Mae Murray

Mae Murray
200px Murray as seen in Photoplay in 1917
Born	Marie Adrienne Koenig (1885-05-10)May 10, 1885 New York City
Died	Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
Occupation	Actress, dancer, film producer, screenwriter
Years active	1916–1931
Spouse(s)	William M. Schwenker, Jr. (m. 1908; div. 1910) Jay O'Brien (m. 1916; div. 1918) Robert Z. Leonard (m. 1918; div. 1925) David Mdivani (m. 1926; div. 1934)
Children	1

Mae Murray (May 10, 1885 – March 23, 1965) was an American actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter. Murray rose to fame during the silent film era and was known as "The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" and "The Gardenia of the Screen".

Early life

She was born Marie Adrienne Koenig in New York City, the oldest child of Joseph and Mary (née Miller) Koenig. Her maternal grandparents had emigrated from France while her paternal grandparents has emigrated from Germany. She had two brothers, William Robert (born November 1889) and Howard Joseph (born January 1884).

The family eventually moved to an apartment in the Lower East Side. In May 1896, Joseph Koenig, Murray's father, died from acute gastritis due to his alcoholism. To support the family, Mary Koenig took a job as a housekeeper for Harry Payne Whitney.

Career

Stage

She first began acting on the Broadway stage in 1906 with dancer Vernon Castle. In 1908, she joined the chorus line of the Ziegfeld Follies, moving up to headliner by 1915. Murray became a star of the club circuit in both the United States and Europe, performing with Clifton Webb, Rudolph Valentino, and John Gilbert as some of her many dance partners.

Murray & Monte Blue in Broadway Rose (1922)

Films

Murray made her motion picture debut in To Have and to Hold in 1916. She became a major star for Universal, starring with Rudolph Valentino in The Delicious Little Devil and Big Little Person in 1919. At the height of her popularity, Murray formed her own production company with her director, John M. Stahl. Critics were sometimes less than thrilled with her over-the-top costumes and exaggerated emoting, but her films were popular with movie-going audiences and financially successful.

In 1925, Murray, Leonard, and Stahl produced films at Tiffany Pictures, with Souls for Sables (1925), starring Claire Windsor and Eugene O'Brien, as the first film made by Tiffany. For a brief period of time, Murray wrote a weekly column for newspaper scion William Randolph Hearst.

At her career peak in the early 1920s, Murray, along with such other notable Hollywood personalities as Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, William S. Hart, Jesse L. Lasky, Harold Lloyd, Hal Roach, Donald Crisp, Conrad Nagel and Irving Thalberg was a member of the board of trustees at the Motion Picture & Television Fund – A charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries without resources. Four decades later, Murray herself received aid from that organization.

In the early 1920s, Murray was painted by the well known Hollywood portrait painter Theodore Lukits. This work titled Symphony in Jade and Gold (The Actress Mae Murray) (1922, Private Collection, Northern California) depicted Murray in the nude, gazing in a mirror. It was exhibited at the Pacific Asia Museum in 1999 and two other venues as part of the exhibition Theodore Lukits, An American Orientalist.

File:Maemurray38177ucrop.jpg

Mae Murray (Library of Congress)

Decline

Murray appeared in the title role in the Erich von Stroheim directed film The Merry Widow (1925), opposite John Gilbert. When silent films gave way to talkies, Murray made an insecure debut in the new medium in Peacock Alley (1930), a remake of her earlier 1921 version Peacock Alley. In 1931, she was cast with newcomer Irene Dunne, leading man Lowell Sherman, and with fellow silent screen star Norman Kerry in the talkie Bachelor Apartment. The film was critically panned at the time of release and Murray made only one more film, High Stakes (1931) also with Sherman.

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Mae Murray, 1926

A crucial blow to her film career occurred after she married her fourth husband, David Mdivani, a Georgian man of minor aristocratic roots, whose brothers Serge and Alexis married actress Pola Negri and the heiress Barbara Hutton respectively. The couple married on June 27, 1926, and Mdivani became her manager, suggesting that his new wife ought to leave MGM. Murray took her husband's advice and walked out of her contract with MGM, making a powerful foe of studio boss Louis B. Mayer. Later, she would swallow her pride and pleaded to return, but Mayer would not rehire her. In effect, Mayer's hostility meant that Murray was blacklisted from working for the Hollywood studios.

Meanwhile, in 1927, Murray was sued by her then-masseuse, the famous Hollywood fitness guru Sylvia of Hollywood for the outstanding amount of $2,125 during a humiliating and detailed court case.

Later years

In the 1940s, Murray appeared regularly at Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe, a nightclub which specialized in a "Gay '90s" atmosphere, often presenting stars of the past for nostalgic value. Her appearances collected mixed reviews: her dancing (in particular the Merry Widow Waltz) was well received, but Murray refused to acknowledge her age, wearing heavy layers of makeup and fitting her mature figure into short skirted costumes with plunging necklines. In 1946, she taught ballroom dancing to young teenagers at a dance studio in Los Angeles. It was located on Crenshaw Blvd. near 48th St.

Murray's finances continued to collapse, and for most of her later life she lived in poverty. She was the subject of an authorized biography, The Self-Enchanted (1959), written by Jane Ardmore, that has often been incorrectly called Murray's autobiography.

In February 1964, Murray was found disoriented in St. Louis, thinking that she had completed a bus trip to New York. Murray explained to a Salvation Army officer that she had become lost trying to find her hotel, which she had forgotten the name of. She also refused bus fare back to Los Angeles as she claimed to have a ticket for the remainder of the journey in her purse, "if she could find it."

Personal life

In September 1908, in Hoboken, New Jersey, while she was appearing in the Follies of 1908, Murray married William M. Schwenker, Jr. (born 1885), the unemployed son of a brewery-supply dealer, who cut off his son's allowance upon news of the wedding; they divorced in 1910. On December 18, 1916, she married former dancer and future Olympic bobsled champion Jay O'Brien.

After divorcing O'Brien in 1918, Murray wed movie director Robert Z. Leonard on August 18, 1918; they divorced on May 26, 1925.

Murray married her fourth husband, David Mdivani, on June 27, 1926. They had one child, Koran David Mdivani (born 1927), before divorcing in 1933. Koran was later raised by Sara Elizabeth "Bess" Cunning of Averill Park, New York, who began taking care of him in 1936, when the child was recovering from a double mastoid operation (Cunning's brother Dr. David Cunning was the surgeon). When Murray attempted to regain custody of her son in 1939, Cunning and her other brothers, John, Ambrose, and Cortland, refused, according to the New York Times, at which time Murray and her former husband, Mdivani, entered a bitter custody dispute. It finally ended in 1940, with Murray being given legal custody of the child and the court ordering Mdivani to pay $400 a month maintenance. However, Koran Mdivani continued to live with Bess Cunning, who adopted him in 1940 under the name Daniel Michael Cunning. Reportedly, Mdivani had managed to siphon off most of Murray's money.

Death

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Grave of Mae Murray, Valhalla Memorial Park

Many years later, Murray moved into the Motion Picture House in Woodland Hills, a retirement community for Hollywood professionals. She died there on March 23, 1965 at the age 79. She is interred in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery, North Hollywood, California.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Mae Murray has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6318 Hollywood Blvd. She was one of three actresses (Pola Negri and Theda Bara were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the Chicago International Film Festival's logo, a stark, black and white close up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1916	To Have and to Hold	Lady Jocelyn
1916	Sweet Kitty Bellairs	Kitty Bellairs
1916	The Dream Girl	Meg Dugan	Lost film
1916	The Big Sister	Betty Norton	Lost film
1916	The Plow Girl	Margot	Lost film
1917	On Record	Helen Wayne
1917	A Mormon Maid	Dora
1917	The Primrose Ring	Margaret MacLean
1917	At First Sight	Justina	Lost film
1917	Princess Virtue	Lianne Demarest
1917	Face Value	Joan Darby	Writer (story)
1918	The Bride's Awakening	Elaine Bronson
1918	Her Body in Bond	Peggy Blondin	Alternative title: The Heart of an Actress Lost film
1918	Modern Love	Della Arnold	Writer (story) Lost film
1918	The Taming of Kaiser Bull	Miss America	Lost film
1918	Danger, Go Slow	Mugsy Mulane	Writer
1919	The Scarlet Shadow	Elena Evans	Lost film
1919	The Twin Pawns	Daisy/Violet White	Alternative title: The Curse of Greed
1919	The Delicious Little Devil	Mary McGuire
1919	What Am I Bid?	Betty Yarnell	Alternative title: Girl For Sale Lost film
1919	The Big Little Person	Arathea Manning	Lost film
1919	The ABC of Love	Kate
1920	On with the Dance	Sonia
1920	Right to Love	Lady Falkland
1920	Idols of Clay	Faith Merrill
1921	The Gilded Lily	Lillian Drake
1922	Peacock Alley	Cleo of Paris
1922	Fascination	Dolores de Lisa
1922	Broadway Rose	Rosalie Lawrence
1923	Jazzmania	Ninon
1923	The French Doll	Georgine Mazulier
1923	Fashion Row	Olga Farinova/Zita (her younger sister)	Lost film
1924	Mademoiselle Midnight	Renée de Gontran/Renée de Quiros
1924	Circe, the Enchantress	Circe (mythical goddess)/Cecilie Brunne	Alternative title: Circe Lost film
1925	The Merry Widow	Sally O'Hara
1925	The Masked Bride	Gaby
1926	Valencia	Valencia	Alternative title: The Love Song
1927	Altars of Desire	Claire Sutherland
1930	Peacock Alley	Claire Tree
1931	Bachelor Apartment	Mrs. Agatha Carraway	Alternative title: Apartamento de Soltero
1931	High Stakes	Dolly Jordan Lennon

References

Notes

Bibliography

• David W. Menefee, The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004) ISBN 0-275-98259-9
• Jane Kesner Morris Ardmore, The Self-Enchanted: Mae Murray, Image of an Era. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959)
• "The Rise to Stardom of Mae Murray" by Jimmy Bangley in Classic Images August 1996 (Muscatine, Iowa: Muscatine Journal, 1996)
• F. Cugat, "Mae Murray’s Victory", Movie Weekly (August 19, 1922)
• Frances Marion, Off With Their Heads! (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972)
• Adela Rogers St. Johns, "Mae Murray-A Study in Contradictions", Photoplay (July 1924), 43

External links

• Mae Murray at the Internet Movie Database
• Mae Murray at the Internet Broadway Database
• Mae Murray at the Women Film Pioneers Project
• Mae Murray at the TCM Movie Database
• Mae Murray at Silents Are Golden
• Mae Murray Biography at Classic Images
• Mae Murray at Virtual History
• write up on Mae Murray by Tammy Stone
• Kodak 1922 Kodachrome Film Test on YouTube
• Mae Murray at Find a Grave