Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations

For other hydroelectric generating plants at Niagara Falls, see Niagara Falls hydroelectric generating plants.

Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations
The Adam Beck stations as seen from the air; the northern dam (nearest) is Adam Beck I and the southern is Adam Beck II.
Location of Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations in Ontario
Country	Canada
Location	Niagara Falls, Ontario
Coordinates
Status	Operational
Commission date	Adam Beck I 1922, Adam Beck II 1954
Owner(s)	Ontario Power Generation Inc.
Power generation
Units operational	26 (Adam Beck I 10, Adam Beck II 16)
Nameplate capacity	1,997 MW (2,678,000 hp)
National Historic Site of Canada
Official name	Queenston-Chippawa Hydro-Electric Development National Historic Site of Canada
Designated	1990

Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations are two hydroelectric generating stations in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Sir Adam Beck Generating Station I, Sir Adam Beck Generating Station II and the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station are all owned by Ontario Power Generation. Following the development of several smaller generating stations around Niagara Falls in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Province of Ontario authorized the construction of first major publicly owned generating station in the province. At the time it was built, it was the largest hydroelectric generating station in the world.

The stations divert water from the Niagara and Welland Rivers above Niagara Falls which is then released into the lower portion of the Niagara River, and together produce up to 1,997 megawatts (2,678,000 hp).

Adam Beck I

File:Control room of the Queenston power generating plant.jpg

Control room, 1944

Adam Beck I contains 10 generators and first produced power in 1922. It was originally called the Queenston-Chippawa Hydroelectric Plant and was renamed after Adam Beck in 1950 on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his death. The water is diverted through the Chippawa-Queenston Power Canal from the Welland River.

As the first large-scale hydroelectric generation project in the world, Adam Beck I was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990.

Adam Beck II

File:Queenston-Chippawa Power Canal near Niagara Falls, Ontario.jpg

The Chippawa-Queenston Power Canal in 1921; it was the first of three sources to provide water to the Generating Stations

Adam Beck II contains 16 generators and first produced power in 1954. The water was first diverted from the Niagara River by two five-mile tunnels under the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, that start above the falls. A reservoir was created that permits the holding of water, diverted during the night, for use during the day.

Between 2006 and 2013, Adam Beck II underwent major civil engineering projects with the addition of a major underground water supply tunnel built by the Niagara Tunnel Project in order to improve its generation output. Water delivered by the major new tunnel complemented other upgrades to the Sir Adam Beck generating complex, resulting in a significant increase to the efficient use of the Niagara River's hydro power.

The project's new 12.7-metre (42 ft) diameter, 10.2-kilometre (6.3 mi) long tunnel was officially placed into service on 21 March 2013, helping to increase the generating complex's nameplate capacity by 150 megawatts (200,000 hp), able to provide the power for about 160,000 homes.

The major 1965 Northeast Blackout of Ontario and several U.S. states occurred on November 9, after maintenance personnel incorrectly set a protective relay on one of the transmission lines from the Sir Adam Beck Station No. II. The faulty relay later tripped open causing a major blackout created by a series of cascading failures which affected over 30 million people for up to 12 hours.

Water diversion

The open cut Chippawa-Queenston Power Canal diverts water from the Welland River to the stations. Upstream of the International Control Dam are two tunnel inlets which run under Niagara Falls, Ontario and surface 2 km (1.2 mi) upstream of the Sir Adam Beck Generating Stations. The open cut canal and the tunnel canal cross at the "Cross Over" where there is a third channel feeding the 174 megawatts (233,000 hp) Pump Generating Station which pumps water up into the man-made reservoir at night and generates electricity during the day, feeding the water back to the Sir Adam Beck Generating Complex.

The International Control Dam, operated by Ontario Power Generation, controls the water diversions from the Niagara River and dispatches the water between the New York Power Authority and Ontario Power Generation in accordance with the terms of the 1950 Niagara Treaty.

The Adam Beck dams are at the left, and the Robert Moses Station is on the right of the image

This treaty, designed to ensure an "unbroken curtain of water" is flowing over the falls, states that during daylight time during the tourist season (April 1 to October 31) there must be 100,000 cubic feet per second (2,800 m³/s) of water flowing over the falls, and during the night and off-tourist season there must be 50,000 cubic feet per second (1,400 m³/s) of water flowing over the falls. This Treaty is monitored by the International Niagara Control Board.

See also

• Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant
• List of electrical generating stations in Canada
• List of energy storage projects

External links

• Images of Sir Adam Beck 1 Power Plant Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
• Images of Sir Adam Beck 2 Power Plant Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
• Images of the Queenston-Chippawa Power Canal Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
• Air Curtain Fences Blast, Popular Mechanics, August 1954, pp. 96–97, the delicate controlled blast in 1954 to connect the two reservoirs.