Ralph Tester
Ralph Paterson Tester (2 June 1902 – May 1998) was an administrator at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II.[1] He founded and supervised a section named the Testery for breaking Tunny (a Fish cipher).
Contents
Background
The Lorenz cipher machine had twelve wheels, and was thus most advanced, complex, faster and far more secure than the three-wheeled Enigma. Lorenz was used to encipher top-secret messages between German Army H.Q. in Berlin, and the top generals and field-marshals on all fronts, including Adolf Hitler himself.
Career
Before World War II, Tester was an accountant who had worked extensively in Germany and as a result was very familiar with the German language and culture.[2] He held a senior position in the accountancy division of Unilever.[3]
On the outbreak of war, he worked for the BBC Monitoring Service which listened in to German public radio broadcasts.[4]
Bletchley Park
Recruited to Bletchley Park, and during later 1941 was the head of a small group working on a double Playfair cipher used by German military police.[5] Testery set up in July 1942 under Major Ralph Tester and the three other original founding members, cryptographers and linguists were: Capt. Jerry Roberts, Peter Ericasson and Maj. Denis Oswald, all four were fluent in German.
The Testery was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. It was set up in October 1941 under Major Ralph Tester. Four founder members were Tester himself and three senior cryptographers were Captain Jerry Roberts, Captain Peter Ericsson and Major Denis Oswald. All four were fluent in German. From 1 July 1942 on, this team switched and was tasked with breaking the German High Command’s most top-level code Tunny after Bill Tutte successfully broke Tunny system in Spring 1942.
The Testery used hand methods, working on a German hand cipher to break messages enciphered on TUNNY Fish (cryptography) traffic. Messages broken by hand reached 1.5 million places within one year of its foundation. By the war’s end in May 1945, the Testery had grown to nine cryptographers, out of a total staff of 118 organised in three shifts.
A former Testery senior codebreaker and shift leader Jerry Roberts, recalls that, "The imperturbable, pipe-smoking Tester spoke fluent German, but did not pretend to be a codebreaker. The atmosphere in his unit was always positive and friendly, and the personnel were well selected—Tester seemed to find the right niche for everybody. Thanks to Tester's influence the work of the Testery was very well organised."[3]
Towards the end of the European war, Tester was part of a TICOM team, a mission sent to Germany to discover information about their communications technology, including TUNNY machines.[6]
After the war, Tester returned to Unilever.[7]
List of senior executives and codebreakers on Tunny in the Testery
- Ralph Tester, linguist and head of Testery (not a codebreaker)
- Jerry Roberts, shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker
- Peter Ericsson, shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker
- Victor Masters, shift-leader (not a codebreaker)
- Denis Oswald, linguist and senior codebreaker
- Peter Hilton, codebreaker and mathematician
- Peter Benenson, codebreaker
- Peter Edgerley, codebreaker
- John Christie, codebreaker
- Jack Thompson, codebreaker
- Roy Jenkins, codebreaker (later moved on to wheel setter)
- Tom Colvill, general Manager
By the end of the War, the Testery had grown to nine cryptanalysts, a team of 24 ATS, a total staff of 118, organised in three shifts working round the clock.
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. That version is a facsimile copy, but there is a transcript of much of this document in '.pdf' format at: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., and a web transcript of Part 1 at: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Paul Gannon, Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret, 2006, p. 168, Atlantic Books, ISBN 1-84354-330-3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jerry Roberts, "Major Tester's Section", p. 250 from pp. 249–259 in B. Jack Copeland, ed., Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers, Oxford University Press, 2006.
- ↑ Michael Smith, Station X, first ed. 1998, revised 2004, p. 152.
- ↑ Roberts, "Major Tester's Section", p. 250.
- ↑ Smith, Station X, p. 203–204.
- ↑ Roberts, "Major Tester's Section", p. 252.
