Luis Antonio Tagle

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This name uses Philippine naming customs. The middle name or maternal family name is Gokim and the surname or paternal family name is Tagle.
His Eminence
Luis Antonio Tagle
D.D., S.Th.D.
Cardinal, Archbishop of Manila
File:Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle 11 Feb 2013.jpg
Tagle in 2013
Province Manila
See Manila
Appointed October 13, 2011
Installed December 12, 2011
Predecessor Gaudencio Rosales
Other posts Cardinal Priest of San Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle
President of Caritas International
President of the Catholic Biblical Federation
Orders
Ordination February 27, 1982
by Félix Paz Pérez
Consecration December 12, 2001
by Jaime Sin
Created Cardinal November 24, 2012
by Pope Benedict XVI
Rank Cardinal-Priest
Personal details
Birth name Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle
Born (1957-06-21) June 21, 1957 (age 67)[1]
Manila, Philippines
Nationality Filipino
Denomination Roman Catholic
Residence Manila, Cavite
Parents
  • Manuel Tagle
  • Milagros Tagle née Gokim
Previous post Bishop of Imus (2001–2011)
Alma mater Ateneo de Manila University
Catholic University of America
Motto "Dominus Est! (It is the Lord!)" – John 21:7
Signature {{{signature_alt}}}
Coat of arms

Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle[pronunciation?] (born June 21, 1957)[2] is a Filipino Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He has been the 32nd Archbishop of Manila since December 12, 2011, and a cardinal since November 24, 2012. He also serves as President of Caritas International, a federation of Catholic relief, development and social service organizations, and of the Catholic Biblical Federation.

Tagle has become involved in many social issues in the Philippines with emphasis on helping the poor while maintaining opposition against what he terms "practical atheism",[3] abortion,[4] and contraception.[5]

He is often characterized as a representative of the Church's progressive wing.[6][7][8][9][10] He has criticized the Catholic Church for using "harsh language" to describe LGBT and divorced and remarried Catholics.[11] He has proposed that the shortage of priests might require a review of the celibacy requirement for priests.[12] Cardinal Tagle is also a proponent of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion on a case-by-case basis.[13] He generally prefers to be called by his nickname "Chito" than by his clerical title.[14]

Aside from his native Filipino (Tagalog). He is also speaks English and fluent in Italian and he is also proficient in reading Spanish, French and Latin.[15]

Early life and studies

Tagle was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio Tagle, an ethnic Tagalog and his Filipino Chinese wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank. Tagle's paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the Tagle family were part of the country's hispanic, Christian aristocracy, known as the Principalía, in the era before the 1896 Philippine Revolution.[16] Florencio was injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; Tagle's grandmother made a living by running a local diner.

Tagle was able to recite the Rosary by age three. After attending elementary and secondary school at Saint Andrew's School in Parañaque, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San José Seminary, which gained him automatic admission to Ateneo de Manila University.

Tagle earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Pre-Divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in Theology at its Loyola School of Theology.[17] Tagle earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph Komonchak on the development of the concept of episcopal collegiality at the Second Vatican Council and the influence of Pope Paul VI.[18] Tagle also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University.[19] In Komonchak's estimation, Tagle was "one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching" and "could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia" had he not been appointed bishop.[20] Tagle has received honorary degrees from La Salle University[21] and the Catholic Theological Union.

Priesthood

Tagle was ordained in the Diocese of Imus on February 27, 1982. After ordination, he held the following positions: associate pastor of San Agustín Parish – Méndez-Núñez, Cavite (1982–1984), spiritual director (1982–1983) and later rector (1983–1985) of the diocesan seminary of Imus. After studies in the United States from 1985 to 1992, he returned to Imus and was Episcopal Vicar for Religious (1993–1995) and parish priest and rector (1998–2001) of Nuestra Señora del Pilar Cathedral-Parish. He also taught theology at San Carlos Seminary (1982-1985) and Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay, Cavite.[22]

Pope John Paul II appointed Tagle to the International Theological Commission, where he served from 1997 to 2002 under its President, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. From 1995 to 2001 he was a member of the editorial board of the "History of Vatican II" project.[19]

Bishop of Imus

In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12.[23] During his ten years in Imus, he made a point of living simply, owned no car and invited the destitute to join him for a meal.[14]

At the first gathering of bishops under Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, he spoke from the floor about the inadequacy of the number of priests in the Philippines.[24] He said:[25]

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To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion.... The faithful know the difference between a bible service and Eucharist, a priest and a lay minister. Many communities wait for the gift of the priesthood and the Eucharist with humility.

To the concept that priestly vocation are a gift from God he countered: "we should also ask whether the Church is a good steward of the gift." He told a news conference that "The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines."[26] Discussing priestly celibacy, Cardinal Angelo Scola, the synod moderator, expressed reservations about modifications to the Church's requirement of celibacy for the priesthood. In response, Tagle suggested that the Church should consider such a change to combat the shortage of priests.[27][28][29]

At the 2008 International Eucharistic Congress in Quebec, Canada, he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears.[20] He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:[30]

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It is sad that those who worship idols sacrifice other people while preserving themselves and their interests. How many factory workers are being denied the right wages for the god of profit? How many women are being sacrificed to the god of domination? How many children are being sacrificed to the god of lust? How many trees, rivers, hills are being sacrificed to the god of 'progress'? How many poor people are being sacrificed to the god of greed? How many defenseless people are being sacrificed to the god of national security?

Archbishop of Manila

The Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, metropolitan seat of Archbishop Tagle and the See of Manila, Philippines.

Pope Benedict XVI appointed Tagle the 32nd Archbishop of Manila on October 13, 2011, to succeed Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales.[29][31] According to Father Catalino Arévalo, SJ, the first Asian member of the Vatican's International Theological Commission, Tagle's appointment was promoted by the Papal Nuncio to the Philippines Edward Joseph Adams and Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, but some objections were submitted to the Congregation for Bishops, which caused some delay in processing his appointment.[32] Prior to his installation, Tagle made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in October 2011.[33] He was installed as Archbishop on December 12, 2011, the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the tenth anniversary of his episcopal consecration. He received the pallium, the symbol of his authority as a metropolitan archbishop, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2012, in Rome.

In February 2012, Tagle attended the Symposium for Healing and Renewal at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. Tagle discussed the way the sex-abuse crises manifests itself in Asia, where it is more common for priests to violate their vows of celibacy by taking mistresses than to engage in the sexual abuse of minors.[34][35] Tagle maintained that the deference to authority typical of Asian culture combined with the dominance of the Catholic Church in a country like the Philippines produced a "culture of shame" that continued to inhibit the reporting of instances of abuse. He said that culture needed to change though he anticipated great difficulties:[36]

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The relative silence with which the victims and Asian Catholics face the scandal is partly due to the culture of ‘shame’ that holds dearly one’s humanity, honor and dignity. For Asian cultures, a person’s shame tarnishes one’s family, clan and community. Silence could be a way of preserving what is left of one’s honor.

He said the fact his country had a "touching culture" that created problems of interpretation and mandatory reporting laws would face cultural hurdles as well.

On June 12, 2012, Tagle was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education for a five-year renewable term.[37] That same day, Tagle spoke at the 50th International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, Ireland. He discussed how the sexual abuse crisis requires the Church to reevaluate its relationship with the media. He said: "As we challenge them to be fair and truthful in whatever they are reporting, the Church should also be prepared to be scrutinised by media, provided the norms of fairness and truthfulness are applied to all, especially the victims". He decried the tendency of Church officials to resent negative media coverage even when accurate, while noting he had witnessed some media coverage in Asia that is tainted by "an anti-Christian sentiment".[38] He also mentioned the various issues which distinguish the experience of the Church in Ireland and similar cases in Asia.[39][40]

On August 4, 2012, Tagle delivered a speech at a prayer rally against the Reproductive Health Bill, which included provisions for the funding and distribution of birth control information and devices. He advocated for the recognition of women's rights by recognizing their valued role as mothers and wives, deserving of genuine love and respect as reflections of God and a gift to mankind.[41][42] Tagle also denounced sexual prostitution as an affront to women's femininity. He took a more moderate stance on the legislation than other Philippine bishops, refusing to threaten politicians who supported the legislation with excommunication or to have posters criticizing its supporters as "Team Death" distributed in Manila's parishes.[14]

Benedict XVI named Tagle as one of the Synod Fathers for the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelisation on September 18, 2012.[43] In his intervention at that synod, he outlined how he believed the Church should approach the process of evangelization. He said:[44]

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The Church must discover the power of silence. Confronted with the sorrows, doubts and uncertainties of people she cannot pretend to give easy solutions.... The Church's humility, respectfulness and silence might reveal more clearly the face of God in Jesus. The world takes delight in a simple witness to Jesus-meek and humble of heart.

In an interview with Vatican Radio, he explained how his view reflected the experience of Asian and Philippine culture:[45]

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The Church of Asia is often a minority Church, like John the Baptist crying in the wilderness ... even in the Philippines, if the Church is a majority, I realise that the sufferings of people and the difficult questions they ask are an invitation to be first in solidarity with them, not to pretend we have all the solutions ... I believe the Church should contribute in the public square but we in Asia are very particular about the mode ... so you my be saying the right things but people will not listen if the manner by which you communicate reminds them of a triumphalistic, know-it-all institution ... I know that in some parts of Asia the relative silence, calmness of the Church is interpreted as timidity, but I say no – it makes the Church more credible.

Cardinal

Pope Benedict XVI announced he was naming Archbishop Tagle to the College of Cardinals on October 24, 2012.[46][lower-alpha 1] Tagle himself had been notified the night before.[48] At the consistory where he was formally made a Cardinal on November 24, he was assigned the titular church of San Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle. Tagle was the seventh Filipino to be made Cardinal of the Catholic Church.[49] When he became a cardinal he was the second youngest one.[50] On November 30, 2012, upon his return to the Philippines, he presided at a thanksgiving Mass was presided by Tagle at the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila, which President Benigno Aquino III, Vice-President Jejomar Binay, and Mayor Alfredo Lim of Manila attended.

On January 9, 2013, Tagle delivered a televised homily at the Quirino Memorial Grandstand denouncing cafeteria Catholics in the Philippines as "enemies of the Church, false witnesses with pretentious devotion", specifying those who claim to follow Jesus Christ but reject Roman Catholic doctrine by refusing to respect the sanctity of human life and natural law. He hinted at the recently enacted the Reproductive Health Bill. Tagle also spoke against nominal Catholics who worship their "jewelry" (wealth), but ignore Jesus Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.[51]

On January 31, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Tagle to serve as a member of the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family and the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants.[52]

Tagle was mentioned by some news organizations as a possible candidate for election as pope during the papal conclave that elected Pope Francis in 2013.[53][54][55]

Tagle led the National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary at the San Fernando de Dilao Church on June 8, 2013.

National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

In a March 2015 interview, Tagle said the Catholic Church needed to develop a new language for addressing homosexuals, unwed mothers, and divorced and remarried Catholics because "what constituted in the past an acceptable way of showing mercy" changes and needs to be re-imagined. He said:[11][56]

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[T]he harsh words that were used in the past to refer to gays and divorced and separated people, the unwed mothers etc, in the past they were quite severe. Many people who belonged to those groups were branded and that led to their isolation from the wider society....But we are glad to see and hear shifts in that.... [F]or the Catholic Church, there is a pastoral approach which happens in counselling, in the sacrament of reconciliation where individual persons and individual cases are taken uniquely or individually so that a help, a pastoral response, could be given adequately to the person.

A columnist in the National Catholic Register objected that "It is never mercy to refrain from telling a necessary truth.... Those who refrain from truth, those who refrain from true but necessary 'harsh' words do not walk the path of a follower of Jesus."[57] A report in LifeSiteNews contrasted Tagle's views with those of Cardinal Raymond Burke, who said the defense of traditional marriage might require martyrdom, and said Tagle opposed "the use of 'harsh' and 'severe' language to describe the sins of adultery and homosexual behavior".[58]

Following the publication of Pope Francis' encyclial Laudato si', Cardinal Tagle launched a campaign in the Philippines to collect signatures for a petition against anthropogenic global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions.[59]

As the Synod on the Family opened public discussion of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion, Tagle repeatedly signaled his openness to doing so. In March 2014 he said he was open to hearing arguments on the question. He said: "We have a principle we have to believe in. But the openness comes on pastoral judgments you have to make in concrete situations, because no two cases are alike."[14] As the 2014 session of the synod approached he said he hoped that "the pastoral care of divorced and civilly remarried couples is debated openly and with good will" but emphasized other challenges drawn from his Philippine experience, especially the separation of married couples from one another and their children caused by poverty and migration.[60] After the synod failed to approve admitting divorced and remarried Catholics to communion by the required two-thirds majority, he emphasized that the majority has approved the idea and the issue remained open. He said:[61]

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I speak for my Philippines. In the preparation phase, I spoke quite a bit about poverty and the emigration phenomenon: two issues which are not exclusive to the family context, affected the very core of family life. In our country there is no law on divorce. But people do divorce out of love. Fathers and mothers separate out of love for their children and one of them goes to the other side of the world to work. These separations are triggered by love. In the Philippines and countries affected by migration, we must, as a Church, accompany these people, help them to be faithful to their wives and husbands.

In 2015, he said that "Every situation for those who are divorced and remarried is quite unique. To have a general rule might be counterproductive in the end.... We cannot give one formula for all."[56]

Cardinal Tagle is a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Pontifical Council for the Family, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Laity, XIII Ordinary Council of the Secretariat General of the Synod of Bishops. On July 11, 2015, he was made a member of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'. He was also confirmed by Pope Francis as President of the Catholic Biblical Federation on March 5, 2015. On May 14, 2015, he was elected President of Caritas International replacing Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga.[62] Some Catholic media that judge Tagle's views to be too liberal criticized the appointment.[63]

Tagle has been Chairman for the Episcopal Commission on the Doctrine of Faith of the Philippines since 2003.[19] Tagle is the Professor of Dogmatic Synthesis at the Graduate School of Theology of San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary of Manila, and an Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at the Loyola School of Theology of Ateneo de Manila University.[17] He also taught at the school of theology of the Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay City.

Coat of arms

Styles of
Luis Antonio Tagle
Coat of arms of Luis Antonio Tagle.svg
Reference style His Eminence
Spoken style Your Eminence
Informal style Cardinal
See Manila

Tagle's personal coat of arms (sinister side) is impaled with that of the Archdiocese of Manila (dexter side).

The dexter side is derived from the arms of the City of Manila. The tower of Castille[lower-alpha 2] signifies belief in the one God, its three windows professing devotion to the Trinity. The crescent moon is a symbol of the Blessed Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception, the principal patroness of the Philippines. On the lower portion, a sea-lion bearing a cruciform staff is on an azure field, signifying the City of Manila. The sea-lion is originally a Spanish heraldic designation for the Philippines as an ultramar (overseas) possession. Today, the device is also found on several state arms such as the Presidential Seal.

The top sinister section depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd and as a fisherman, accompanied by an open Gospel Book inscribed with the letters Alpha and Omega. The middle section is a stylised version of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of his previous diocese. This consists of an Ionic column surmounted by an ornate "M" as a symbol for the Virgin Mary, crowned with twelve stars. The bottom depicts a carpenter's square, which signifies Saint Joseph the Worker, along with a lily; these refer to the seminary Tagle attended.

Tagle's motto is taken from the John 21:7, Dominus Est ("It is the Lord!").

Interpretation of Vatican II

Tagle served from 1995 to 2001 on the editorial board of more than 50 of the History of Vatican II project[19] coordinated by Alberto Melloni and Giuseppe Alberigo, both promoters of the Bologna School of ecclesiastical history which asserts that the Second Vatican Council was a "rupture" with the past. This position has been criticized by Pope Benedict XVI, amongst others, who holds that Vatican II represented a "continuity" with the past.[64] The five-volume, 2,500 page History of Vatican II (completed after discussions at 14 international conferences with contributions from over 100 scholars) is seen as the seminal work on the Second Vatican Council although it has been criticized by some conservatives for providing an overly progressive reading of the council.[65] In particular, in 1999 Tagle, not yet a bishop, wrote the chapter in the fourth volume of the History of Vatican II dedicated to the so-called "A November Storm: The Black Week" which unfolded at the close of the council’s third session in 1964, when several actions by Pope Paul VI caused alarm among reform forces. The Catholic commentator Sandro Magister reported that members of the Congregation for Bishops – who considered Tagle's candidacy for archbishop – only found out about his affiliation with the Bologna School after he was appointed.[47]

In 2005, Archbishop Agostino Marchetto, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants,[66] criticized the chapter written by Tagle, calling it "unbalanced, journalistic, and lacking objectivity expected of a true historian".[67]

The Vaticanologist John L. Allen, Jr. reported that Cardinal Marc Ouellet, the Holy See's prefect for the Congregation for Bishops and protégé of Pope Benedict XVI, maintains his "full support" for Tagle. Allen also reported that a Vatican official indicated that he read Tagle’s 1999 essay – after media reports highlighted it – and found nothing objectionable. In fact, he was impressed by Tagle’s defense of Paul VI (Tagle wrote that Paul followed a strategy of "listening to all views, especially opposing ones" and was willing to "sacrifice his personal popularity to save the council and its future"). This official also said that it is difficult to suggest Tagle is opposed to Pope Benedict’s reading of the council since one of the sources Tagle cited was the writings of Joseph Ratzinger.[68]

In a 2012 televised interview by Salt + Light Television, Tagle maintained that there was no rupture in the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church in comparison to the pre-Second Vatican Council. Furthermore, he added that he does not subscribe to the "Rupture theory" that the Catholic Church before 1962 is disconnected from the present church.[69]

Distinctions

Orders

Academic honours

Awards

  • Outstanding Manilan 2013
  • Fides Award (January 26, 2015)[72]

Television

While Archbishop of Manila, Tagle continues to perform as the presenter of The Word Exposed, a Catholic television program produced by the Jesuit Communications Foundation, which also maintains an unofficial Facebook account for him. He is also co-presenter on Kape't Pandasal ("Coffee and Prayer", a pun on the term kape't pandesal or "coffee and salted bread"), an early morning religious inspirational program partly produced by the same network, broadcast by ABS-CBN.[73]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The consistories at which Benedict XVI created cardinals in 2012 were unusual in that it was the first year since 1929 in which two consistories were held in the same calendar year. At the first in February all the new cardinals were European or members of the Roman Curia. Benedict explained on October 27: "I have wished, with this little consistory, to complete the consistory of February, precisely in the context of the new evangelization, with a gesture of the universality of the Church, showing that the Church is the Church of all peoples, speaks in all languages, is still the Church of Pentecost; not the Church of one continent, but the universal Church. Precisely this was my intention, to express this context, this universality of the Church." The November consistory was the first with no European created cardinal since 1924.[47]
  2. ↑ The Tower of Castille (Spanish: Torre de los Castellaños) refers to the Spanish cultural symbol of the Spanish monarchy that ruled the Philippines during its 300 years of Spanish occupation. To Filipinos, the word is presently translated as Kastila, a phonetic pronunciation of the Spanish "Castilla".

References

  1. ↑ http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/elenco_per_eta.html
  2. ↑ http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/elenco_per_eta.html
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Daily Mail: "The Facebook Pope? Singing Philippine cardinal who uses social networking to spread the gospel is Asia's leading contender to become the next pontiff" By Daniel Miller March 7, 2013
  16. ↑ [1] Emilio Aguinaldo, Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Copyright by Mrs. Cristina Aguinaldo Suntay. Manila. 1964
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Theological Studies: "Episcopal Collegiality and Vatican II: The Influence of Paul VI" by Francis Sullivan June 2006.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ http://www.lasalle.edu/blog/2015/09/24/cardinal-tagle-of-manila-receives-honorary-degree-from-la-salle-university-at-honors-convocation/
  22. ↑ Pope appoints Mgr. Tagle Archbishop of Manila. Asianews.it. Retrieved on February 18, 2012.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ "XI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops." Holy See Press Office, October 2–23, 2005. Accessed December 14, 2015
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Vatican Insider: "Pope appoints communicator and scholar as new Archbishop of Manila" October 13, 2011
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Full Video of the Speech covered by Salt & Light International Television on YouTube
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Talk of Abp. Chito Tagle on YouTube
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ State of the Nation: TV News show with GMA Network senior correspondent: Jessica Soho - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEthidBfn88
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Luis Antonio Tagle takes a swipe against the Reproductive Health Bill - Homily - Luneta Quirino Memorial Grandstand - January 9, 2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZllBwD3BgQ
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Catholic Culture.org: "Benedict's Hermeneutic of Continuity" by Jeff Mirus January 30, 2009
  65. ↑ Philippine Daily Inquirer: "CNN analyst sees Manila archbishop a 'papal contender'" by Philip C. Tubeza October 22, 2011
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ National Catholic Reporter: "Vatican OK with Manila leader despite link to Vatican II school" by John L. Allen Jr. December 20, 2011
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Roman Catholic Bishop of Imus
October 22, 2001 – December 12, 2011		 Succeeded by
Reynaldo G. Evangelista
Preceded by Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
December 12, 2011–present		 Incumbent


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