Shan State Army - South

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Not to be confused with the Shan State Army - North.

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Shan State Army - South
တပ်ႉသိုၵ်းၸိုင်ႈတႆး - ပွတ်းၸၢၼ်း
Participant in the Internal conflict in Myanmar
SSA-S.svg
Flag of the Shan State Army - South
Active 1996 (1996)–present
Ideology Shan nationalism
Federalism
Leaders Lieutenant General Yawd Serk (1996–2016)
Headquarters Loi Tai Leng, Shan State
Area of operations Shan State, Myanmar
Thai-Myanmar border
Strength 6,000–8,000[1][2]
Originated as 23x15px Mong Tai Army

23x15px Shan United Revolutionary Army

23x15px Shan State National Army
(Merged with the SSA-S in 2005)
Allies 23x15px Arakan Liberation Army

23x15px Chin National Army
Kachin Independence Army
23x15px Karen National Liberation Army
23x15px Karenni Army

Ta'ang National Liberation Army
Opponents State opponents

Myanmar Government of Myanmar (until 2011)

Non-state opponents

United Wa State Army
Battles and wars Internal conflict in Myanmar

The Shan State Army-South (SSA-S) (Shan: တပ်ႉသိုၵ်းၸိုင်ႈတႆး - ပွတ်းၸၢၼ်း), also known as the Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army (RCSS/SSA), and simply as the Shan State Army is one of the largest insurgent groups in Myanmar (Burma).[1][3] The SSA-S was led by Lieutenant General Yawd Serk until his resignation on 3 February 2014.[4]

History

On 26 January 1996, Lieutenant General Yawd Serk of the Shan United Revolutionary Army (SURA) led 800 soldiers under his command to central Shan State and established the Shan State Army - South, after he refused to surrender with fellow commander Khun Sa. He then persuaded his soldiers to continue fighting government forces, and was able to recruit a thousand more soldiers before returning to the Thai-Myanmar border, where he established the SSA-S' headquarters.

On 27 May 2000, the SSA-S formed the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) as its political wing, and appointed eleven Central Executive Committee members to lead the political front. General Yawd Serk was elected chairman of the RCSS, and would remain in office until his resignation on 3 February 2014.[4]

On 21 May 2005, the SSA-S pledged to work with the Shan State National Army (SSNA) against the military junta to achieve the independence of the Shan State. The SSNA would then agree to merge with the SSA-S.[5]

In December 2008, the Shan State Congress (SSC) was formed at Loi Tai Leng under the aegis of Yawd Serk, which would exist until 2010. It included non-Shan groups such as the:[6]

Prior to the establishment of the SSC, the SSA-S maintained a six member alliance with the Arakan Liberation Party (ALP), the Chin National Front (CNF), the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), the Karen National Union (KNU) and the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), but it remained dormant for several years, prompting Yawd Serk to express his desire to revive the alliance in anticipation for the 2010 general election.[6]

The government and the SSA-S signed a mutual agreement with the following 11 points on 16 January 2012:[citation needed][needs update]

  1. To allow SSA-S headquarters in Homain sub-township and Mong Hat sub-township
  2. To negotiate and arrange the resettlement of SSA-S troops and their families in the locations mentioned in the first point
  3. The appointment by the SSA-S of village heads in the region, which would work with government official for township administration;
  4. Government soldiers in Homain sub-township and Mong Hat sub-township will give help to the SSA-S
  5. Both sides will discuss and negotiate to arrange for the security of SSA-S leaders
  6. Government troops and the SSA-S would negotiate to designate areas where they could enter border areas;
  7. Each side agreed to inform the other side in advance if one side wants to enter the other's control area with weapons
  8. To open liaison offices between the government and the SSA-S in Taunggyi, Kholam, Kengtung, Mong Hsat and Tachileik and trading offices in Muse and Nanhkam
  9. Government ministers will arrange for SSA-S members to run businesses and companies in accord with existing policies, by providing aid and the required technology
  10. To co-operate with the union government for regional development
  11. To co-operate with the government in making plan for battling drug trafficking

Territory

The SSA-South has 5 bases established across the Thai-Myanmar border:[7]

  • Loi Tai Leng - its main base of operations, near Pang Mapha District, Mae Hong Son, Myanmar
  • Loi Moong Merng - near Muang District, Mae Hong Son, Myanmar
  • Loi Lam - near Wiang Haeng District, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  • Loi Hsarm Hsip - near Fang district, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  • Loi Gaw wann - near Mae Fa Luang District, Chiang Rai, Thailand

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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