stanislaw Zarako
Ethnicity	Belarusian
Citizenship	Polish
Occupation	Prosecutor
Known for	Chief Military Prosecutor Office

General/Private Stanisław Zarakowski (born 7 November 1907 in Svolna now Belarus – died 11 April 1998 in Warsaw, Poland) was a chief military prosecutor during the Stalinist reign of terror in the People's Republic of Poland; infamous for his role as instigator in several show trials of the Polish anti-Nazi resistance officers, which resulted in many death sentences.

Zarakowski was born to a local landowner in Svolna village (Belarusian: Свольна) in Vilna Governorate (Russian Empire, present-day Belarus). His family's estate was nationalized during the Bolshevik revolution when he was ten years old. They moved to Vilnius, where Zarakowski graduated from the law faculty of the Wilno University (then in the Second Polish Republic). During World War II he fled to the Soviet Union, and arrived back in war-torn Poland with the Soviet-sponsored Polish People's Army. A hardline Stalinist, Zarakowski was assigned a job with the Chief Military Prosecutor Office and quickly rose to become the Chief Military Prosecutor of the People's Republic of Poland.

Stalinist rein of terror

Zarakowski was the main prosecutor in various Stalinist trials including the infamous Trial of the Generals in 1951 against commanders of the Armia Krajowa including General Stanisław Tatar. The trial resulted in over 20 death sentences against high-ranking officers (later classified as court murders by the Institute of National Remembrance). Zarakowski conducted the trial of Kazimierz Pużak and other politicians of the Polish People's Party (PSL) shortly before the so-called people's referendum of 1946, as well as the Stalinist show trial of the Roman Curia of Kraków. The pronounced death sentences were not enforced although Father Fudali died in unexplained circumstances. Throughout the 1950s the Ministry of Public Security with Dir. Julia Brystiger (née Prajs) at the helm of the 5th Department, incarcerated and routinely tortured Roman Catholic priests investigated for "treason". Before 1953 already, 37 of them were killed including 54 monks.

Zarakowski was a Communist party advisor to MON along with General Roman Romkowski (Natan Grinszpan-Kikiel from Moscow) and a few other officials. He was also the man to order the presiding judge to sentence Capt. Witold Pilecki, the "hero of Auschwitz" to the death penalty, according to IPN institute. He was fired from his government job in 1956 during the socialist Polish October revolution, and his surviving victims, released.

Notes and references

• Krzysztof Szwagrzyk, Prawnicy czasu bezprawia: sędziowie i prokuratorzy wojskowi w Polsce 1944-1956, Kraków, Wrocław 2005, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, Towarzystwo Naukowe Societas Vistulana, ISBN 83-88385-65-8