Massaman curry

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Massaman curry
Kaeng matsaman kai.JPG
Chicken massaman
Origin
Place of origin Thailand
Details
Type Curry
Main ingredient(s) Meat (beef, duck, tofu, chicken), coconut milk, onion, peanuts or cashews, potatoes, bay leaves, cardamom pods, cinnamon, star anise, palm sugar, fish sauce, chili and tamarind sauce

Massaman curry (Thai: แกงมัสมั่น, rtgs: kaeng matsaman, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ mát.sā.màn]) is a rich, relatively mild Thai curry that is an interpretation of a Persian dish.[1]

Description

Matsaman nuea (beef massaman) with potato, star anise, cinnamon and clove.

Massaman or matsaman is not a native Thai word. It is generally thought to refer to the Muslims with earlier writers from the mid-19th century calling the dish "Mussulman curry"; Mussulman being an archaic form of the word Muslim.[2][3]

According to Thai food expert David Thompson, as well as Thai journalist and scholar Santi Sawetwimon, the dish originated in 17th century Central Thailand at the cosmopolitan court of Ayutthaya, through the Persian merchant Sheik Ahmad Qomi from whom the Thai noble family of Bunnag descends.[4] Other theories contend that massaman is a southern Thai dish, influenced by Malay and Indian cuisine,[5] or that its name is derived from the Malay word masam, which means "sour".[citation needed]

The curry is extolled in a poem from the end of the 18th century, attributed to Prince Itsarasunthon of Siam, the later King Rama II (1767-1824). It is dedicated to a lady who is believed to be Princess Bunrot, the later Queen Sri Suriyendra, wife of King Rama II. The second stanza of the poem reads:[6][7]

มัสมั่นแกงแก้วตา หอมยี่หร่ารสร้อนแรง - Massaman, a curry made by my beloved, is fragrant of cumin and strong spices.

ชายใดได้กลืนแกง แรงอยากให้ใฝ่ฝันหา - Any man who has swallowed the curry is bound to long for her.

Due to its Muslim roots and therefore Islamic dietary laws, this curry is most commonly made with chicken, but there are also variations on this dish using duck, beef, mutton, goat, or, less commonly so, pork.[8][9] As pork is haram meat - forbidden food in Islam - this last variant is of course not eaten by observant Thai Muslims. Vegetarians and vegans have created their own versions of this dish.

The city of Ayutthaya, mid-17th century.

The flavors of the massaman curry paste (nam phrik kaeng matsaman) come from spices that are not frequently used in other Thai curries. Cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, star anise, cumin, bay leaves, nutmeg and mace would, in the 17th century, have been brought to Thailand from the Malay Archipelago and South Asia by foreigners, a trade originally dominated by Muslim traders from the Middle East, Indian subcontinent and from the archipelago itself, but increasingly threatened by the Portuguese, the Dutch and French East India Company.[10] These are combined with local produce such as dried chili peppers,[11] cilantro (coriander) seeds, lemongrass, galangal, white pepper, shrimp paste, shallots and garlic to make the massaman curry paste. This paste is first fried with coconut cream, and only then are meat, potatoes, onions, fish sauce or salt, tamarind paste, sugar, coconut milk and peanuts added.[12][13] Massaman is usually eaten with rice, in a meal together with other dishes. There are also traditional versions using oranges, orange juice, or pineapple juice as additional ingredients.[14][15]

Media coverage

In 2011 CNNGo ranked Massaman curry as number one in an article titled World's 50 most delicious foods.[16] However, CNN's voter's survey later that year ranked it only 10th.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ David Thompson, Thai Food (edition 2010), Pavilion Books, pages 329, ISBN 978-1-86205-514-8
  2. ↑ The Magazine of Domestic Economy, Volume 5, p.63 (Google eBook), W.S. Orr & Company, 1840, accessed 2014-08-17: "A Mussulman Curry is made in the same way..."
  3. ↑ Sorties into Thai cultural history, Office of the National Culture Commission, Ministry of Education, 1982, accessed on Google Books 2014-08-17
  4. ↑ http://www.scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10635/17685/2.%20Thesis%20body%20-%20What%20is%20Thai%20Cuisine.pdf?sequence=2 p.25-26
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ The complete poem in th.wikisource.org (in Thai)
  7. ↑ http://shesimmers.com/2010/07/massaman-matsaman-curry-recipe-%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99.html The translation is partially based on the one in Leela Punyaratabandhu's article
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/514/1/1.pdf p. 208-212
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Chili peppers from the Americas were introduced to the region by the Spanish and Portuguese during the 16th and 17th century
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/tasting/ep3.htm David Thompson's Mussaman Curry of Duck
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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