List of political parties in the Netherlands

Members of the four parties with parliamentary representation since 1980 and participation in government: PvdA, D66, CDA and VVD (from the left). Ulft, shortly before the municipal elections of 2010.

This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 60,000 votes. Since this system was implemented in 1918, no party has even approached the seats needed for an outright majority. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, and all parties must adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

Parties

Parliamentary parties

Parties with representation in the Senate, House of Representatives or European Parliament, as of September 2012:

Name	Abbr.	Political Leader	International and European Affiliations	Votes (2012)	House of Rep. seats	Senate seats	European Parliament seats
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie	VVD	Mark Rutte*	Liberal International, ALDE	2,498,231	40	13	3
Labour Party Partij van de Arbeid	PvdA	Diederik Samsom	Socialist International, Progressive Alliance, PES	2,331,862	36	8	3
Party for Freedom Partij voor de Vrijheid	PVV	Geert Wilders	ENF	950,055	12	9	4
Socialist Party Socialistische Partij	SP	Emile Roemer	UEL/NGL	908,295	15	9	2
Christian Democratic Appeal Christen-Democratisch Appèl	CDA	Sybrand van Haersma Buma	Centrist Democrat International, EPP	801,160	13	12	5
Democrats 66 Politieke Partij Democraten 66	D66	Alexander Pechtold	Liberal International, ALDE	751,504	12	10	4
ChristianUnion ChristenUnie	CU	Gert-Jan Segers	ECPM, ECR	294,121	5	3	1
GreenLeft GroenLinks	GL	Jesse Klaver	Global Greens, EGP	219,640	4	4	2
Reformed Political Party Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij	SGP	Kees van der Staaij	ECPM, ECR	197,046	3	2	1
Party for Animals Partij voor de Dieren	PvdD	Marianne Thieme	UEL/NGL	181,272	2	2	1
50PLUS 50PLUS	50+	Jan Nagel*	none	176,926	1	2	0
Independent Senate Group Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie	OSF	Henk ten Hoeve*	none	0 did not compete	0	1	0
For the Netherlands VoorNederland	VNL	Joram van Klaveren	ADDE	0 did not compete	2	0	0
Group Kuzu/Öztürk Groep Kuzu/ozturk		Tunahan Kuzu	none	0 did not compete	2	0	0
Group van Vliet Groep van Vliet		Roland van Vliet	none	0 did not compete	1	0	0
Cultural Liberal Party Vrijzinnige Partij		Norbert Klein	none	0 did not compete	1	0	0
Group Houwers Groep Houwers		Johan Houwers	none	0 did not compete	1	0	0
Total (includes Others; turnout 74.3%)				9,399,664	150	75	26

*: These political leaders are not President of the parliamentary parties in the House of Representatives.

• The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is a conservative-liberal party. As a centre-right movement, it attaches great importance to private enterprise, market liberalism and the freedom of the individual in political, social, and economic affairs. The party is generally supportive of European economic integration, but is less supportive of political integration. VVD is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.
• The Labour Party (PvdA), a social-democratic party, and centre-left in orientation. Its program is based on more social, political, and economic equality for all citizens. Former PvdA-prime minister Joop den Uyl has called it an "equal distribution of knowledge, income and power." In recent years the PvdA has espoused a centrist Third Way programme. The PvdA is generally supportive of European integration. Although called the Labour Party, it has no formal links to the trade unions. In practice, however, strong links exist, with PvdA politicians often beginning their careers in the FNV trade union. The party is led by Diederik Samsom. The PvdA is a member of the Socialist International.
• The Party for Freedom (PVV) is a right-wing populism and conservative-liberal party. It was founded by Geert Wilders, who split from the VVD in 2004. The PVV seeks to lower taxation. It is Eurosceptical and seeks to limit immigration, especially from Islamic and non-Western countries.
• The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian democratic party on the centre to centre-right. It supports free enterprise and holds to the principle that government activity should supplement but not supplant communal action by citizens. On the political spectrum, the CDA sees its philosophy as standing between the "individualism" of the VVD and the "statism" of the Labour Party. The CDA favours European economic, cultural and political integration. The party is led by Sybrand van Haersma Buma. The CDA is a member of the Centrist Democrat International.
• The Socialist Party (SP) is a left-wing populist party. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a People's Republic of China-supported Maoist party, but in 1991 the SP dropped its communist course, and chose a more independent and less radical democratic socialist course, having long denounced Maoism and the People's Republic of China. The party itself has called it a move "from socialism to a social-ism." The party opposes what it sees as the European Superstate. The SP operates as an independent party within the European United Left–Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament. Emile Roemer is the leader of the SP.
• GreenLeft combines green politics with left-wing ideals. The party was founded in 1989 as a merger of left-radical, pacifist, communist and Christian left parties. GreenLeft is a member of the Global Greens.
• The ChristianUnion is a socially conservative Christian democratic party, which mostly concentrates on ethical issues, such as a resistance against abortion, euthanasia and gay marriage. In other areas (e.g. immigration and the environment), the party often is closer to the left-wing parties. It is sceptical about European integration. The CU operates within the European Conservatives and Reformists group within the European Parliament and is a founding member of the European Christian Political Movement. Arie Slob leads the party.
• Democrats 66 (D66) has had widely fluctuating electoral fortunes since the party's founding in 1966. It is a centrist social liberal party, professing a pro-European platform of ethnic and religious tolerance. Alexander Pechtold leads the party. D66 is a member of the Liberal International.
• Party for the Animals (PvdD) is an animal rights party, that can be labeled as a one issue-party, though it claims not to be. The focus of the party is on animal welfare, protecting the environment and conservation. The party also has distinctive points of view about education, privacy, health care and the economy. In general, the party is considered centre-left to left-wing.
• The Reformed Political Party (SGP) is a party of the Christian right, with stronger ethical points of view than the ChristianUnion. Although a small party on a national level, it is an important political power in some orthodox reformed municipalities. The party sees governments (local, regional, national and international) as unconditional servants of God. The party bases all of its views directly on the Bible. The party opposes European integration and operates within the European Conservatives and Reformists group and is a member of the European Christian Political Movement. Kees van der Staaij leads the SGP.
• 50Plus (50+) is a Pensioners' Party. It is led by political entrepreneur Jan Nagel.
• The Independent Senate Group (Dutch: Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie, OSF) is a parliamentary party in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties.

Other parties (only local representation)

Party	Abbreviation	Year of Creation	Number of Municipality seats
The Greens		1983	1
Islam Democrats	ID	2006	2
New Communist Party of the Netherlands	NCPN	1992	3
Proud of the Netherlands	TROTS	2007	6
United Communist Party	VCP	1999	5
United Senior Party	VSP	2001	13

Other parties (not represented in parliament)

Party	Abbreviation	Year of Creation	Last election participated
Jezus Lives		2013	Dutch provincial elections, 2015
Liberal Democratic Party	LibDem	2006	European Parliament election, 2014
Libertarian Party	LP	1993	Dutch provincial elections, 2015
Netherlands Local	NL	2011	Dutch provincial elections, 2015
Dutch Peoples-Union	NVU	1971	Dutch municipal elections, 2014
Pacifistic-Socialist Party '92	PSP '92	1992	Dutch provincial elections, 2015
Partij van de Toekomst	PvdT	2002	Dutch municipal elections, 2014
Partij voor Mens en Spirit	MenS	2008	Dutch provincial elections, 2015
Pirate Party of the Netherlands	PPNL	2010	Dutch provincial elections, 2015

Regional parties

Party	Abbreviation	Active in	Number of Provincial seats	Number of Municipality seats
Frisian National Party	FNP	Friesland	4	58
Groninger Belang	GB	Groningen	3	-
Party for the North	PvhN	Groningen	1	3
Party for Zeeland	PVZ	Zeeland	1	1

Defunct parties

• Algemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV) (General Elderly Alliance)
• Algemeene Bond van RK-kiesverenigingen (General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses) {became the RKSP}
• Alliantie voor Vernieuwing en Democratie (Alliance for Renewal and Democracy)
• Artikel 50 (Article 50) {merged with For the Netherlands}
• Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (General Dutch Fascist League)
• Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP) (Anti-Revolutionary Party) {1879–1980} {merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA)}
• Arab European League (Arabisch-Europese Liga, AEL) {initially founded in Belgium, active in the Netherlands between 2003–2005, now MDP}
• Arbeiderspartij van Nederland (opbouworganisatie) (APN(o)) (Workers Party of the Netherlands (build-up organisation))
• Boerenpartij (BP) (Farmers' Party)
• Bond Christen Socialisten (BCS) (League of Christian Socialists)
• Bond van Nederlandse Marxisten-Leninisten (BNML) (League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists) {merged into KAO(ml)}
• Bond van Vrije Liberalen (Association of Free Liberals) {merged into Liberale Staatspartij}
• Brabant Party (Brabantse Partij), has been active in North Brabant.
• Continue Directe Democratie Partij – CDDP
• Centrumdemocraten (CD) (Centre Democrats) {split from the Centrumpartij}
• Centrumpartij (CP) (Centre Party) {later Centrumpartij '86}
• Centrumpartij '86 (CP'86) (Centre Party '86)
• Christen Democratische Partij (Christian Democratic Party)
• Christelijk-Democratische Unie (CDU) (Christian-Democratic Union) {merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)}
• Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU) (Christian-Historical Union) {merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA)}
• Christelijk Sociale Party (CSP)
• Christelijk-Historische Kiezersbond (CHK) (Christian Historical Voters' League) {merged into the Christelijk-Historische Partij}
• Christelijk-Historische Partij (CHP) (Christian Historical Party) {merged into the Christian Historican Union}
• Communistische Partij Nederland (CPN) (Communist Party Netherlands) {merged into GroenLinks, some members formed the NCPN}
• deConservatieven.nl (The Conservatives)
• Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70) (Democratic Socialists '70)
• Duurzaam Nederland (Sustainable Netherlands)
• Economische Bond (EB) (Economic League)
• Europa Transparant (ET) (Europe Transparant)
• Evangelische Volkspartij (EVP) (Evangelical Peoples Party) {merged into GroenLinks}
• Fatherland League (Netherlands) (Vaderlandsch Verbond)
• Friesche Bond (Frisian League) {merged into the Christian Historican Union}
• Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV) (Reformed Political Union) {merged into ChristenUnie}
• Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij {dissolved in 1946}
• Independent Socialist Party (OSP)
• Islamitische Partij Nederland (Islamic Party Netherlands) {founded in 1998}
• Katholieke Nationale Partij (KNP) (Catholic National Party) {merged into the KVP}
• Katholieke Volkspartij (KVP) (Catholic People's Party) {merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA)}
• Kommunistische Arbeidersorganisatie (marxistisch-leninistisch) (KAO(ml) (Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist-Leninist)) {dissolved around 1980}
• Kommunistische Eenheidsbeweging Nederland (marxistisch-leninistisch) (KEN(ml)) (Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands) {dissolved in mid-1980s}
• The Independent Citizen Party (Dutch: Onafhankelijke Burger Partij, OBP)
• Leefbaar Nederland (LN) (Liveable Netherlands)
• Liberale Staatspartij (LSP) (Liberal State Party) {merged into Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV)}
• Liberale Partij (Liberal Party) {merged into the Vaderlandsch Verbond}
• Liberale Unie (Liberal Union) {merged into Liberale Staatspartij}
• Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) (Pim Fortuyn List) {disbanded in 2007}
• Lijst Ratelband (Ratelband List)
• Lijst Veldhoen (Veldhoen List)
• Marxistisch-Leninistische Partij Nederland (MLPN) – a fake party founded in 1970 by the Dutch Intelligence Service BVD and the CIA, to research support for Maoism and to fool the People's Republic of China.
• Middenpartij voor Stad en Land (MPSL) (Middle Party for City and Country)
• Middenstandspartij (MP) (Middle Class Party)
• Moslimpartij (Muslim Party) {founded in 1993}
• Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) (National Socialist Dutch Workers Party) {1931–1941}
• Nationale Alliantie (NA) (National Alliance)
• Nederlands Blok (NB) (Dutch Block)
• Neutrale Partij (Neutral Party)
• Nieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP) (New National Party)
• Nieuw Rechts (NR) (New Right)
• O O Den Haag (O O The Hague) {was initially registered for 2003 elections but withdrew}.
• Pacifistisch-Socialistische Partij (PSP) (Pacifist-Socialist Party) {merged into GroenLinks}
• New Limburg Party (PNL – Partij Nieuw Limburg), has been active in Limburg.
• Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV) (Freedom Party) {became Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie}
• Partij Voor De Mens en alle overige aardbewoners
• Party for Neighborly Love, Freedom and Diversity – PNVD
• Partij voor Rechtvaardigheid, Daadkracht en Vooruitgang (Party for Justice, Action and Progress)
• Plattelandersbond (Peasants' League)
• Politieke Partij Radicalen (PPR) (Political Party of Radicals) {merged into GroenLinks}
• Progressive Integration Party
• Radicale Bond (RB) (Radical League) {merged into VDB}
• Reformatorische Politieke Federatie (RPF) (Reforming Political Federation) {merged into ChristenUnie}
• Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij (RKSP) (Roman Catholic Political Party) {predecessor of KVP}
• Senioren 2000 (Seniors 2000)
• Solide Multiculturele Partij – SMP
• Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiders Partij (SDAP) (Social Democratic Workers Party) {merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)}
• Sociaal-Democratische Bond – Social Democratic League merged into the SDAP
• Socialistische Party {Socialist Party active before the Second World War, not the current Socialist Party}.
• Solidair '93 (Solidarity '93) {Appears not to have contested elections after 1998}.
• Unie 55+ (General Senior Union/Union 55+)
• Verbond tot Democratisering der Weermacht (Alliance for the Democratization of the Army)
• Verbond van Communisten in Nederland (VCN) (League of Communists in the Netherlands) {split from the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN) in 1983 and merged with the remains of the CPN in 1992 to form the New Communist Party of the Netherlands (NCPN)}
• Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel (Alliance for National Reconstruction)
• Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB) (Freethinking Democratic League) {merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)}
• Vrij Antirevolutionaire Partij (Free Anti Revolutionary Party) {merged into Christelijk-Historische Partij}

See also

• Politics of the Netherlands
• List of political parties by country
• Liberalism in the Netherlands
• Socialism in the Netherlands
• Christian democracy in the Netherlands

External links

• Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen
• verkiezingsuitslagen.nl Dutch All Elections result according to the Dutch government