Portal:Submarine

Topics Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology  War and the military Military of  Ancient Rome  Australia Bangladesh Canada Germany  Greece Pakistan Turkey United Kingdom (British Army Royal Air Force Royal Navy) United States ( Army Marine Corps Navy Air Force Coast Guard) … Military history of  Africa France the Ottoman Empire …… American Civil War American Revolutionary War Cold War Crusades Italian Wars Napoleonic Wars War of 1812 World War I World War II …… Battleships Biological warfare Submarine Tank Weapons of mass destruction …… NATO  Terrorism 200px A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has only limited underwater capability. The term submarine most commonly refers to large crewed autonomous vessels; however, historically or more casually, submarine can also refer to medium sized or smaller vessels (midget submarines, wet subs), remotely operated vehicles or robots. The word submarine was originally an adjective meaning "under the sea", and so consequently other uses such as "submarine engineering" or "submarine cable" may not actually refer to submarines at all. Submarine was shortened from the term "submarine boat", and is often further shortened to "sub". Submarines are referred to as "boats" rather than as "ships", regardless of their size. The English term U-boat for a German submarine comes from the German word for submarine, U-Boot, itself an abbreviation for Unterseeboot ("undersea boat"). Submarine history goes back far before the 19th century, in the form of some experimental boats, submarine design began to gear up during the 19th century. Submarines were first widely used in World War I, and feature in many large navies. Uses in submarine warfare range from attacking enemy ships or submarines, aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of special forces. Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection/maintenance. Submarines can also be specialized to a function such as search and rescue, or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism and for academic research. Submarines have one of the largest ranges of capabilities in any vessel, ranging from small autonomous examples to one or two-person vessels operating for a few hours, to vessels which can remain submerged for 6 months such as the Russian Typhoon class. Submarines can work at greater depths than are survivable or practical for human divers. Modern deep diving submarines are derived from the bathyscaphe, which in turn was an evolution of the diving bell. Most large submarines comprise a cylindrical body with hemispherical (and/or conical) ends and a vertical structure, usually located amidships, which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes. In modern submarines this structure is the "sail" in American usage, and "fin" in European usage. A "conning tower" was a feature of earlier designs: a separate pressure hull above the main body of the boat that allowed the use of shorter periscopes. There is a propeller (or pump jet) at the rear and various hydrodynamic control fins as well as ballast tanks. Smaller, deep diving and specialty submarines may deviate significantly from this traditional layout. More about submarines... Template:/box-footer German submarine U-255 was a Type VIIC U-boat that served in the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 21 December 1940 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack, launched on 8 October 1941, and commissioned on 29 November 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Reinhart Reche. One of the most successful U-boats to operate in Arctic waters, she operated from Norway during 1942–1943, and then from France in 1944–1945, sailing on 15 combat patrols, and sinking ten merchant ships totalling 47,640 GRT, and damaging another of 7,191 GRT enough for it to be written off as a total loss. She also sank the 1,200 GRT Edsall-class destroyer escort USS Leopold (DE-319). At the end of the war U-255 surrendered to the British, and was sunk during Operation Deadlight on 13 December 1945. B. (1913-10-15)October 15, 1913 – d.  Captain Wolfgang August Eugen Lüth (15 October 1913 – 14 May 1945) was the second most successful German U-boat ace of World War II. His career record of 46 merchant ships plus the French submarine Doris sunk during 15 war patrols, with a total displacement of 230,781 gross register tons (GRT), was second only to that of Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer, whose 47 sinkings totaled 272,958 GRT. Lüth joined the Reichsmarine in 1933. After a period of training on surface vessels he transferred to the U-boat service in 1936. In December 1939 he received command of U-9, which he took on six war-patrols. In June 1940 he took command of U-138 for two patrols. In October 1940 he transferred again, this time to the ocean-going U-43 submarine for five war-patrols. After two war-patrols on U-181, the second being his longest of the war, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten). He was the first of two U-boat commanders to be honored in such a way during World War II, the other recipient being Albrecht Brandi. Lüth's last service position was commander of the Naval Academy Mürwik at Flensburg-Mürwik. He was accidentally shot and killed by a German sentry on the night of 13 to 14 May 1945. Lüth was given the last state funeral of the Third Reich, the only U-boat commander to be so honored. An artist's impression of a Permit class submarine firing a Regulus II cruise missile. The Thresher/Permit class of United States Navy nuclear attack submarines were the replacement for the Skipjack class. They were used primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, until replaced by the Sturgeon and Los Angeles classes. January 23, 2012 The Indian Navy begins their ten-year lease of the Akula-II nuclear submarine K-152 Nerpa, agreed with Russia several years ago, and secured at a cost in excess of 900 million USD. The vessel had been renamed to INS Chakra II. May 11, 2011 The Swedish Navy have released a picture of a foreign submarine discovered in the Saltsjöbaden river of Lake Malaren in Stockholm, the capital city of Sweden. The Swedish Navy has begun investigations, which are scheduled to be completed in two months. May 5, 2011 Officials from France's aviation accident investigation agency, the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA), announced on Tuesday that they had recovered the cockpit voice recorder of Air France Flight 447 using a Remora 6000 unmanned submarine.Template:/box-footer ▼ Submarines ► Submarines by navy ► Submarine accidents ► Submarine classes ► Lists of submarines ► Submarine bases Template:/box-header {{:Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Maritime warfare task force/Submarine/Opentask}}Template:/box-footer 80px War World War II World War I Template:/box-footer WikiProject Military History WikiProject Ships Operation Nautilus Template:/box-footer Featured portals None at present Featured articles Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision • Nyon Conference • SM U-66 Featured lists List of Ohio class submarines A-Class articles SM U-14 (Austria-Hungary) • SM UB-10 • SM UB-14 • SM UB-16 • SM UB-43 • SM UB-45 • USS Triton (SSRN-586) Good topics German Type IXA submarines • German Type U 66 submarines • German Type UB I submarines • U-20 class submarines • U-27 class submarines (Austria-Hungary) • U-3 class submarines • U-43 class submarines (Austria-Hungary) • U-5 class submarines Good articles British B class submarine • German submarine U-104 (1940) • German submarine U-105 (1940) • German submarine U-111 (1940) • German submarine U-162 (1941) • German submarine U-2336 • German submarine U-255 • German submarine U-27 (1936) • German submarine U-28 (1936) • German submarine U-30 (1936) • German submarine U-36 (1936) • German submarine U-37 (1938) • German submarine U-38 (1938) • German submarine U-39 (1938) • German submarine U-40 (1938) • German submarine U-41 (1939) • German submarine U-42 (1939) • German submarine U-43 (1939) • German submarine U-47 (1938) • German submarine U-64 (1939) • German submarine U-853 • German Type IXA submarine • German Type UB I submarine • German U-boat bases in occupied Norway • HMS Phoenix (N96) • HMS Trump (P333) • HMS X1 • Russian submarine B-585 Saint Petersburg • Russian submarine K-114 Tula • SM U-27 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-28 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-30 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-31 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-32 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-40 (Austria-Hungary) • SM U-41 (Austria-Hungary) • SM UB-11 • SM UB-12 • SM UB-13 • SM UB-17 • SM UB-2 • SM UB-3 • SM UB-4 • SM UB-42 • SM UB-44 • SM UB-47 • SM UB-50 • SM UB-6 • SM UB-7 • SM UB-8 • SM UB-9 • Turtle (submersible) Template:/box-footer Template:/box-footer What are portals? 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