Reverse osmosis plant
A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. An average modern reverse osmosis plant needs six kilowatt-hours of electricity to desalinate one cubic metre of water.[1] The process also results in an amount of salty briny waste. The challenge for these plants is to find ways to reduce energy consumption, use sustainable energy sources, improve the process of desalination and to innovate in the area of waste management to deal with the waste. Self-contained water treatment plants using reverse osmosis, called reverse osmosis water purification units, are normally used in a military context.
Examples of reverse osmosis plants
In operation
- In 1977 Cape Coral, Florida became the first municipality in the United States to use the RO process on a large scale with an initial operating capacity of 11,356 cubic metres (3 million gallons) per day. By 1985, due to the rapid growth in population of Cape Coral, the city had the largest low pressure reverse osmosis plant in the world, capable of producing 56,782 cubic metres (15 million gallons) per day.[2]
- In Israel at Ashkelon on the Mediterranean coast, the world's largest reverse osmosis plant is producing 320,000[1] cubic metres of water a day at around possibly $0.50 USD per cubic metre.[2]
- In western Saudi Arabia at Yanbu, production started in 1999 at 106,904 cubic metres of water a day. Later in 2009 with some expansion the production reached to 132,000 cubic metres of water a day.[3]
- In Sindh Province Pakistan the provincial government has installed 382 reverse osmosis plants in the province out of which 207 are installed in backward areas of Sindh which includes districts of Thar, Thatta, Badin, Sukkur, Shaheed, Benazirabad, Noshero, Feroz, and others while 726 are on the final stage of their completion.
Under construction
- In China a desalination plant will be built for Tianjin, to produce 100,000 cubic metres of desalinated seawater a day.[4][5]
- In Spain 20 reverse osmosis plants will be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs.[6][7][8]
See also
References
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- ↑ http://www.capecoral.net/department/utilities_department/docs/2012_Citywide_CCR.pdf
External links
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