Socorro County, New Mexico

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Socorro County, New Mexico
File:Socorro County New Mexico Court House.jpg
Socorro County Courthouse in Socorro
Map of New Mexico highlighting Socorro County
Location in the U.S. state of New Mexico
Map of the United States highlighting New Mexico
New Mexico's location in the U.S.
Founded January 9, 1852
Seat Socorro
Largest city Socorro
Area
 • Total 6,649 sq mi (17,221 km2)
 • Land 6,647 sq mi (17,216 km2)
 • Water 2.1 sq mi (5 km2), 0.03%
Population
 • (2010) 17,866
 • Density 2.7/sq mi (1/km²)
Congressional district 2nd
Time zone Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Website www.socorrocounty.net
File:San Mateo Mtns South.jpg
The view from the southern San Mateo Mountains in Socorro County, New Mexico.
File:Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (8279314499).jpg
The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in Socorro County.

Socorro County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,866.[1] The county seat is Socorro.[2] The county was formed in 1852 as one of the original nine counties of New Mexico Territory.[3][4] Socorro was originally the name given to a Native American village (see: Puebloan peoples) by Don Juan de Oñate in 1598. Having received vitally needed food and assistance from the native population, Oñate named the pueblo Socorro ("succor" in English).

Socorro County is home to multiple scientific research institutions including New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and its associated Very Large Array, the Magdalena Ridge Observatory, and the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research. Federal public lands in Socorro County include parts of the Cibola National Forest, the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Socorro Field Office, parts of the Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument, and parts of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail.

History

The history of Socorro County is intimately linked with the rich history of the surrounding area. Basham noted in his report documenting the archeological history of the Cibola National Forest’s Magdalena Ranger District, which is located almost entirely within Socorro County, that “[t]he heritage resources on the district are diverse and representative of nearly every prominent human evolutionary event known to anthropology. Evidence for human use of district lands date back 14,000 years to the Paleoindian period providing glimpses into the peopling of the New World and megafaunal extinction.“[5] Much of the now Magdalena Ranger District were a province of the Apache. Bands of Apache effectively controlled the Magdalena-Datil region from the seventeenth century until they were defeated in the Apache Wars in the late nineteenth century.[5] Outlaw renegades Butch Cassidy and the Wild Bunch and notorious Apaches like Cochise and Geronimo have ties to Socorro County's San Mateo Mountains. Vicks Peak was named after Victorio, “a Mimbreño Apache leader whose territory included much of the south and southwest New Mexico.”[6] Famous for defying relocation orders in 1879 and leading his warriors “on a two-year reign of terror before he was killed,” Victorio is at least as highly regarded as Geronimo or Cochise among Apaches.[6] Perhaps most famous outlaw was the Apache Kid whose supposed grave lies within the Apache Kid Wilderness. Stories of depredations by the Apache Kid, and of his demise, became so common and dramatic that in southwestern folklore they may be exceeded only by tales of lost Spanish gold.[5] Native Americans lingered in the San Mateos well into the 1900s. We know this by an essay written by Aldo Leopold in 1919 where he documents stumbling upon the remains of a recently abandoned Indian hunting camp.[7]

Cultural or Historic Figures with Ties to Socorro County
The Apache Kid is the namesake for a Wilderness area in the Cibola National Forest. 
Vicks Peak in the San Mateo Mountains is named for Victorio, an Apache warrior and chief. 
Geronimo (Goyaałé), a Bedonkohe Apache; kneeling with rifle, 1887. 
Butch Cassidy poses in the Wild Bunch group photo, Fort Worth, Texas, 1901. 

A mining rush followed the Apache wars – gold, silver, and copper were found in the mountains. It wasn’t until this time that extensive use of the area by non-Native Americans occurred.[8] While some mining activity, involving gold, silver, and copper, occurred in the southern part of the range near the end of the nineteenth century,[9] the prospecting/mining remnants are barely visible today due to collapse, topographic screening, and vegetation regrowth. While miners combed the mountains for mineral riches during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, stockmen drove tens of thousands of sheep and cattle to stockyards at the village of Magdalena, then linked by rail with Socorro.[6] In fact, the last regularly used cattle trail in the United States stretched 125 miles westward from Magdalena. The route was formally known as the Magdalena Livestock Driveway, but more popularly known to cowboys and cattlemen as the Beefsteak Trail. The trail began use in 1865 and its peak was in 1919. The trail was used continually until trailing gave way to trucking and the trail official closed in 1971.[5]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 6,649 square miles (17,220 km2), of which 6,647 square miles (17,220 km2) is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) (0.03%) is water.[10] It is the second-largest county in New Mexico by area, after Catron County, New Mexico.

Socorro County ranges in elevation from approximately 4,528 ft (1,380 m) on the banks of the Rio Grande to 10,784 ft (3,287 m) at the top of South Baldy peak in the Magdalena Mountains. The southern portion of the Rocky Mountains extend into New Mexico and Socorro County. There are several mountain ranges that spread throughout the county. The Forest Service manages portions of four mountain ranges: the Bear, Datil, Magdalena, and San Mateo Mountains. Most of the land that comprises these mountains are within the Cibola National Forest. These ranges, as well as Ladron Peak located in Socorro County, are classified as sky islands.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1910 14,761 —
1920 14,061 −4.7%
1930 9,611 −31.6%
1940 11,422 18.8%
1950 9,670 −15.3%
1960 10,168 5.1%
1970 9,763 −4.0%
1980 12,566 28.7%
1990 14,764 17.5%
2000 18,078 22.4%
2010 17,866 −1.2%
Est. 2014 17,310 [11] −3.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1960[13] 1900-1990[14]
1990-2000[15] 2010-2013[1]

2000

As of the 2000 census,[16] there were 18,078 people, 6,675 households, and 4,492 families residing in the county. The population density was 3 people per square mile (1/km2). There were 7,808 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 62.87% White, 0.64% Black or African American, 10.92% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 20.10% from other races, and 4.28% from two or more races. 48.73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,675 households out of which 33.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.40% were married couples living together, 13.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.70% were non-families. 26.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the county the population was spread out with 28.40% under the age of 18, 12.60% from 18 to 24, 26.10% from 25 to 44, 22.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 103.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $23,439, and the median income for a family was $29,544. Males had a median income of $28,490 versus $22,482 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,826. About 24.10% of families and 31.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.60% of those under age 18 and 24.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010

There are 17,866 people living in Socorro County as of the 2010 census.

Politics

The majority (51 percent) of voters registered in the 2012 General Election were Democrats, with the rest of registered voters breaking down as 30 percent Republican, 15 percent Declined To Say, and 3 percent Other.[17] In 2012, Socorro County voted for President Obama 56 percent to 38 percent,[18] with a trend of voting democratic in the previous three presidential elections. Socorro County voted for Senator Heinrich (D) 53 percent to 43 percent in 2012. While Rep. Pearce (R) won Socorro County 52 percent to 48 percent in 2012, Socorro supported Democrats for the U.S. House in both 2008 and 2010 (with 50.2% and 63% Democratic, respectively).[19] The County supported Governor Martinez (R) 53 percent to 47 percent in 2010 but went for Governor Richardson (D) in both 2002[20] and 2006.[21] Socorro has supported Democratic state senators in Districts 28 and 30 for every election since 2000. In contrast, the County has supported a Republican state representative in District 49 since 2000. The current county commissioners of Socorro County are:

  • Pauline Jaramillo, R-Dist. 1, Chair
  • Martha Salas, R-Dist. 2, Vice Chair
  • Manuel Anaya, D-Dist. 3
  • Danny Monette, R-Dist. 4,
  • Juan Gutierrez, R-Dist. 5

Ravi Bhasker has been serving as the mayor of Socorro since 1990 and is a general practice medical doctor.[22] The current mayor of Magdalena is Diego Montoya, elected in 2014.[23]

Ecology, recreation and tourism

Sandhill cranes sleep under a starry sky at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge.
Sandhill cranes sleep under a starry sky at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. 

With multiple mountain ranges, extents of grasslands and marshes providing a wide array of available habitats, Socorro County is home to an extensive variety of ecosystems and wildlife. Socorro County contains 826 species of wildlife, including 14 amphibians, 60 reptiles, 336 birds, and 96 mammals.[24] Wildlife in the County includes coyote, deer, elk, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, Barbary sheep, black bear, mountain lion, wild turkey, various furbearers, Mexican spotted owl, and quail.

There are three congressionally designated Wilderness areas located within Socorro County. The Apache Kid and the Withington Wilderness Areas are both located in the San Mateo Mountains within the Cibola National Forest's Magdalena Ranger District. The Bosque del Apache Wilderness comprises two separate sections, totaling 30,427 acres of the National Wildlife Refuge. There are an additional 172,143 acres of Forest Service Inventoried Roadless Areas and 159,891 acres of BLM Wilderness Study Areas in the county. These unroaded, undeveloped lands offer outstanding opportunities to experience the area’s amazing natural heritage, to getaway and enjoy the outdoors and, for the hearty, to explore deep into the backcountry and challenge yourself in the area’s big wild.

The high mountains, remote canyons, pristine forests and diverse wildlife found on the area's national forests, national wildlife refuges, national monuments, and BLM's national system of public lands provide for phenomenal recreation opportunities, including picnicking, hiking, backpacking, wildlife viewing, horseback-riding, and hunting. In fact, the four biggest elk in New Mexico were bagged in Socorro county and the Datil Mountains.[25] The two most popular recreational activities on the Cibola National Forest are hiking/walking and viewing natural features with 35% and 15% of visitors citing these as their main activities, respectively.[26] The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge hosts the Festival of the Cranes every November, celebrating the arrival of sandhill cranes and other migratory birds.[27] Rare whooping cranes are also found occasionally on the Bosque del Apache.

Wildlife in Socorro County, New Mexico
Socorro County contains thousands of acres of critical habitat for the threatened Mexican spotted owl. 
Sandhill cranes at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge during the Festival of the Cranes.
Sandhill cranes at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge during the Festival of the Cranes. 
Socorro County is home to healthy populations of elk. 
A black bear in the Cibola National Forest. 
A mule deer fawn in the snow. 
A pronghorn herd standing in front of the Magdalena Mountains. 

The natural amenities in Socorro contribute to a strong tourism industry for the County. Visitors spent $47.4 million in Socorro County in 2011. Recreation alone accounted for more than $4 million in visitor spending in both 2010 and 2011.[28] Tourism accounts for 8.8% of employment and 4.5% of labor income for the County. Additionally, tourism resulted in $7.7 million of total tax revenue, including $1.1 million in local tax revenue.[29]

Communities

File:Fluorite-23807.jpg
Fluorite from the Blanchard mine, near Bingham, New Mexico

City

Village

Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

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See also

References

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  9. ↑ Butterfield, Mike, and Greene, Peter, Mike Butterfield's Guide to the Mountains of New Mexico, New Mexico Magazine Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-937206-88-1
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  24. ↑ Biota Information System of New Mexico.BISON-M home page. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
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  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

External links

 Cibola County Valencia County Torrance County
Catron County Lincoln County
  Socorro County, New Mexico  
Sierra County

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