Sister ship

Sister ships RMS Olympic and RMS Titanic at Belfast, circa 1912

The USS Iowa (pictured), USS New Jersey, USS Missouri, and USS Wisconsin are all Iowa-class battleships

A sister ship is a ship of the same class as or of virtually identical design to another ship. Such vessels share a nearly identical hull and superstructure layout, similar displacement, and roughly comparable features and equipment. Often, sisters become more differentiated during their service as their equipment (in the case of military ships, their armament) are separately altered.

For instance, the U.S. warships USS Iowa, USS New Jersey, USS Missouri, and USS Wisconsin are all sister ships, each being an Iowa-class battleship.

The most famous sister ships were the White Star Line's RMS Olympic, RMS Titanic and HMHS Britannic. As with some other liners, the sisters worked as running mates. Other sister ships include the Royal Caribbean International's Explorer of the Seas and Adventure of the Seas.

Half-sister refers to a ship of the same class but with some significant differences. One example of half-sisters are the First World War-era British Courageous-class battlecruisers where the first two ships had four 15-inch (381 mm) guns, but the last ship, HMS Furious, had two 18-inch (457 mm) guns instead. Another example is the American Essex-class aircraft carriers of the Second World War that came in "long-hull" and "short-hull" versions.

The generally accepted commercial distinctions of a sister ship are the following:

• Type: Identical main type (bullk, tank, RoRo, etc.)
• DWT: +/- 10% on the DWT (If the ship is 100,000 DWT, 90,000 to 110,000 DWT)
• Built: +/- 5 years (if the ship is built in 2000, built 1995-2005)
• Builder: Identical shipbuilding company name (not the ship yard location or the country of build)

The critical overriding criteria are the same hull design. For example the popular TESS-57 standard design built by Tsunishi Shipbuilding are built in Japan, China, and the Philippines. All the ships of this design are classed as sister ships.

The International Maritime Organization defined sister ship in IMO resolution MSC/Circ.1158 in 2006. Criteria included these:

• A sister ship is a ship built by the same yard from the same plans.
• The acceptable deviation of lightship displacement should be between 1 and 2% of the lightship displacement of the lead ship, depending on the length of the ship.

See also

• Ship naming and launching