Particularly Dangerous Situation
A Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) is a type of enhanced wording first used by the Storm Prediction Center (a national guidance center of the National Weather Service, the meteorological agency of the United States) on certain severe weather watches. It is issued at the discretion of the forecaster composing the watch and implies that there is an enhanced risk of very severe and life-threatening weather, usually a major tornado outbreak or (much less often) a long-lived, extreme derecho event, but possibly another weather hazard.[1]
PDS watches are quite uncommon; less than 3% of watches issued by the SPC from 1996 to 2005 were PDS watches, or an average of 24 each year.[2] When a PDS watch is issued, there are often more PDS watches issued for the same weather system, even on the same day during major outbreaks, so the number of days per year that a PDS watch is issued is significantly lower.
Contents
Background
The first PDS tornado watch was issued by Robert H. Johns for the April 2, 1982 tornado outbreak across the southern and central Great Plains.[3] While historically applied only to severe thunderstorm, tornado and flash flood watches (i.e., Severe Local Storm "polygonal" events), PDS wording could theoretically be applied to other types of weather watches (such as winter storm, high wind, hurricane, or fire weather watches) when an enhanced threat for such conditions exists. These watches have generally (but not always) been issued during a high risk or an upper-end moderate risk either of severe storms from the SPC's convective outlooks or of flash flooding from the Weather Prediction Center's Excessive Rainfall Outlooks.
On April 24, 2011, the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee issued the first PDS flash flood watch to highlight the threat for widespread, significant and potentially life-threatening flash flooding due to repeated rounds of severe thunderstorms.
Issuance
PDS Tornado Watch
PDS tornado watches are issued when there is a higher than normal risk of multiple strong to violent tornadoes – especially those that are predicted to be long-track in nature, with path lengths of more than 20 miles – in the watch area (usually amounting to damage consistent with EF4 or EF5 tornadoes), in addition to including significant wind and hail damage. This enhanced wording in a Tornado Watch is meant to alert the public of the potential for very life-threatening severe weather. While there are no set criteria for a PDS watch to be issued, they are usually issued when the potential exists for a major tornado outbreak. These types of tornado watches represent about 90% of PDS watches issued by the Storm Prediction Center. PDS Tornado Watches are often issued on high risk days for severe weather.[2]
The PDS Tornado Watch shown below was issued covering Alabama during the early stages of the extreme tornado outbreak that killed over 300 people (which clearly verified) as explained above.
NOTE: The color of all text in the original alert issued was black, except for the text "THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION", which was rendered in red (not bolded) in the actual alert.[4]
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SEL5 URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 235 NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK 145 PM CDT WED APR 27 2011 THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF MUCH OF ALABAMA NORTHWEST GEORGIA SOUTHEAST MISSISSIPPI SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE EFFECTIVE THIS WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 145 PM UNTIL 1000 PM CDT. '''...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...''' DESTRUCTIVE TORNADOES...LARGE HAIL TO 4 INCHES IN DIAMETER... THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS TO 80 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS. THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 80 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 45 MILES NORTHEAST OF HUNTSVILLE ALABAMA TO 60 MILES WEST SOUTHWEST OF EVERGREEN ALABAMA. FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU5) REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS. OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 230...WW 231...WW 232...WW 233...WW 234...< DISCUSSION...A CLASSIC TORNADO OUTBREAK SITUATION IS DEVELOPING ACROSS MUCH OF AL AS DISCRETE TORNADIC SUPERCELLS FORM OVER MS AND TRACK ACROSS THE WATCH AREA. STRONG LOW LEVEL AND DEEP LAYER VERTICAL SHEAR...COMBINED WITH A MOIST AND MODERATELY UNSTABLE AIR MASS...WILL POSE A DANGEROUS RISK OF STRONG/VIOLENT AND POTENTIALLY LONG-TRACK TORNADOES AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 4 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 25040. ...HART
PDS Severe Thunderstorm Watch
PDS severe thunderstorm watches are issued when there is a higher than normal risk of severe thunderstorm winds capable of major structural damage (in addition to large hail and perhaps a few isolated tornadoes), usually due to a strong and persistent derecho. These watches are very rare (accounting an average of only two each year), as the risk for tornadoes must remain low enough to not warrant a tornado watch (a normal tornado watch would be issued if the tornado risk is significant alongside the extreme wind threat).[2]
The PDS Severe Thunderstorm Watch shown below was from May 30, 2011:
NOTE: The color of all text in the original alert issued was black, except for the text "THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION", which was red (not bolded) in the actual alert.[5]
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SEL5
URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH NUMBER 405
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
840 PM CDT MON MAY 30 2011
THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF
PARTS OF NORTHWEST IOWA
PARTS OF CENTRAL KANSAS
MUCH OF EASTERN NEBRASKA
SMALL PART OF SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA
EFFECTIVE THIS MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY MORNING FROM 840 PM UNTIL
200 AM CDT.
...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...
EXTREMELY DAMAGING THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS TO 90 MPH...LARGE HAIL
TO 1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE
IN THESE AREAS.
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 75
STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 35 MILES NORTHWEST OF
SIOUX CITY IOWA TO 50 MILES SOUTH SOUTHEAST OF RUSSELL KANSAS.
FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU5).
REMEMBER...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE
FAVORABLE FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN AND OCCASIONALLY
DO PRODUCE TORNADOES.
OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 402...WW 403...
DISCUSSION...INTENSE SQUALL LINE HAS DEVELOPED N/S ACROSS CENTRAL
NEB AND CONTINUES TO DEVELOP SWD AS IT MOVES EWD. VERY STRONG PRES
RISE/FALL COUPLET IS DRIVING THE LINE EWD WITH THE FORCING FROM
LARGE SCALE TROUGH ROTATING ACROSS THE NRN/CENTRAL PLAINS PROVIDING
BOTH SHEAR AND UPWARD MOTION TO RESULT IN POTENTIAL FOR VERY
DAMAGING WINDS. IN ADDITION BRIEF TORNADOES ARE STILL POSSIBLE BUT
DAMAGING WINDS NOW ARE THE DOMINANT THREAT.
AVIATION...A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT
TO 1.5 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND GUSTS TO 80
KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 550. MEAN STORM
MOTION VECTOR 23040.
...HALES
PDS Flash Flood Watch
PDS Flash Flood Watches are issued when there is a higher than normal risk of widespread, life-threatening flash flooding. These watches are issued by local NWS Weather Forecast Offices, not the Storm Prediction Center.
This watch shown here, was the first PDS Flash Flood Watch and was issued by the National Weather Service forecast office in Memphis, Tennessee on April 24, 2011, as mentioned above.[6]
NOTE: The color of all text in the original alert issued was black, including the text "THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION", which was neither rendered in red nor bolded in the actual alert.
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URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
FLOOD WATCH
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011
...VERY HEAVY RAINFALL THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THIS WEEK WILL LIKELY
LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT...WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOODING...
...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...
A BOUNDARY WILL CONTINUE TO REMAIN STATIONARY ACROSS SOUTHERN
MISSOURI INTO KENTUCKY THROUGH MONDAY. REPEATED ROUNDS OF
THUNDERSTORMS WILL TRACK ALONG THE FRONT BRINGING HEAVY RAINFALL.
THEN A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL TRACK ALONG IT INTO MISSOURI AND
PUSH THE FRONT FURTHER SOUTH TO ALONG THE I-40 CORRIDOR MONDAY
NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT. THIS WILL SHIFT THE HEAVY RAIN AXIS
FURTHER SOUTH TO ALONG AND JUST NORTH OF THE I-40 CORRIDOR.
A SECOND LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL TRACK ALONG THE NEWLY STALLED
BOUNDARY AND SET OFF ADDITIONAL TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS LATE
TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY. THE FINAL COLD FRONT WILL PASS
THROUGH LATE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON...ENDING THE PERSISTENT HEAVY
RAINFALL.
ARZ026>028-035-036-048-049-058-MSZ001>014-TNZ003-004-019>021-
048>055-088>092-250400-
/O.NEW.KMEG.FF.A.0007.110426T0000Z-110428T0000Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
CRAIGHEAD-POINSETT-MISSISSIPPI-CROSS-CRITTENDEN-ST. FRANCIS-
LEE AR-PHILLIPS-DESOTO-MARSHALL-BENTON MS-TIPPAH-ALCORN-
TISHOMINGO-TUNICA-TATE-PRENTISS-COAHOMA-QUITMAN-PANOLA-LAFAYETTE-
UNION-WEAKLEY-HENRY-DYER-GIBSON-CARROLL-LAUDERDALE-TIPTON-HAYWOOD-
CROCKETT-MADISON-CHESTER-HENDERSON-DECATUR-SHELBY-FAYETTE-
HARDEMAN-MCNAIRY-HARDIN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JONESBORO...HARRISBURG...BLYTHEVILLE...
WYNNE...WEST MEMPHIS...FORREST CITY...HELENA...SOUTHAVEN...
OLIVE BRANCH...CORINTH...IUKA...TUNICA...BOONEVILLE...
CLARKSDALE...BATESVILLE...OXFORD...NEW ALBANY...MARTIN...
DRESDEN...PARIS...DYERSBURG...HUMBOLDT...MILAN...HUNTINGDON...
COVINGTON...JACKSON...LEXINGTON...BARTLETT...GERMANTOWN...
COLLIERVILLE...MEMPHIS...MILLINGTON...SOMERVILLE...BOLIVAR...
SAVANNAH
239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM MONDAY EVENING THROUGH
WEDNESDAY EVENING...
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A
- FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF EAST ARKANSAS...NORTH MISSISSIPPI
AND WEST TENNESSEE...INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AREAS...IN EAST
ARKANSAS...CRAIGHEAD...CRITTENDEN...CROSS...
LEE...MISSISSIPPI...PHILLIPS...POINSETT AND ST. FRANCIS. IN
NORTH MISSISSIPPI...ALCORN...BENTON...COAHOMA...DESOTO...
LAFAYETTE...MARSHALL...PANOLA...PRENTISS...QUITMAN...TATE...
TIPPAH...TISHOMINGO...TUNICA AND UNION. IN WEST TENNESSEE...
CARROLL...CHESTER...CROCKETT...DECATUR...DYER...FAYETTE...
GIBSON...HARDEMAN...HARDIN...HAYWOOD...HENDERSON...HENRY...
LAUDERDALE...MADISON...MCNAIRY...SHELBY...TIPTON AND WEAKLEY.
- FROM MONDAY EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING.
- THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION.
- TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 5 TO 8 INCHES ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND
NORTH OF I-40 WITH 2 TO 5 INCHES EXPECTED SOUTH OF I-40. LOCALLY
HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE LIKELY.
- RAINFALL AMOUNTS SUCH AS THESE MAY LEAD TO WIDESPREAD...
SIGNIFICANT...AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING. THIS EVENT
MAY BE AS SEVERE AS THE MAY 1–2, 2010 FLOODING IN PLACES. FLASH
FLOODING OF CITIES...RURAL AREAS...RIVERS...AND SMALL STREAMS
ARE POSSIBLE.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD
TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION.
YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION
SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED.
&&
$$
ARZ008-009-017-018-MOZ113-115-TNZ001-002-250400-
/O.EXT.KMEG.FF.A.0006.000000T0000Z-110428T0000Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
RANDOLPH-CLAY-LAWRENCE-GREENE-DUNKLIN-PEMISCOT-LAKE-OBION-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WALNUT RIDGE...PARAGOULD...KENNETT...
CARUTHERSVILLE...UNION CITY
239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011
...FLASH FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING...
THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS NOW IN EFFECT FOR
- PORTIONS OF EAST ARKANSAS...SOUTHEAST MISSOURI AND WEST
TENNESSEE...INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AREAS...IN EAST ARKANSAS...
CLAY...GREENE...LAWRENCE AND RANDOLPH. IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI...
DUNKLIN AND PEMISCOT. IN WEST TENNESSEE...LAKE AND OBION.
- THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING.
- THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION.
- ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 6 TO 9 INCHES ARE EXPECTED.
LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE LIKELY. THIS...IN COMBINATION OF
THE 2 TO 4 INCHES THAT HAVE ALREADY FALLEN MAY LEAD TO TOTAL
RAINFALL AMOUNTS IN EXCESS OF 12 INCHES IN MANY LOCATIONS.
- RAINFALL AMOUNTS SUCH AS THESE WILL LIKELY LEAD TO WIDESPREAD...
SIGNIFICANT...AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING. THIS EVENT
MAY BE AS SEVERE AS THE MAY 1-2 2010 FLOODING IN MANY PLACES.
FLASH FLOODING OF CITIES...RURAL AREAS...RIVERS...AND SMALL
STREAMS ARE POSSIBLE.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD
TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION.
YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION
SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED.
&&
$$
BORGHOFF
PDS Tornado Warning
PDS tornado warnings are currently issued on an experimental basis by the 38 National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices within the Central Region.[7] The criteria for a PDS warning is when a tornado on the ground has been spotted or confirmed, or a significant tornado is expected (due to radar signatures). While the intention of this experimental warning may be to replace the loosely defined tornado emergency, PDS tornado warnings are structured as the second highest level of tornado warning within the Impact Based Warning system (an experiment – which also includes tags within warning products illustrating radar indications or physical observations of tornadoes, and damage potential – participated by the 33 Weather Forecast Offices within the Central Region, and will expand to eight additional offices within the Western, Eastern and Southern regions in the spring of 2014[8]); a tornado emergency, the highest warning level, is used within the United States for destructive tornadoes approaching more densely populated areas. These are the first warnings issued with PDS wording, and like PDS flash flood watches, are issued by local forecast offices.[9][10]
NOTE: The color of all text in the original alert issued was black, including the text "THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION", which was neither rendered in red nor bolded in the actual alert.[11]
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BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORT WORTH TX
1011 PM CDT SUN APR 26 2015
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN FORT WORTH HAS ISSUED A
- TORNADO WARNING FOR...
NORTHWESTERN HILL COUNTY IN CENTRAL TEXAS...
SOUTHERN JOHNSON COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS...
- UNTIL 1045 PM CDT
- AT 1010 PM CDT...A CONFIRMED LARGE AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TORNADO
WAS LOCATED NEAR CLEBURNE STATE PARK...OR 9 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
CLEBURNE...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH.
THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION.
HAZARD...DAMAGING TORNADO.
SOURCE...WEATHER SPOTTERS CONFIRMED TORNADO.
IMPACT...YOU ARE IN A LIFE THREATENING SITUATION. FLYING DEBRIS
MAY BE DEADLY TO THOSE CAUGHT WITHOUT SHELTER. MOBILE
HOMES WILL BE DESTROYED. CONSIDERABLE DAMAGE TO
HOMES...BUSINESSES AND VEHICLES IS LIKELY AND COMPLETE
DESTRUCTION IS POSSIBLE.
- THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
BLUM AROUND 1025 PM CDT.
COVINGTON AROUND 1045 PM CDT.
OTHER LOCATIONS IMPACTED BY THIS TORNADIC THUNDERSTORM INCLUDE RIO
VISTA.
THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 35W NEAR MILE MARKER 25.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TO REPEAT...A LARGE...EXTREMELY DANGEROUS AND POTENTIALLY DEADLY
TORNADO IS ON THE GROUND. TO PROTECT YOUR LIFE...TAKE COVER NOW! MOVE
TO A BASEMENT OR AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A STURDY
BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF YOU ARE OUTDOORS...IN A MOBILE HOME...OR
IN A VEHICLE...MOVE TO THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT
YOURSELF FROM FLYING DEBRIS.
TORNADOES ARE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO SEE AND CONFIRM AT NIGHT. DO NOT
WAIT TO SEE OR HEAR THE TORNADO. TAKE COVER NOW.
PDS Wind Chill Warning
PDS wind chill warnings are issued when there is an enhanced risk of frost bite, hypothermia, and eventually death due to extremely low wind chills. These warnings are issued by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices rather than the Storm Prediction Center.
The PDS Wind Chill Warning shown below was issued by the National Weather Service in the Twin Cities on January 5, 2014.
NOTE: The color of all text in the original alert issued was black, except for the text "THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION", which was neither rendered in red nor bolded in the actual alert.[12]
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629
WWUS43 KMPX 050957
WSWMPX
URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TWIN CITIES/CHANHASSEN MN
357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014
...HISTORIC AND LIFE-THREATENING COLD AIR HAS ARRIVED...
...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...
.THE COLDEST AIRMASS SINCE 1996 CONTINUES TO MOVE SOUTHEAST OUT
OF CANADA AND INTO MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. WIND CHILL VALUES WILL
RANGE BETWEEN 30 AND 45 BELOW TODAY AND CONTINUE TO FALL THROUGH
MONDAY MORNING. AIR TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL DROP INTO THE 20S
AND 30S BELOW ZERO. GUSTY WEST OR NORTHWEST WINDS COMBINED WITH
THESE EXTREMELY COLD TEMPERATURES WILL PRODUCE WIND CHILLS OF 50
TO 65 BELOW ZERO LATE TONIGHT AND EARLY MONDAY.
WIND CHILLS COLDER THAN 50 BELOW CAN CAUSE EXPOSED FLESH TO
FREEZE IN ONLY 5 MINUTES. A WIND CHILL WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR
CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA AND WEST CENTRAL WISCONSIN THROUGH
NOON TUESDAY.
THE GUSTY WINDS WILL ALSO BRING AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW TO MUCH OF
THE AREA TODAY AND TONIGHT. WHERE GUSTS REACH 35 TO 45 MPH OVER
WESTERN AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...VISIBILITIES MAY OCCASIONALLY BE
REDUCED TO LESS THAN A HALF MILE IN NEAR BLIZZARD CONDITIONS. THIS
WILL BRING AN ADDITIONAL LEVEL OF DANGER TO ANYONE STRANDED.
MNZ041-047-048-054>057-064-065-067-073>075-082>085-091>093-052115-
/O.CON.KMPX.WC.W.0001.000000T0000Z-140107T1800Z/
DOUGLAS-STEVENS-POPE-LAC QUI PARLE-SWIFT-CHIPPEWA-KANDIYOHI-
YELLOW MEDICINE-RENVILLE-SIBLEY-REDWOOD-BROWN-NICOLLET-WATONWAN-
BLUE EARTH-WASECA-STEELE-MARTIN-FARIBAULT-FREEBORN-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ALEXANDRIA...MORRIS...GLENWOOD...
MADISON...BENSON...MONTEVIDEO...WILLMAR...GRANITE FALLS...
OLIVIA...GAYLORD...REDWOOD FALLS...NEW ULM...ST. PETER...
ST. JAMES...MANKATO...WASECA...OWATONNA...FAIRMONT...BLUE EARTH...
ALBERT LEA
357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014
...WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY...
A WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY.
- THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION!
- WIND CHILL VALUES: 35 TO 65 BELOW...WITH THE COLDEST READINGS
TONIGHT AND MONDAY MORNING.
- IMPACTS: EXPOSED FLESH WILL FREEZE IN 10 MINUTES WITH WIND
CHILLS OF 35 BELOW...AND IN 5 MINUTES WITH WIND CHILLS OF 50 BELOW OR COLDER.
- OTHER IMPACTS...WINDS GUSTING BETWEEN 35 AND 45 MPH THIS
AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT WILL LEAD TO BLOWING SNOW WITH
VISIBILITIES OCCASIONALLY DROPPING TO 1/2 MILE OR LESS IN NEAR
BLIZZARD CONDITIONS. SHOULD YOUR VEHICLE BECOME STRANDED...YOUR
LIFE WILL BE AT RISK. CONSIDER POSTPONING ALL TRAVEL.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A WIND CHILL WARNING MEANS THE COMBINATION OF VERY COLD AIR AND
STRONG WINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILL VALUES. THIS
WILL RESULT IN FROST BITE AND LEAD TO HYPOTHERMIA OR DEATH IF
PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT TAKEN.
&&
$$
MNZ042>045-049>053-058>063-066-068>070-076>078-WIZ014>016-023>028-
052115-
/O.CON.KMPX.WC.W.0001.000000T0000Z-140107T1800Z/
TODD-MORRISON-MILLE LACS-KANABEC-STEARNS-BENTON-SHERBURNE-ISANTI-
CHISAGO-MEEKER-WRIGHT-HENNEPIN-ANOKA-RAMSEY-WASHINGTON-MCLEOD-
CARVER-SCOTT-DAKOTA-LE SUEUR-RICE-GOODHUE-POLK-BARRON-RUSK-
ST. CROIX-PIERCE-DUNN-PEPIN-CHIPPEWA-EAU CLAIRE-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...LONG PRAIRIE...LITTLE FALLS...
PRINCETON...MORA...ST. CLOUD...FOLEY...ELK RIVER...CAMBRIDGE...
CENTER CITY...LITCHFIELD...MONTICELLO...MINNEAPOLIS...BLAINE...
ST. PAUL...STILLWATER...HUTCHINSON...CHASKA...SHAKOPEE...
BURNSVILLE...LE SUEUR...FARIBAULT...RED WING...AMERY...
BALSAM LAKE...RICE LAKE...BARRON...LADYSMITH...HUDSON...
NEW RICHMOND...RIVER FALLS...PRESCOTT...MENOMONIE...BOYCEVILLE...
DURAND...PEPIN...CHIPPEWA FALLS...BLOOMER...EAU CLAIRE...ALTOONA
357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014
...WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY...
A WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY.
- THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION!
- WIND CHILL VALUES: 35 TO 65 BELOW...WITH THE COLDEST READINGS
TONIGHT AND MONDAY MORNING.
- IMPACTS: EXPOSED FLESH WILL FREEZE IN 10 MINUTES WITH WIND
CHILLS OF 35 BELOW...AND IN 5 MINUTES WITH WIND CHILLS OF 50
BELOW OR COLDER.
- OTHER IMPACTS...AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW ARE POSSIBLE AS WINDS GUST
AS HIGH AS 35 MPH THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A WIND CHILL WARNING MEANS THE COMBINATION OF VERY COLD AIR AND
STRONG WINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILL VALUES. THIS
WILL RESULT IN FROST BITE AND LEAD TO HYPOTHERMIA OR DEATH IF
PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT TAKEN.
&&
$$
BORGHOFF
PDS Special Weather Statement
A special weather statement is usually issued by the NWS for hazards that have not yet reached warning or advisory status or that do not have a specific code of their own.
The PDS Special Weather Statement below was issued by the National Weather Service in Buffalo, New York on December 11, 2013, regarding extreme amounts of lake effect snow to impact the defined area.
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BUFFALO NY 255 PM EST WED DEC 11 2013 NYZ006>008-112200- OSWEGO-JEFFERSON-LEWIS- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...OSWEGO...WATERTOWN...LOWVILLE 255 PM EST WED DEC 11 2013 ...EXTREMELY HEAVY LAKE EFFECT SNOW TO CONTINUE THROUGH THE EVENING COMMUTE... A BAND OF VERY INTENSE LAKE EFFECT SNOW EXTENDING FROM BETWEEN SANDY CREEK AND ADAMS ALONG I-81...EASTWARD TO LOWVILLE AND CROGHAN WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. OTHER AREAS IMPACTED BY THIS SNOW BAND INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO MONTAGUE...MARTINSBURG...HIGHMARKET...TURIN...SANDY CREEK...LACONA...PULASKI...LOWVILLE AND LYONS FALLS. THIS BAND WILL DRIFT SLIGHTLY NORTH OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS. SNOWFALL RATES OF 3 TO 5 INCHES PER HOUR CAN BE EXPECTED WITHIN THE MOST INTENSE LAKE BANDS. IN ADDITION...WEST WINDS BETWEEN 15 TO 30 MPH WILL RESULT IN CONSIDERABLE BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...REDUCING VISIBILITIES TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES MAKING FOR WHITE OUT CONDITIONS. ...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION... THIS WILL PRODUCE TREACHEROUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS ACROSS THE TUG HILL...INTERSTATE 81 FROM PULASKI TO ADAMS...AND ALONG STATE ROUTE 12 FROM TURIN TO LOWVILLE. TRAVEL ACROSS THESE AREAS WILL BE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON...AND IS HIGHLY DISCOURAGED. $$ JAM
Other watches and warnings
While the use of PDS wording for other types of watches and warnings has not been used, PDS verbiage could theoretically be applied to any kind of watch or warning to alert the public to weather events where there exists an increased risk of loss of life or widespread damage to property. Some such situations could include PDS watches or warnings for blizzards, ice storms, high winds, extreme heat, or fire danger. For example, on May 26, 2015 during the flood disaster in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, a flood warning was issued similar to a PDS flood warning stating "...this is a dangerous and life threatening situation...".
References
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- ↑ http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=usa&wwa=Tornado%20Warning%7Caccessdate=26 April 2015
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
