Mirza

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Mirza (/ˈmɜːrzə/ or /mɪəˈzɑː/)[1][lower-alpha 1] is a historical title of Persian origin, denoting the rank of a high nobleman or Prince. It is usually defined in English as a royal or imperial Prince of the Blood.

Today, Mirza is used as a name to identify patriarchal lineage to royal aristocracies of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian Subcontinent. Historically, it was used as a title by and signified patriarchal lineage to the imperial families of the Turkish Empire, Persia, Circassia, Shirvan, Mughals (aka Moguls) and Muslim Rajputs.[2] It was also the title borne by members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.

Under Catherine the Great, empress of Russia, the Mirzas gained equal rights with the Russian nobility due to their extreme wealth. In return, the Mirzas financed her Russo-Turkish war against the Ottoman Empire.[3] Abdul Mirza was given the title Prince Yusupov, and his descendant Prince Felix Yusupov married a niece of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Etymology

The word Mīrzā is derived from the Persian term ‘Amīrzāde which literally means "child of the ‘Amīr" or "child of the ruler" in Persian.[4] ‘Amīrzād in turn consists of the Arabic title ‘Amīr (engl. Emir), meaning "commander" and "Prince", and the Persian suffix -zād, meaning "birth" or "lineage". Due to vowel harmony in Turkic languages, the alternative pronunciation Morza (plural morzalar; derived from the Persian word) is also used. The word Mirza means Royalty in almost every old version of Persian, Arab, Caucasian, Turkish and Indian languages.

Variant spellings in English include miriza, mirize, mirze, morsey, mursay, murse, meirsa, mirzey, mursi, murze, murza, mirza, myrza, meerza.[5]

Persian Kingdom

Prince of Persia, Prince Abbas Mirza, 1821.[6][7]

The titles themselves were given by the Kings, Sultans and Emperors (equivalent to the western Fount of honour) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins. Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this Title, although their usage differed.

The title itself came from the title emir. Emir, meaning "commander" or "Prince", -derived from the Semitic root Amr, "command". Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people. It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and usually renders the English word "prince. Amir Sadri." The word entered English in 1595, from the French émir.[8]

Nobility of Circassia

The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of the Circassians. Idar of Kabardia, also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal - Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as the "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family.

Circassian nobility with the name Mirza include:

  • Temruk Mirza (ca. 1501 - 1571)
  • Kambulat Mirza (ca. 1510 - 1589)
  • Zhelegot Mirza (ca. 1520- ?)

Shirvanshahs

Three consecutive titular kings of Shirvan, of the Shirvanshah Dynasty (present-day Azerbaijan), adopted the title as well following the death of Gurban Ali.

Mughal Dynasty of India

Babur Mirza (born Mirza Zahiruddin), first emperor of Mughal Dynasty.[9]
Mirzas of the Mughal imperial family, c. 1878.[10]

In the Indian Subcontinent (modern day Pakistan, India, Bangladesh), the title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Turk dynasties like the Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur).[11] In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as Prince Mirza Mughal or Prince Kamran Mirza. Prince Khusrau Mirza was the grandson of Emperor Babur (Babur Mirza), son of Emperor Jahangir and a brother of Emperor Shah Jahan. Emperor Akbar Shah II was known as Prince Mirza Akbar before his coronation. Emperor Babur took the imperial title of Padishah on 6 March 1508, before which he used the title Mirza.[12]

Imperial Family of Hindustan (India)

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Further information: Mughal Emperors

Rajputs of North India

Rajputs

The title Mirza was also adopted by the Muslim Rajputs of Northern India.[13] The Rajputs were rulers of princely states comprising vast territories of Northern India, including the Punjab Region and Kashmir. The Rajput imperial families were descendants of ancient Indo-Aryan warrior classes and formed blood alliances with Mughal aristocracy. Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and significant factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced the Islamic faith.[14] Many Rajput rulers were granted the title Mirza on account of being high-ranked commanders in the Mughal military.[15] The meaning of Mirza (Persian origin) is a literal translation to the meaning of Rajput (Sanskrit Origin).

Jatts

The title Mirza also became common among the Muslim Jatts of North India and the Punjab. Much like the Rajputs, the Jatts were considered a martial race and warrior class of North India. Being farmers traditionally, the Jatts were known to patronize the imperialist military in large numbers. Similar to the Muslim Rajputs, large factions of the Jatt tribe embraced the Islamic faith.[16] The most noticeable use of the name Mirza by Muslim Jatts is in the story of Mirza Sahiba, a Punjabi epic based on the real life story of Mirza Khan.

Imperial Families of Central India and Bengal

Because the Bengali language has no phoneme /z/, Mirza has the local form Mridha (from Mirdhjah) in Bengal and Bihar.[17]

Royal Family of Bengal

Royal Family of Awadh

Royal Family of Berar

  • Mirza Azam 1707, seventh Mughal Emperor.
  • Prince Bedar Bakht Mirza, son of Emperor Mirza Azam
  • Prince Mohammed Beg Feroz Bakht Mirza, son of Prince Bedar Bakht Mirza
  • Prince BulaquiBeg Mirza, son of Prince Mirza Feroz Bakht
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur Aduli Mirza, son of Mirza Bulaqui Baig Bahaddur
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur AduliBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur UmraoBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHatamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHasanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur UmraoBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurMehboobBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HatamBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HasanBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurAlamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HasanBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurRoshanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MehboobBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurQaderBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MehboobBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHasanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurKhaliqueBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurWasiqueBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurSaquibalamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurAnzarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurFauwazBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Numan Baig Mirza, son of Dr. Hasan Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Afzal Baig Mirza, son of Khalique Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shahnawaz Baig Mirza, son of Khalique Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Muqadder Baig Mirza, son of Saquib Alam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shafaqat Baig Mirza, son of Qader Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Sharafat Baig Mirza, son of Shafaqat Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shabaz Baig Mirza, son of Shafaqat Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Sulaiman Mirza, son of Hatam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Razzak I son of Hatam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Rasheed son of Mirza Abdur Razzak
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Razzak II a.k.a. Mohammed Rizwan Mirza son of Mirza Abdul Rasheed
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Mohammad Gibran son of Mohammed Rizwan Mirza

Notable Mirzas

Academics and literature

Advocate

Arts

  • Aziz Mirza, Indian film director, producer and writer.
  • Dia Mirza, Indian actress and former "Miss Asia Pacific" titleholder.
  • Mastan Haider Mirza, Indian Mafia boss, mobster and filmmaker; popularly known as the first "celebrity gangster" of Bombay.
  • Haroon Mirza, Anglo-Pakistani artist born in London.
  • Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor and singer. Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR and People’s Artist of Azerbaijan.
  • Mirza Kadym Irevani, Azerbaijani artist.

Government

Military

Nobility

Religion

Sport

See also

Further reading

  • Life of a Mirza Chapter 7 (pg 225-227) The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture (2004) by Annemarie Schimmel ISBN 1-86189-185-7
  • Mirzah in The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable By Ebenezer Cobham Brewer: The quintessential guide to myth, folklore, legend, legend and literature. ISBN 1-84022-310-3
  • MI’RZA Chambers’s Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge For the People. ISBN 1-149-98693-X
  • A. Jaimoukha The Circassians: A Handbook Routledge, Palgrave, 2001, pp 157–60) ISBN 0-312-23994-7

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Persian: میرزا; Azeri: Mirzə; Tajik: Мирзо; Uzbek: Mirzo; Russian: мурза; Bashkir: mïrða; Circassian: мырзэ (common variance in Tatar nobility as Morza); Urdu: مرزا; Punjabi: مرزا

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Life in Samarkand Caucasus and Central Asia vis-à-vis Russia, the West, and Islam, Madina Tlostanova: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge (ISSN: 1540-5699)]
  4. ↑ mirza. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 2 October 2012
  5. ↑ OED: http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/119129?redirectedFrom=mirza#eid Accessed June 17, 2013
  6. ↑ "Abbas Mirza"
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ A photo from 'The People of India', published from 1868 to the early 1870s by WH Allen, for the India Office
  11. ↑ http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/hali/majalis/10glossary.html
  12. ↑ pg 24. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lord Lawrence and the Reconstruction of India Under The Crown by Sir Charles Aitcheson, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., Rulers of India series, Clarendon Press 1897,V p117
  15. ↑ 30. Ra´jah Ma´n Singh, son of Bhagwán Dás - Biography Ain-i-Akbari, Vol. I.
  16. ↑ Al Hind The Making of the Indo Islamic World Volume I by Andre Wink pages 154 to 160
  17. ↑ The Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque is named for a man known in Mughal records as Khan Muhammad Mirza; see https://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=4450 Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur "Sarai Mulk Khanam Qutubuddunniya wa Deen Amir Qutubuddin Taimur Baig Sahib-e-kiran").
Sources

be-x-old:Мірза ca:Mirzà de:Mirza lt:Mirza nn:Mirza pl:Mirza tt:Morza tr:Mirza zh:穆尔扎

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