New Zealand national rugby union team

"ABs" redirects here. For other uses, see ABS (disambiguation) and AB (disambiguation).

"All Blacks" redirects here. For other uses, see All Blacks (disambiguation).

New Zealand

File:All Blacks logo.svg
Union	New Zealand Rugby Union
Nickname(s)	All Blacks, ABs
Emblem(s)	Silver fern
Coach(es)	Steve Hansen
Captain(s)	Kieran Read
Most caps	Richie McCaw (148)
Top scorer	Dan Carter (1598)
Most tries	Doug Howlett (49)
Team kit Change kit
First international
Australia 3–22 New Zealand (15 August 1903)
Largest win
New Zealand 145–17 Japan (4 June 1995)
Largest defeat
Australia 28–7 New Zealand (28 August 1999)
World Cup
Appearances	8 (First in 1987)
Best result	Champions 1987, 2011, 2015
Official website
www.allblacks.com

The New Zealand national men's rugby union team, officially nicknamed the All Blacks, represents New Zealand in men's rugby union, which is regarded as the country's national sport. The All Blacks are three time winners, and current holders of the Rugby World Cup, having won the inaugural competition in 1987, then won consecutive titles in 2011 and 2015, and are the 2015 World Rugby Team of the Year. They have won over 76% of their test matches and are the leading test match points scorers of all time. Their win ratio puts them amongst the most successful teams of any sport in history. They are the only international side with a winning record against every country they have played, and since their international debut in 1903 only five nations have defeated New Zealand in test matches. Since the introduction of the World Rugby Rankings in October 2003, New Zealand has held the number one ranking longer than all other teams combined. The All Blacks are also the first team to set their hands on the Webb Ellis Cup, the first team to win back to back Rugby World Cups, and the first team to win the cup on three separate occasions.

New Zealand competes with Argentina, Australia and South Africa in The Rugby Championship – previously known known as the Tri Nations prior to Argentina's entry in 2012. The All Blacks have won the trophy thirteen times in the competition's nineteen-year history. They also hold the Bledisloe Cup, which is contested annually with Australia, and the Freedom Cup, contested annually with South Africa. New Zealand have achieved a Grand Slam (defeating England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in one tour) four times – 1978, 2005, 2008 and 2010.

They have also been named the World Rugby Team of the Year seven times since 2005. Four members have won the World Rugby Player of the Year award – Richie McCaw, Dan Carter, Kieran Read, and Brodie Retallick. Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame; four of these are also inductees of the World Rugby Hall of Fame.

The team's first match was in 1884, and their first international match in 1903 against Australia in Sydney. The following year they hosted their first ever home Test, a match against a British Isles side in Wellington. This was followed by a tour of Europe and North America in 1905 where the team suffered their first test defeat – to Wales in Cardiff.

New Zealand's early uniforms consisted of a black jersey with a silver fern and white knickerbockers. By the 1905 tour, they were wearing all black, except for the silver fern, and their name All Blacks dates from this time.

The team perform a haka – a Māori challenge or posture dance – before each match. The haka performed has traditionally been Te Rauparaha's Ka Mate, although since 2005 Kapa o Pango – a modified version of the 1924 All Blacks haka, Kia Whaka-ngawari – is sometimes performed.

History

Introduction of rugby to New Zealand

The team that toured New South Wales, Australia, in 1884

Rugby union – almost universally referred to as rugby in New Zealand – was introduced to New Zealand by Charles Monro in 1870; Monro discovered the sport while completing his studies at Christ's College, Finchley, England. The first recorded game in New Zealand took place in May 1870 in Nelson between the Nelson club and Nelson College. The first provincial union, the Canterbury Rugby Football Union, was formed in 1879, and in 1882 New Zealand's first internationals were played when New South Wales (NSW) toured the country. NSW did not face a New Zealand representative team but played seven provincial sides – the tourists won four games and lost three. Two years later the first New Zealand team to travel overseas toured New South Wales; where New Zealand won all eight of their games.

A privately organised British team, which later became the British and Irish Lions, toured New Zealand in 1888. No test matches were played, and the side only played provincial sides. The British players were drawn mainly from Northern England, but there were representatives from Wales and Scotland.

International competition begins

See also: The Original All Blacks

In 1892, following the canvassing of provincial administrators by Ernest Hoben, the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) was formed by the majority of New Zealand's provincial unions, but did not include Canterbury, Otago or Southland. The first officially sanctioned New Zealand side toured New South Wales in 1893, where the Thomas Ellison captained team won nine of their ten matches. The following year New Zealand played its first home "international" game, losing 8–6 to New South Wales. The team's first true test match occurred against Australia on 15 August 1903 at the Sydney Cricket Ground in front of over 30,000 spectators, and resulted in a 22–3 victory.

The Original All Blacks that toured the British Isles, France and the United States during 1905–06. The team won 34 of their 35 tour matches.

A representative New Zealand team first toured the British Isles in 1905. The side is now known as the Originals, as the All Blacks name emerged during this tour when, according to team member Billy Wallace, a London newspaper reported that the New Zealanders played as if they were "all backs". Wallace claimed that because of a typographical error, subsequent references were to "All Blacks". This account is most likely a myth – because of their black playing strip, the side was probably referred to as the Blacks before they left New Zealand. Even though the name All Blacks most likely existed before the trip, the tour did popularise it. The name had earlier appeared in a New Zealand newspaper in 1904.

The Originals played 35 matches on tour, and their only loss was a 3–0 defeat to Wales in Cardiff. The match has entered into the folklore of both countries because of a controversy over whether All Black Bob Deans scored a try which would have earned his team a 3–3 draw. In contrast to the success of the Originals on the field, the team did antagonise some in the Home Nations' rugby establishment; both administrators and the press complained that the All Blacks did not play the game within the amateur and gentlemanly spirit promoted by the International Rugby Football Board. These complaint continued to dog New Zealand teams until the 1930s.

The success of the Originals had uncomfortable consequences for the amateur NZRFU. In 1907, a party of professional players was assembled to tour the British Isles and play rugby league – a professional offshoot of rugby union that was played by clubs that split from England's Rugby Football Union (RFU) due to disagreements over financial compensation for players. When the All Golds, as the team came to be known, returned they established rugby league in New Zealand, and a large number of players switched to the professional code. English and Welsh authorities were alarmed by the threat of professionalism to rugby in New Zealand, and in 1908 an Anglo-Welsh side undertook a tour to New Zealand to help promote the amateur values under which they believed sport should be played. The tourists were defeated 2–0 in the three-test series by New Zealand, but the Anglo-Welsh did manage to draw the second test 3–3.

Development of a legacy

International rugby was suspended during the First World War, but a New Zealand Services team did compete in inter-services competition known as the King's Cup. After their departure from Europe the side toured South Africa before their return to New Zealand, and that tour paved the way for a South African team to tour New Zealand in 1921. The Springboks – as the South African team is known – played New Zealand in a test series that ended all square. New Zealand conducted a return tour to South Africa in 1928, and the test series was again drawn; both teams winning two tests each.

The 1924 All Black tourists to the British Isles and France were dubbed the Invincibles because they won every game. However, the team was deprived of a potential Grand Slam when Scotland refused to play them because they were upset the tour was organised through the RFU rather than the IRFB. The first British Isles side since 1908 toured New Zealand in 1930. Although the Lions won the first Test, the home side regrouped and went on to win the series 3–1. New Zealand toured the British Isles again in 1935–36, losing only three games – including two tests – during a 30-match tour. In one of these losses, Prince Obolensky famously scored two tries to help England to a 13–0 win; their first over New Zealand.

The All Blacks at the climax of their haka before a 1932 test against Australia.

In 1937, South Africa toured New Zealand and decisively won the test series despite losing the first Test; this 1937 South African team has been described as the best team ever to leave New Zealand. It was not until 1949 that New Zealand next played the Springboks when they toured South Africa with Fred Allen as captain. Although each test against South Africa was very close, New Zealand lost the series 4–0. As part of the tour, a contingent of 26 All Blacks travelled to Rhodesia for two non-test exhibition matches. The Rhodesia side beat the All Blacks 10–8 in Bulawayo, and then drew 3–3 in the follow up match in Salisbury.

At the same time as an All Black team was touring South Africa, Australia were touring New Zealand. The two tours coincided because Māori players were not able to go to South Africa at the time, meaning the Australians, played against a New Zealand team made up of the best Māori and the reserve non-Māori players, while the South Africans encountered the best pākehā (non-Māori) players. On the afternoon of 3 September New Zealand, captained by Johnny Smith, were beaten 11–6 by Australia in Wellington. New Zealand then lost their second test 16–9, which gave Australia a Bledisloe Cup series win in New Zealand for the first time. 1949 was an annus horribilis for the All Blacks as they lost all six of their test matches, and the experience of playing two test series simultaneously has not been repeated.

The two consecutive series losses to South Africa made their 1956 tour of New Zealand highly anticipated. New Zealand were captained by Bob Duff and coached by Bob Stuart, and their 3–1 series win was their first over the Springboks and the Springboks' first series loss that century. During the series, New Zealand introduced Don Clarke, and brought prop Kevin Skinner out of retirement to help secure the win. Skinner, a former New Zealand boxing champion, had retired from international rugby, but was convinced to return for the third and fourth tests. One reason for Skinner's selection was to "sort out" the South African props, while Clarke become known as "The Boot" for his goal kicking.

New Zealand's 3–1 series win over the Lions in 1959 proved to be the start of a dominant period in All Black rugby. This was followed by the 1963–64 tour to Britain and Ireland, led by Wilson Whineray, in which New Zealand were deprived of a Grand Slam by a scoreless draw with Scotland. The only loss on this tour was to Newport RFC, who won 3–0 at Rodney Parade, Newport on 30 October 1963. The 1967 side won three tests against the home nations, but was unable to play Ireland because of a foot-and-mouth scare. This tour formed part of New Zealand's longest winning streak, between 1965 and 1970, of 17 test victories. This was also the longest test winning streak by any nation at the time; it would be equalled by the Springboks in 1998, and surpassed by Lithuania in 2010. Although the 1966 Lions were defeated 0–4 in their New Zealand tour, there was a reversal of fortune five years later when the 1971 Lions, under the captaincy of Welshman John Dawes, beat New Zealand in a test series, which remains the Lions' only series victory in New Zealand.

The 1972–3 tourists narrowly missed a Grand Slam with a draw against Ireland. The tour was notable for the sending home of prop Keith Murdoch, who was alleged to have been involved in a brawl in a Cardiff hotel while celebrating the defeat of Wales.

In 1978, Graham Mourie captained New Zealand to their first Grand Slam, including a 13–12 victory over Wales. That game generated controversy after New Zealand won as the result of a late penalty. Lock Andy Haden had dived out of a line-out in an attempt to earn a penalty, but referee Roger Quittenden insisted the penalty was against Welsh lock Geoff Wheel for jumping off the shoulder of Frank Oliver. New Zealand's only loss on the tour was the famous 12–0 defeat by Irish province Munster at Thomond Park. Later a play which focused on the loss was written by John Breen, called Alone it Stands.

Controversial tours

Police outside Eden Park before an All Blacks' match during the 1981 Springbok tour

The 1976 All Blacks tour of apartheid South Africa generated much controversy, and led to the boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal by 28 African nations after the IOC refused to ban the team. New Zealand again failed to win the test series in South Africa: they did not do so until 1996, after the fall of apartheid. The 1976 Tour contributed to the Gleneagles Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth Heads of State in 1977.

The 1981 South African tour to New Zealand sparked protests against South Africa's apartheid policy the likes of which had not been seen in New Zealand since the 1951 waterfront dispute. The NZRU had invited the Springboks to tour as the Muldoon government refused to involve politics in sport. Although New Zealand won the test series, two of the tour's provincial games were cancelled and the whole tour was marred by violence and protest. The third and final test match of the tour is sometimes known as the Flour Bomb Test, as an anti-apartheid activist in a Cessna light aircraft dropped leaflets, flares, a parachute-supported banner reading "Biko" and flour bombs into Auckland's Eden Park throughout the match, felling a New Zealand player. During the tour the country experienced unrest, and the tour had a significant impact on New Zealand society.

The 1985 All Blacks tour to South Africa was cancelled after legal action on the grounds that it would breach the NZRU's constitution. In 1986, a rebel tour to South Africa took place that had not been authorised by the NZRU and the team, named the Cavaliers, included many All Blacks. Those that participated in the tour received a ban for two tests from the NZRU when they returned to New Zealand. Allegations that players received payment for the tour were never proved.

Early World Cups

New Zealand hosted and won the inaugural World Cup in 1987 beating France 29–9 in the final at Eden Park, Auckland. New Zealand conceded only 52 points and scored 43 tries in six games en route to the title, beating Italy, Fiji, Argentina, Scotland, Wales and France.

By the 1991 World Cup New Zealand were an ageing side, co-coached by Alex Wyllie and John Hart. After beating hosts England in the tournament opener, they struggled during pool matches against the United States and Italy, and won their quarter-final against Canada. They were then knocked out by eventual winners Australia 16–6 in their semi-final at Lansdowne Road. In the wake of the tournament, there were many retirements, including coach Wyllie, who had enjoyed an 86% win rate during 29 tests in charge.

Laurie Mains replaced Wyllie in 1992, and was given the job of preparing the side for the 1995 event in South Africa. New Zealand were again one of the favourites to take the championship. Their status as favourites was enhanced when a young Jonah Lomu scored four tries against England in the 45–29 semi-final win. They managed to take hosts South Africa to extra time in the final, before losing 15-12 to Joel Stransky's drop goal.

Professionalism

New Zealand playing England at Twickenham in 2006

The professional era in rugby union began in 1995, spurred by creation of the SANZAR group (a combination of South Africa, New Zealand and Australia) which was formed with the purpose of selling broadcast rights for two new competitions, the domestic Super 12 competition and the Tri-Nations. The first Tri-Nations was contested in 1996, with New Zealand winning all four of their tests to take the trophy. After a 1996 Tri-Nations match hosted by South Africa, won 29–18 by New Zealand, preceded a separate three-match test series between the two sides. Under new coach John Hart and the captaincy of Sean Fitzpatrick, New Zealand won a test series in South Africa for the first time. Fitzpatrick rated the series win higher than the 1987 World Cup victory in which he had participated.

The next three seasons saw mixed results for New Zealand, who won all their Tri-Nations tests in 1997 before losing the title for the first time in 1998. In 1998 New Zealand lost all five tests in the Tri-Nations and Bledisloe Cup series (two to South Africa and three to Australia), the first time they had lost four tests in succession since 1949. The following year they suffered their worst test loss, 28–7 to Australia in Sydney. At the 1999 World Cup later that year, the All Blacks dominated their pool, handing England a 30–16 defeat at Twickenham. They advanced past Scotland 30–18 in the quarter-finals to play France at Twickenham. After New Zealand finished the first half 17–10 ahead, France then produced a famous half of rugby to which New Zealand had no answer, winning 43–31. Hart subsequently resigned as coach and was replaced by co-coaches Wayne Smith and Tony Gilbert.

Under Smith and Gilbert, New Zealand came second in the 2000 and 2001 Tri-Nations, and in neither season did the side reclaim the Bledisloe Cup – which had been lost in 1998. Both coaches were replaced by John Mitchell on 3 October 2001, and he went on to coach New Zealand to victory in both the 2002 and 2003 Tri-Nations, as well as regaining the Bledisloe Cup in 2003. The All Blacks entered the 2003 World Cup as one of the favourites and dominated their pool, running up wins against Italy, Canada and Tonga, before winning one of the most competitive matches of the tournament against Wales. They defeated South Africa in their quarter-final, a team they had never beaten at the World Cup, 29–9, but lost to Australia 22–10 in the semi-final in Sydney. Afterwards, Mitchell had to reapply as coach, but the NZRU instead appointed Graham Henry.

Henry era

Henry's tenure began with a double victory over 2003 Rugby World Cup winners England in 2004. The two games had an aggregate score of 72–15, and England were kept try-less. Despite the winning start to Henry's tenure, the Tri-Nations was a mixed success with two wins and two losses. The competition was the closest ever, bonus points decided the outcome, and New Zealand finishing last. The 2004 season finished with three wins in Europe, including a record 45–6 victory over France.

In 2005 New Zealand whitewashed the touring British and Irish Lions during their three-match test series, won the Tri-Nations, and achieved a second Grand Slam over the Home Nations for the first time since 1978. They went on to sweep the major IRB (now World Rugby) awards in which they were named: Team of the Year, Henry was named Coach of the Year, and first five-eighth Dan Carter was Player of the Year. New Zealand were nominated for the Laureus World Sports Award for Team of the Year in 2006 for their 2005 performance. The following year they again took the Tri-Nations Series after winning their first five matches, three against Australia and two against South Africa. They lost their final match of the series against South Africa. They completed their end of year tour unbeaten, with record away wins over France, England and Wales. New Zealand were named 2006 IRB Team of the Year and were nominated for the Laureus World Sports Award for the second time, while flanker Richie McCaw was named IRB Player of the Year for the first time.

The 2007 season started off with two mid-year tests against France. New Zealand won the tests 42–11 at Eden Park and 61–10 at Westpac Stadium. A third game, against Canada, resulted in a 64–13 win, although the game was more competitive than the scoreline indicated. New Zealand's first Tri-Nations game of 2007 was against the Springboks in Durban, South Africa. New Zealand scored two tries in the final ten minutes of the game to win 26–21. The following week against the Wallabies at the Melbourne Cricket Ground the Wallabies upset New Zealand to win 20–15, New Zealand's first loss to Australia since 2004. The All Blacks won their following home games to successfully defend the Tri-Nations Series for 2007. New Zealand entered the 2007 Rugby World Cup as favourites, and topped their pool, beating Scotland, Italy, Romania and Portugal by at least 40 points. However, they then suffered a defeat by hosts France in the quarter-finals in Cardiff. Following the loss to France coach Graham Henry's job was reappointed amid vocal debate and comment, despite then Crusaders coach Robbie Deans being a strong contender.

New Zealand playing Tonga in the 2011 Rugby World Cup

The 2008 season started with three mid-year tests, the first against Ireland at Westpac Stadium, Wellington. The final two games were against England, the first at Eden Park and the second at AMI Stadium in Christchurch. New Zealand played their first Tri-Nations game against South Africa at Westpac Stadium in Wellington winning 19–8 but a week later at Carisbrook in Dunedin they lost to South Africa 28–30, ending a 30-match winning streak at home, their previous loss in New Zealand being against England in 2003. New Zealand played their next Tri-Nations match on 26 July against Australia at Stadium Australia in Sydney, losing 34–19 but a week later against Australia at Eden Park in New Zealand won 39–10. The greatest victory for New Zealand in the 2008 season was beating South Africa 19–0 in Cape Town at Newlands Stadium. New Zealand played their final match on 13 September against Australia at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane winning 28–24 and retaining the Bledisloe Cup and the Tri-Nations.

The All Blacks opened the 2009 season with a 22–27 loss to France at Carisbrook, but defeated them 14–10 in Wellington a week later. On points difference, France won the Dave Gallaher Cup for the first time. A week later the All Blacks defeated Italy 27–6 in Christchurch. They finished second in the Tri-Nations Series, behind South Africa who lost only one game, and ended the series with a 33–6 win over Australia in Wellington.

In 2010 the All Blacks won the Tri-Nations series for the tenth time after three successive victories against South Africa, also retaining the Bledisloe Cup after consecutive victories against Australia. During 2010 New Zealand were undefeated for 15 test matches. Despite losing the 2011 Tri-Nations after a loss to Australia in Brisbane, but still entered the 2011 Rugby World Cup as one of the favourites. The All Blacks went through their pool matches undefeated, and after defeating Argentina, and then Australia, faced France in the final. The final was played at Eden Park, and New Zealand scored one try and a penalty to narrowly win 8–7. Henry stepped down as coach following the World Cup, and was replaced as head coach by his assistant Steve Hansen.

Hansen era

The Tri-Nations was expanded to include Argentina in 2012, and subsequently renamed The Rugby Championship. The All Blacks went undefeated in the inaugural tournament, and went through the year unbeaten until their last match of the year, where they lost to England at Twickenham. In 2013 New Zealand hosted France in a three-match series – their first meeting since the 2011 World Cup final. They won all three tests, before going unbeaten in the 2013 Rugby Championship. In November 2013, New Zealand became the first rugby nation in the professional era to achieve a 100% record in a calendar year.

The team entered the 2015 Rugby World Cup and again went undefeated in their pool matches. They defeated France in the Quarter-Final, South Africa in the Semi-Final and Australia in the Final to become the first nation to retain their World Champion title and the first to win the Rugby World Cup three times.

Jersey

All Blacks jerseys

The 1905 Jersey

The Adidas Jersey worn between July 1999 and August 2011

The current New Zealand jersey is entirely black (currently referred to as the 'blackest' jersey ever created) except the Adidas logo, the NZRU silver fern on the front and the AIG logo in the lower center (all of which are darkened from previously). The 1884 New Zealand tour to Australia was the first overseas New Zealand rugby tour, and featured clothing very different from today's jersey. Back then, the team donned a dark blue jersey, with gold fern on the left of the jumper. In 1893 the NZRU stipulated at its annual general meeting that the uniform would be black jersey with a silver fern and white knickerbockers. However historic photographs suggest white shorts may have been used instead during these early years. Sometime between 1897 and 1901 there was a change; by 1901 the team met NSW in a black jersey, a canvas top with no collar, and a silver fern.

In 2006, New Zealand wore an embroidered remembrance poppy on their jersey sleeve when playing France during the end-of-year tour. The poppy honours the soldiers who died in the battlefields of Europe. Captain Richie McCaw said "We want to honour the overseas service of New Zealanders. It is an important part of our history as a country and a team."

During the 2011 Rugby World Cup the All Blacks had an embroidered William Webb Ellis cup on the sleeve of their jerseys with the year '1987' underneath. This was to signify which year the team had won the tournament. Each of the four teams who had won the competition had the same detailing on their jerseys.

Adidas is paying the NZRFU $200 million over nine years, expecting New Zealand to win around 75% of their matches. Nike also looked at sponsoring New Zealand in 1996, but went with Tiger Woods instead.

The change kit has traditionally been white with black shorts. After a few years playing with a change kit of grey shirt and black shorts, the NZRU announced a return to the traditional white jersey and black shorts in May 2009. For the 30 July 2011 Springboks match in Wellington, the All Black jersey introduced a white collar in homage to that sported by the 1987 World Cup-winning team.

In 2012, the NZRU took the controversial step of allowing American insurance and financial services company, AIG, to promote themselves on the centre-front of the All Black jersey. In return, the NZRU would receive direct financial sponsorship that was not revealed; the deal was estimated to be worth approximately $80 million over five years.

Adidas have been the All Black's kit suppliers since 1999, taking over from Canterbury.

Haka

Main article: Haka (sports)

New Zealand perform Ka Mate before a match against France in November 2006

The All Blacks perform a haka (Māori challenge) before each international match. The haka has been closely associated with New Zealand rugby ever since a tour of Australia and the United Kingdom by the 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team, though the New Zealand team that toured New South Wales in 1884 may also have performed a haka. The New Zealand native team that toured Britain in 1888 and 1889 used Ake Ake Kia Kaha, and the 1903 team in Australia used a mocking haka, Tupoto koe, Kangaru!. The 1905 All Blacks began the tradition of using Ka Mate – a haka composed in the 19th century by Ngāti Toa leader Te Rauparaha. The 1924 All Blacks used a specially composed haka Ko Niu Tireni, but later All Blacks reverted to Ka Mate.

In August 2005, before the Tri-Nations test match between New Zealand and South Africa at Carisbrook stadium in Dunedin, New Zealand performed a new haka, Kapa o Pango, specially composed by Derek Lardelli and intended to reflect the Polynesian-influenced multicultural make-up of contemporary New Zealand. Kapa o Pango was to be performed on special occasions and was not intended to replace Ka Mate. Kapa o Pango concludes with what has been interpreted as a "throat slitting" gesture that led to accusations that Kapa o Pango encourages violence, and sends the wrong message to All Blacks fans. However, according to Lardelli, the gesture represents "drawing vital energy into the heart and lungs".

In November 2006, at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, New Zealand performed the haka in the dressing room prior to the match – instead of on the field immediately before kick-off – after a disagreement with the Welsh Rugby Union, which had wanted Wales to sing their national anthem after the haka. In 2008, New Zealand played Munster at Thomond Park. Before the match, Munster's four New Zealanders challenged their opponents by performing a haka before the All Blacks started theirs. On the same tour, Wales responded by silently refusing to move after New Zealand's haka, and the two teams simply stared at each other until the referee forced them to start the game.

Record

Overall

World Rugby Rankings
Top 30 rankings as of 30 May 2016
Rank	Change*	Team	Points
1		New Zealand	96.10
2		Australia	89.33
3		South Africa	87.66
4		England	84.60
5	1	Argentina	82.59
6	1	Wales	82.49
7		Ireland	80.33
8		France	78.36
9		Scotland	78.32
10		Japan	77.05
11		Fiji	76.96
12		Georgia	72.62
13		Tonga	71.60
14		Italy	70.78
15		Samoa	70.36
16		Romania	67.52
17		United States	65.68
18		Canada	64.27
19		Russia	63.56
20		Uruguay	63.23
21		Namibia	61.75
22		Spain	60.87
23		Hong Kong	58.43
24		Belgium	57.94
25		Germany	57.71
26		Ukraine	56.95
27		Kenya	55.89
28		Chile	55.89
29		South Korea	55.45
30		Portugal	54.29
*Change from the previous week
New Zealand's Historical Rankings
Source: World Rugby - Graph updated to 1 November 2015

See also: List of All Blacks tours and series

New Zealand have only ever been beaten by five test nations, and they are the only international team to have a winning record against every nation they have played. They have won 413 of their 538 test matches – 76.77% (see table), and have lost at home only 37 times. Since World Rankings were introduced by World Rugby in October 2003, New Zealand have occupied the number one ranking the majority of the time. In the decade from 2000 to 2009, New Zealand won 100 tests (82% winning percentage). As of the 2015 Rugby Championship, the All Blacks have won a record 38 consecutive tests at home. The All Blacks had an unbeaten streak of 22 tests from June 2013 to September 2014.

New Zealand's longest winning streak is 17 test victories, achieved between 1965 and 1970 and again between 2013 and 2014; the second winning streak included every test played in 2013. Their longest unbeaten streak is 23 tests (from 1987 to 1990) with one game being drawn.

Their all-time points record for tests stands at 14,362 points for and 6,984 against (updated 31 October 2015). Many national teams' heaviest defeat occurred against New Zealand – the national teams of France, Ireland, Argentina, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Japan, and Portugal have all suffered their greatest defeats at the hands of New Zealand. The All Blacks' largest test win was 145–17 against Japan in 1995, while their heaviest loss was a 28–7 loss to Australia in 1999.

Below is summary of New Zealand test results, updated 24 October 2015:

World Rugby Rankings

Opponent	Played	Won	Lost	Drawn	Win %	For	Aga	Diff
Argentina	22	21	0	1	95.45%	881	294	+587
Australia	155	106	42	7	68.39%	3160	2160	+1000
British and Irish Lions	38	29	6	3	76.32%	634	345	+289
Canada	5	5	0	0	100.00%	313	54	+259
England	40	32	7	1	80.00%	969	560	+409
Fiji	5	5	0	0	100.00%	364	50	+314
France	56	43	12	1	76.79%	1407	726	+681
Georgia	1	1	0	0	100.00%	43	10	+33
Ireland	28	27	0	1	96.43%	812	310	+502
Italy	12	12	0	0	100.00%	686	118	+568
Japan	3	3	0	0	100.00%	282	30	+252
Namibia	1	1	0	0	100.00%	58	14	+44
Pacific Islanders	1	1	0	0	100.00%	41	26	+15
Portugal	1	1	0	0	100.00%	108	13	+95
Romania	2	2	0	0	100.00%	99	14	+85
Samoa	6	6	0	0	100.00%	333	72	+261
Scotland	30	28	0	2	93.33%	900	332	+568
South Africa	91	53	35	3	58.24%	1765	1430	+335
Tonga	5	5	0	0	100.00%	326	35	+291
United States	3	3	0	0	100.00%	171	15	+156
Wales	30	27	3	0	90.00%	916	307	+609
World XV	3	2	1	0	66.67%	94	69	+25
Total	538	413	106	19	76.77%	14362	6984	+7378

World Cup

Main article: New Zealand at the Rugby World Cup

Year	Round	Position	Played	Won	Drew	Lost	Pts For	Against
1987 (16)	Champions	1st	6	6	0	0	298	52
1991 (16)	Third place	3rd	6	5	0	1	142	74
1995 (16)	Runners-up	2nd	6	5	0	1	327	119
1999 (20)	Fourth place	4th	6	4	0	2	255	111
2003 (20)	Third place	3rd	7	6	0	1	361	101
2007 (20)	Quarter-finals	5th	5	4	0	1	327	55
2011 (20)	Champions	1st	7	7	0	0	301	72
2015 (20)	Champions	1st	7	7	0	0	290	97
2019 (20)
Total	–	–	50	44	–	6	2.301	681

New Zealand have won the World Cup three times – (the only team to have done so) the 1987 inaugural competition held in New Zealand and Australia, the 2011 tournament also hosted in New Zealand – again defeating France and most recently, defeating Australia in England in 2015 (making them the first and only team to win back to back World Cups). In 1991, they lost their semi-final to Australia before winning the playoff for third. In 1995, they reached the final, before losing in extra time to hosts South Africa. They finished in fourth place in 1999, after losing their semi-final and then the third-place playoff game. In 2003, New Zealand were knocked out by hosts Australia in their semi-final, before finishing third. The 2007 World Cup saw their worst tournament, being knocked out in the quarterfinals by the host nation France; until this they were the only team to have reached the semifinals of every tournament. As a result of the poor performance in the 2007 World Cup the NZRU commissioned a 47-page report to detail the causes of the failure. The All Blacks have never lost a World Cup pool match, and have finished top of their pool in all seven tournaments.

New Zealand holds several World Cup records: most World Cup Matches (48), most points in one match (145 versus Japan in 1995), most cumulative points over all World Cups (2,248), most tries overall (306), most conversions (222) and also the record for the most points scored in the first half of a knockout game at the Rugby World Cup (29) (against France 2015) along with the largest knockout margin (49) in the same match. Several individual players also hold World Cup records; Jonah Lomu for most World Cup tries (15 over two World Cups)(Currently tied with South Africa's Bryan Habana), Marc Ellis with most tries in a match (6 versus Japan in 1995), Grant Fox with most points in one tournament (126 in 1987), and Simon Culhane with most points in a single game (45 versus Japan in 1995).

Tri Nations and The Rugby Championship

New Zealand's only annual tournament is a competition involving the Southern Hemisphere's top national teams. From 1996 through 2011, they competed in the Tri Nations against Australia and South Africa. In 2012, Argentina joined the competition which was renamed The Rugby Championship. New Zealand's record of eleven tournament wins (the most recent in 2014) and 50 match wins is well ahead of the other teams' records. The Bledisloe Cup is also contested between New Zealand and Australia, and the Freedom Cup between New Zealand and South Africa, as part of the Tri Nations and The Rugby Championship.

Tri Nations (1996 – 2011)
Nation	Games				Points			Bonus points	Table points	Championships
	played	won	drawn	lost	for	against	diff
New Zealand	72	50	0	22	1936	1395	+541	32	232	10
Australia	72	29	1	42	1531	1721	−190	34	152	3
South Africa	72	28	1	43	1480	1831	−351	24	138	3

Rugby Championship (2012 – )
Nation	Games				Points			Bonus points	Table points	Championships
	played	won	drawn	lost	for	against	diff
New Zealand	21	18	1	2	628	337	+291	11	85	3
Australia	21	10	1	10	434	515	−81	3	45	1
South Africa	21	10	1	10	522	424	+98	10	52	0
Argentina	21	2	1	18	337	645	−308	8	18	0

Updated: 8 August 2015
Source: espnscrum.com

Players

Current squad

New Zealand's 31-man squad for the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

On 11 October Tony Woodcock was replaced by Joe Moody because of a hamstring injury.

All squad members play rugby in New Zealand.

Note: Caps correct 31 October 2015

Player Position Date of Birth (Age) Caps Franchise / province Dane Coles Hooker (1986-12-10) 10 December 1986 36 Hurricanes / Wellington Keven Mealamu Hooker (1979-03-20) 20 March 1979 132 Blues / Auckland Codie Taylor Hooker (1991-03-31) 31 March 1991 4 Crusaders / Canterbury Wyatt Crockett Prop (1983-01-24) 24 January 1983 45 Crusaders / Canterbury Charlie Faumuina Prop (1986-12-24) 24 December 1986 33 Blues / Auckland Ben Franks Prop (1984-03-27) 27 March 1984 47 Hurricanes / Hawke's Bay Owen Franks Prop (1987-12-23) 23 December 1987 78 Crusaders / Canterbury Joe Moody Prop (1988-09-18) 18 September 1988 11 Crusaders / Canterbury Brodie Retallick Lock (1991-05-31) 31 May 1991 47 Chiefs / Bay of Plenty Luke Romano Lock (1986-02-16) 16 February 1986 22 Crusaders / Canterbury Sam Whitelock Lock (1988-10-12) 12 October 1988 73 Crusaders / Canterbury Sam Cane Flanker (1992-01-13) 13 January 1992 31 Chiefs / Bay of Plenty Jerome Kaino Flanker (1983-04-06) 6 April 1983 67 Blues / Auckland Richie McCaw (c) Flanker (1980-12-31) 31 December 1980 148 Crusaders / Canterbury Liam Messam Flanker (1984-03-25) 25 March 1984 43 Chiefs / Waikato Kieran Read Number 8 (1985-10-26) 26 October 1985 84 Crusaders / Canterbury Victor Vito Number 8 (1987-03-27) 27 March 1987 33 Hurricanes / Wellington Tawera Kerr-Barlow Half-back (1990-08-15) 15 August 1990 20 Chiefs / Waikato TJ Perenara Half-back (1992-01-23) 23 January 1992 17 Hurricanes / Wellington Aaron Smith Half-back (1988-11-21) 21 November 1988 47 Highlanders / Manawatu Beauden Barrett First five-eighth (1991-05-27) 27 May 1991 36 Hurricanes / Taranaki Dan Carter First five-eighth (1982-03-05) 5 March 1982 112 Racing 92 / Canterbury Colin Slade First five-eighth (1987-10-10) 10 October 1987 21 Crusaders / Canterbury Malakai Fekitoa Centre (1992-05-10) 10 May 1992 13 Highlanders / Auckland Ma'a Nonu Centre (1982-05-21) 21 May 1982 103 Toulon / Wellington Conrad Smith Centre (1981-10-12) 12 October 1981 94 Pau / Wellington Sonny Bill Williams Centre (1985-08-03) 3 August 1985 33 Chiefs / Counties Manukau Nehe Milner-Skudder Wing (1990-12-15) 15 December 1990 8 Hurricanes / Manawatu Waisake Naholo Wing (1991-05-08) 8 May 1991 3 Highlanders / Taranaki Julian Savea Wing (1990-08-07) 7 August 1990 41 Hurricanes / Wellington Ben Smith Fullback (1986-06-01) 1 June 1986 48 Highlanders / Otago

Notable players

Captain of the "Original All Blacks" that toured Britain and Ireland in 1905, Dave Gallaher is an inductee into the International Rugby Hall of Fame and World Rugby Hall of Fame

Main article: List of New Zealand national rugby union players

Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame; Sir Fred Allen, Don Clarke, Sean Fitzpatrick, Grant Fox, Dave Gallaher, Michael Jones, Ian Kirkpatrick, Sir John Kirwan, Sir Brian Lochore, Jonah Lomu, Sir Colin Meads, Graham Mourie, George Nepia and Sir Wilson Whineray.

Four former All Blacks have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame. David Kirk, Lomu and Whineray were inducted primarily as players, whilst Lochore was inducted primarily as a coach.

Dave Gallaher played in New Zealand's first ever test match in 1903 and also captained the 1905 Originals. Along with Billy Stead, Gallaher authored the famous rugby book The Complete Rugby Footballer. At the age of only 19, George Nepia played in all 30 matches on the Invincibles tour of 1924–25. Nepia played 37 All Blacks games; his last was against the British Isles in 1930.

Sir Fred Allen captained all of his 21 matches for New Zealand, including six tests, between 1946 and 1949. He eventually moved onto coaching New Zealand between 1966 and 1968. New Zealand won all 14 of their test matches with Allen as coach.

Five hall of Fame inductees, including the first New Zealander named to the World Rugby Hall of Fame, played during the 1960s. Don Clarke was an All Black between 1956 and 1964 and during this period he broke the record at the time for All Black test points. Clarke famously scored six penalties in one match – a record at the time – to give New Zealand an 18–17 victory over the British Isles at Dunedin in 1959. Sir Wilson Whineray played 32 tests, captaining New Zealand in 30 of them. He played prop and also number 8 between 1957 and 1965. New Zealand lost only four of their 30 tests with Whineray as captain. On 21 October 2007, Whineray became the first New Zealander to earn induction to the World Rugby Hall of Fame. In Sir Colin Meads' New Zealand Rugby Museum profile, he is described as "New Zealand's equivalent of Australia's Sir Donald Bradman or the United States of America's Babe Ruth." Meads, nicknamed Pinetree, played 133 games for New Zealand, including 55 tests. In 1999 the New Zealand Rugby Monthly magazine named Meads the New Zealand player of the century. Ian Kirkpatrick played 39 tests, including 9 as captain, between 1967 and 1977. He scored 16 tries in his test career, a record at the time.

The only All Blacks Hall of Famer to debut in the 1970s was flanker Graham Mourie. He captained 19 of his 21 tests and 57 of his 61 overall All Blacks matches between 1976 and 1982. Most notably, in 1978 he was captain of the first All Blacks side to complete a Grand Slam over the four Home Nations sides.

The 1987 World Cup champions were coached by Sir Brian Lochore who had represented New Zealand in 25 tests between 1964 and 1971, including 17 as captain. Lochore was knighted in 1999 for his lifetime services to rugby, and was also inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame on 24 October 2011 at a ceremony in Auckland alongside all other World Cup-winning coaches through the 2007 tournament. Four of the 1987 World Cup squad that he had coached are also inductees in the International Hall of Fame, and one in the World Rugby Hall. Sir John Kirwan played a total of 63 tests between 1984 and 1994, scoring 35 tries, an All Blacks record at the time. In the 1987 World Cup opener against Italy, Kirwan raced 90 meters to score one of the tries of the tournament. An All Black from 1984 to 1993, Grant Fox was one of New Zealand's greatest point-scorers with 1067 points, including 645 test points. Fox played 46 tests, including the 1987 World Cup final against France. Known as The Iceman, Michael Jones was one of the greatest open side flankers of all time. Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Jones first played international rugby for Samoa, then for New Zealand, playing 55 tests between 1987 and 1998. Due to his Christian faith, Jones never played rugby on Sundays, resulting in him not playing in the 1991 World Cup semi-final against Australia, and also in him not being picked for the 1995 World Cup squad. The team's captain, David Kirk, was inducted into the World Rugby Hall alongside Lochore; all other World Cup-winning captains through 2007 (minus the already-inducted Australian John Eales) were also enshrined at this ceremony.

For many years the most capped test All Black was Sean Fitzpatrick, with 92 appearances. He played in the 1987 World Cup after incumbent Andy Dalton was injured, and was appointed All Blacks captain in 1992, continuing in the role until his retirement in 1997. He played 346 first class rugby matches.

Jonah Lomu is generally regarded as the first true global superstar of rugby union. He was the youngest player ever to appear in a test as an All Black, making his debut at age 19 years, 45 days in 1994. Lomu, a wing, had unique physical gifts; even though he stood 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) and weighed 119 kg (262 lb), making him both the tallest and heaviest back ever to play for New Zealand, he could run 100 metres in under 11 seconds. He burst on the international scene in the 1995 Rugby World Cup, scoring seven tries in the competition. Four of those tries came in New Zealand' semifinal win over England, including an iconic try in which he bulldozed England's Mike Catt on his way to the try line. He would add eight more tries in the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Perhaps most remarkably, Lomu played virtually his entire top-level career in the shadow of a serious kidney disorder which ended his test career in 2002 and ultimately led to a transplant in 2004. Even with his career hampered and eventually shortened by his health issues, he scored 37 tries in 63 tests. Lomu was inducted into the World Rugby Hall in October 2011, and was specifically recognised as one of four new inductees "who had left an indelible mark on Rugby World Cup for their moments of magic, inspiration or feats".

Individual all-time records

Richie McCaw is the most capped rugby player of all time, and was the first New Zealander to play 100 test matches

Main article: List of New Zealand national rugby union team player records

The record for most test points for not only New Zealand, but any nation, is held by Dan Carter with 1,598 from 112 tests. He surpassed Andrew Mehrtens' All Black record total of 967 points from 70 tests in the All Blacks' win over England on 21 November 2009. On 27 November 2010 Dan Carter scored a penalty against Wales to pass Jonny Wilkinson's previous world record of 1,178 points. Carter also holds the record for points against Australia with 366.

The All Blacks' record test try scorer is Doug Howlett with 49 tries, who overtook Christian Cullen's 46 during the 2007 World Cup. The world record for tries in a calendar year is held by Joe Rokocoko, with 17 tries in 2003; he also became the first All Black to score ten tries in his first five tests, as well as the first All Black to score at least two tries in each of four consecutive tests. In test matches, the most capped All Black is Richie McCaw with 148 caps. The record for most tests as captain is held by Richie McCaw with 110. The youngest All Black in a test match was Jonah Lomu, capped at age 19 years, 45 days, whilst the oldest test player was Ned Hughes at 40 years, 123 days.

Coaches

The current head coach of the All Blacks is Steve Hansen, who has held the position since 2012. He is assisted by Ian Foster and Mike Cron. Due to the definition and role of All Blacks coach varying so much prior to the 1949 All Blacks tour of South Africa, the following table only includes coaches appointed since.

Name	Years	tests	Won	Drew	Lost	Win percentage
Alex McDonald	1949	4	0	0	4	0%
Tom Morrison	1950, 55–56	12	8	1	3	70.8%
Len Clode	1951	3	3	0	0	100%
Arthur Marslin	1953–54	5	3	0	2	60%
Dick Everest	1957	2	2	0	0	100%
Jack Sullivan	1958–60	11	6	1	4	59.1%
Neil McPhail	1961–65	20	16	2	2	85%
Ron Bush	1962	2	2	0	0	100%
Sir Fred Allen	1966–68	14	14	0	0	100%
Ivan Vodanovich	1969–71	10	4	1	5	45%
Bob Duff	1972–73	8	6	1	1	81.3%
John Stewart	1974–76	11	6	1	4	59.1%
Jack Gleeson	1977–78	13	10	0	3	76.9%
Eric Watson	1979–80	9	5	0	4	55.6%
Peter Burke	1981–82	11	9	0	2	81.8%
Bryce Rope	1983–84	12	9	1	2	79.2%
Sir Brian Lochore	1985–87	18	14	1	3	80.6%
Alex Wyllie	1988–91	29	25	1	3	87.9%
Laurie Mains	1992–95	34	23	1	10	69.1%
John Hart	1996–99	41	31	1	9	76.8%
Wayne Smith	2000–01	17	12	0	5	70.6%
John Mitchell	2002–03	28	23	1	4	83.9%
Sir Graham Henry	2004–11	103	88	0	15	85.4%
Steve Hansen	2012–	54	49	2	3	90.7%

Home grounds

Eden Park

North Harbour Stadium

Waikato Stadium

Westpac Stadium

Forsyth Barr Stadium

AMI Stadium

Yarrow Stadium

McLean Park

Map showing locations of current home grounds in New Zealand

Like the other major rugby nations Argentina, Australia, France and South Africa, New Zealand does not have an official stadium for its national team. Instead, the All Blacks play their test matches at a variety of venues throughout New Zealand.

Prior to the construction of Westpac Stadium in 1999, Wellington's test venue was Athletic Park. Athletic Park was the venue for the first All Blacks test match in New Zealand against Great Britain in 1904. The first home test match played outside the main centres of Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin or Wellington was in 1996 at McLean Park in Napier. Both the 1987 and 2011 Rugby World Cup finals were played at Eden Park.

Eden Park and AMI Stadium were upgraded in preparation for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In 2006, the Government of New Zealand proposed the construction of a waterfront National Stadium in Auckland as an alternative to Eden Park's upgrade; this proposal was rejected by the Auckland Regional Council. By that time, the NZRU no longer considered Carisbrook a suitable test venue, and a covered sports stadium was proposed as a replacement. Dunedin City Council approved the new stadium in March 2008, land acquisition proceeded from August to October of that year, and the new venue opened in August 2011, in time for the World Cup.

AMI Stadium was significantly damaged during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, with cracks in some stands and the playing surface badly damaged by liquefaction as well as damage to infrastructure and streets surrounding the venue. As a result of the damage all scheduled 2011 World Cup games to be held in Christchurch were moved to other regions. Test rugby returned to Christchurch in 2012 at Rugby League Park. Although the stands at that venue were damaged severely enough that they had to be torn down, infrastructure damage was much less severe than at AMI Stadium, and the playing surface survived relatively intact. The stadium was rebuilt with a permanent capacity of 17,000, with temporary seating allowing for 9,000 more spectators.

Ground	First Test	First Test	Last Test	Tests Held	Win Percent	Last Loss
Athletic Park, Wellington, North Island	1904 v British Lions	1904	1999	42	69%	25 July 1998
Tahuna Park, Dunedin, South Island	1905 v Australia	1905	1905	1	100%	Never
Potter's Park, Auckland, North Island	1908 v British Lions	1905	1905	1	100%	Never
Carisbrook, Dunedin, South Island	1908 v British Lions	1908	2011 v Fiji	38	86%	13 June 2009
AMI Stadium, Christchurch, South Island Formerly Lancaster Park and Jade Stadium	1913 v Australia	1913	2010 v Australia	48	81%	1 August 1998
AMI Stadium, Christchurch, South Island Formerly Rugby League Park	2012 Ireland	2012	2015 Argentina	2	100%	Never
Eden Park, Auckland, North Island	1921 v South Africa	1921	2015 v Australia	72	83%	3 July 1994
Epsom Showgrounds, Auckland, North Island	1958 v Australia	1958	1958	1	100%	Never
Forsyth Barr Stadium, Dunedin, South Island	2012 v South Africa	2012	2014 v England	3	100%	Never
McLean Park, Napier, North Island	1996 v Western Samoa	1996	2014 v Argentina	2	100%	Never
North Harbour Stadium, North Shore City, North Island	1997 Fiji	1997	2005 v Fiji	6	100%	Never
Rugby Park, Hamilton, North Island	1997 v Argentina	1997	1997	1	100%	Never
Westpac Stadium, Wellington, North Island	2000 v Australia	2000	2014 v South Africa	16	88%	14 June 2003
Waikato Stadium, Hamilton, North Island	2002 v Italy	2002	2014 v England	11	89%	12 September 2009
Yarrow Stadium, New Plymouth, North Island	2008 v Samoa	2008	2013 v France	3	100%	Never
TOTAL				238	81.93%

See also

• 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team
• Junior All Blacks
• List of New Zealand rugby union Test matches
• Māori All Blacks
• New Zealand Heartland XV
• New Zealand national team nomenclature based on the "All Blacks"

External links

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• New Zealand All Blacks official website
• New Zealand Rugby Union official site

Awards
Preceded by Richard Hadlee	Halberg awards – Supreme Award 1987 2011	Succeeded by Mark Todd
Preceded by All Whites		Succeeded by Hamish Bond & Eric Murray
New award	Halberg Awards – New Zealand Team of the Year 1987 1996 1997 2006 2011 2013	Succeeded by Paul MacDonald & Ian Ferguson
Preceded by Team New Zealand		Succeeded by All Blacks
Preceded by All Blacks		Succeeded by Equestrian Eventing Team
Preceded by Nathan Twaddle & George Bridgewater		Succeeded by Men's Coxless Four
Preceded by All Whites		Succeeded by Hamish Bond & Eric Murray
Preceded by Hamish Bond & Eric Murray