Münzregal
The Münzregal was the sovereign right of coinage,[1] in the Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire, in other words the right to issue regulations governing the production and use of coins. It covered the specification of currency, the right to mint and the right to use coins and the profit from minting. It is variously referred to in English sources as the "right of coinage",[1] "coinage regality",[2] "regality of coinage",[2] "minting privileges"[3] and "coinage prerogative".[4][5] It was one of the regalia, or royal privileges.
Contents
History
Since the time of Charlemagne the Münzregal under the Frankish crown, was based on the practice of ancient Rome which exerted a strong central authority. The royal administration was also responsible for the construction and operation of the mints, the standard of coinage and the coinage.
With the sharp upturn in the economy from the 9th century, the Münzrecht, often associated with customs and market rights, was delegated to ecclesiastical rulers, mainly bishops. From the 11th century, it was also granted to secular princes, and later to towns or cities.
With the Golden Bull of 1356 were the Münzregal and the often closely associated mining rights or Bergregal were transferred to the prince electors. In 1648, other imperial estates (Reichsstände) were granted the Münzregal. Nevertheless, the sovereignty over coinage officially remained with the Holy Roman Emperor.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Postan, Michael Moïssey and Miller, Edward (1987). The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, p. 707.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hübner, Rudolf (2000). A History of Germanic Private Law, New Jersey. ISBN 978-1-58477-065-7.
- ↑ Englischer Wortschatz Geschichte' by Christel Beck-Zangenberg. Accessed on 21 Aug 2012.
- ↑ Deutsche Bundesbank - Legal Frameworks - The Coinage Prerogative
- ↑ Business and Finance Multilingual Dictionary by Igor Sharshakov
Literature
- Arnold Luschin von Ebengreuth: Allgemeine Münzkunde und Geldgeschichte des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit. 2nd widely printed edition. Oldenbourg, Munich, inter alia, 1926 (Handbuch der mittelalterlichen und neueren Geschichte. Abt. 4: Hilfswissenschaften und Altertümer 5), (Unaltered reprographic copy: ib. 1969).
- Friedrich von Schrötter: Wörterbuch der Münzkunde. 2nd unaltered edition. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1970.
- Peter Volz: Königliche Münzhoheit und Münzprivilegium im Karolingischen Reich und die Entwicklung in der sächsischen und fränkischen Zeit. Teil I: Die karolingische Zeit. In: Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte. 21, ISSN 0075-2711, pp. 157–186.
