List of Princeton University people (government)

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Politics and government

Heads of state and government

Four Presidents of the United States have had connections to Princeton. Princeton alumni and former students have served as heads of government in Bangladesh, Belgium, Peru, Senegal, and South Korea.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs
Fakhruddin Ahmed PhD 1975 Chief Advisor of the caretaker government (interim prime minister) of Bangladesh, 2007–09. Governor of Bangladesh Bank, 2001–05. [1][2][3][4]
Chung Un-chan PhD 1978 Prime Minister of South Korea, 2009–10. [5][6]
Grover Cleveland F 1899–1908, T 1901–08 22nd and 24th President of the United States, 1885–89, 1893–97. Governor of New York, 1883–85. [7]
John F. Kennedy Att 1935 35th President of the United States, 1961–63. U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, 1953–60. U.S. Navy officer during World War II. [8][9]
James Madison B 1771, Princeton's first GS Fourth President of the United States, 1809–17. Secretary of State, 1801–09. "Father of the U.S. Constitution". [10][11]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski MPA 1971 Prime Minister of Peru, 2005–06. Deputy Director-General of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69. Minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82. Minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05. [12][13]
Syngman Rhee PhD 1910 First President of South Korea, 1948–60. [14]
Idrissa Seck Att Prime Minister of Senegal, 2002–04. [15][16]
Woodrow Wilson B 1879, Pres 1902–10 28th President of the United States, 1913–21. Governor of New Jersey, 1911–13. [17]
Paul van Zeeland PhD 1921 Prime minister of Belgium, 1936–37. [18]

Vice presidents

Three Vice Presidents of the United States and one Vice-President of Kenya have attended Princeton.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs
John C. Breckinridge Att Vice President of the United States, 1857–61. U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1861. Confederate States Secretary of War, 1865. [19]
Aaron Burr B 1772 Vice President of the United States, 1801–05. U.S. Senator from New York, 1791–97. [20]
George M. Dallas B 1810 Vice President of the United States, 1845–49. U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1831–33. Ambassador to Russia, 1837–39. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1856–61. [21]
Josephat Karanja PhD 1962 Vice-President of Kenya, 1988-89. [22]

Cabinet members and senior ministers

This lists Cabinet members and other senior ministers to national governments. Most associated with Princeton have been members of the Cabinet of the United States, but Princetonians have also served in the Cabinets of Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Mexico, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey. John C. Breckinridge served in the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America, the nation proclaimed by the rebelling Southern states during the American Civil War.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs
John Armstrong, Jr. Att U.S. Secretary of War, 1813-14. U.S. Senator from New York, 1800–02, 1804. Minister to France, 1804-10. Minister to Spain, 1806. [23]
Lloyd Axworthy AM 1963, PhD 1972 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada, 1996–2000. [24][25]
Jean-Claude Bajeux PhD 1977 Minister of Culture of Haiti, 1994–95. [26]
James Baker B 1952 White House Chief of Staff, 1981–85, 1992-93. U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1985-88. Secretary of State, 1989-92. [27]
William Belknap B 1848 U.S. Secretary of War, 1869–76. [28]
Ben Bernanke F 1985–2002 Chair of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisors, 2005-06. Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 2006-. Member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2002-05. [29]
John M. Berrien B 1781 U.S. Attorney General, 1829-31. U.S. Senator from Georgia, 1825–29, 1841–45, 1845-52. [30]
George Bibb B 1792 U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1844–45. [31]
W. Michael Blumenthal MPA, AM, PhD, F 1954–57, T U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1977–79. [32]
Joshua Bolten B 1976, F 2009– U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2003-06. White House Chief of Staff, 2006-09. [33][34]
William Bradford B 1772, AM 1775 U.S. Attorney General, 1794-95. [35]
John C. Breckinridge Att Confederate States Secretary of War, 1865. Vice President of the United States, 1857–61. U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1861. [19]
Benjamin H. Brewster B 1834 U.S. Attorney General, 1881-85. [36]
Manuel Camacho Solís MPA 1972 Secretary of Urban Development and Ecology of Mexico, 1986-88. Mayor of Mexico City, 1988-93. [18][37]
J. Donald Cameron B 1852 U.S. Secretary of War, 1876-77. U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1877-97. Chairman of the Republican National Committee, 1880. [38]
George W. Campbell B 1794 U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1814. U.S. Senator from Tennessee, 1811–14, 1815-18. Minister to Russia, 1818-21. [39]
Frank Carlucci B 1952 U.S. National Security Advisor, 1986-87. Secretary of Defense, 1987-89. [40]
Jorge Castañeda Gutman B 1973 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, 2000–03. [41][42]
Chen Pi-Chao PhD 1966 Vice-Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (Taiwan), 2000–02. [43]
George W. Crawford B 1820 U.S. Secretary of War, 1849-50. Governor of Georgia, 1843-47. [44]
Mitch Daniels B 1971 U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2001–03. Governor of Indiana, 2005–. [45][46]
Kemal Derviş PhD 1973, F 1973–78 Finance minister of Turkey, 2001–02. Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, 2005–09. [47][48]
Mahlon Dickerson B 1789 U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1834-38. Governor of New Jersey, 1815-17. U.S. Senator from New Jersey, 1817-33. [49]
John Foster Dulles B 1908 U.S. Secretary of State, 1953-59. U.S. Senator from New York, 1949. [50]
Wim van Eekelen B 1952 Minister of Defence of the Netherlands, 1986–88. [51]
Horst Ehmke Att Minister of Justice of West Germany, 1969. [52][53]
James Forrestal Att U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1944-47. First Secretary of Defense, 1947-49. [54]
John Forsyth B 1799 U.S. Secretary of State, 1834-41. U.S. Senator from Georgia, 1818–19, 1829-34. Governor of Georgia, 1827-29. [55]
Jim Flaherty B 1970 Minister of Finance of Canada, 2006–. [56][57]
Thomas F. Gibson B 1977 Associate director of White House Cabinet Affairs, Director of White House Public Affairs from 1985 to 1987 [58][59]
Talât Sait Halman F 1966–71, 1972–80 First Minister of Culture of Turkey, 1971. [60][61]
Richard Holbrooke MCF 1970 U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, 1999-2001. Special Envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2009-10. [18][62]
Lisa P. Jackson MSE 1986 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009–. [63]
Louka Katseli MPA 1974, PhD 1978 Minister for the Economy, Competitiveness and Shipping of Greece, 2009–10. Minister for Labour and Social Security, 2010–11. [64][65][66][67]
Nicholas Katzenbach B 1945 U.S. Attorney General, 1965-66. [68]
Alan Krueger F 1987– Chair of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, 2011–. [69][70]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski MPA 1971 Minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82. Minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05. Prime Minister of Peru, 2005–06. Deputy Director-General of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69. [12][13]
Anthony Lake PhD 1974 U.S. National Security Advisor, 1993-97. [71]
Charles Lee B 1775 U.S. Attorney General, 1795-1801. [72]
Edward Livingston B 1781 U.S. Secretary of State, 1831-33. Mayor of New York City, 1801-03. U.S. Senator from Louisiana, 1829-31. Ambassador to France, 1833-35. [73]
James Madison B 1771, Princeton's first GS U.S. Secretary of State, 1801–09. President of the United States, 1809–17. "Father of the U.S. Constitution". [10][11]
N. Gregory Mankiw B 1980 Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 2003-05. [74]
John Nelson AM 1825 U.S. Attorney General, 1843–45. [75]
Peter Orszag B 1991 U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2009-10. Congressional Budget Office director, 2007-08. [76][77]
Frank Pace B 1933 U.S. Bureau of the Budget director, 1949–50. Secretary of the Army, 1950–53. [46][78]
Juan Carlos Pinzón MPP 2010 Minister of National Defence of Colombia, 2011–. [79][80]
James M. Porter Att U.S. Secretary of War, 1843–44. [81]
George M. Robeson B 1847 U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1869-77. [82]
Christina Romer F 1985–88 Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 2009-10. [83][84]
Harvey Rosen F 1974– Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 2005. [85][86]
William Ruckelshaus B 1957 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1970–73, 1983–85. [87]
Donald Rumsfeld B 1954 White House Chief of Staff, 1974-75. Secretary of Defense, 1975–77, 2001-06. U.S. Ambassador to NATO, 1973-74. [88]
Richard Rush B 1797 U.S. Attorney General, 1814-17. Secretary of the Treasury, 1825–29. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1817-25. Ambassador to France, 1847-49. [89][90]
Saud bin Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz B 1964 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia, 1975-. [91]
Nathan Shamuyarira B 1967 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Zimbabwe, 1987-1995. [92]
George Shultz B 1942 U.S. Secretary of Labor, 1969-70. Office of Management and Budget director, 1970-72. Secretary of the Treasury, 1972-74. Secretary of State, 1982-89. [93]
James Sinclair GS Minister of Fisheries of Canada, 1952–57. [94]
Robert Smith B 1781 U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1801-09. Secretary of State, 1809-11. [95]
Samuel Southard B 1804 U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1823-29. Interim Secretary of the Treasury, 1825. Interim Secretary of War, 1828. U.S. Senator from New Jersey, 1821–23, 1833-42. Governor of New Jersey, 1832-33. [96]
Bruno Stagno Ugarte MPP 2001 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, 2006–10. Ambassador to the United Nations, 2002–06. [97][98]
Joseph Stiglitz F 1979–88 Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 1995-97. World Bank Chief Economist, 1997-2000. Nobel Prize in Economics, 2001. [99][100][101]
Makhenkesi Stofile AM 1983 Minister of Sport and Recreation of South Africa, 2004–10. [102][103]
Smith Thompson B 1788 U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1818-23. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1823-43. [104]
Russell Train B 1941 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1973–77. [105]
Alexander Trowbridge B 1951 U.S. Secretary of Commerce, 1967–68. [106][107]
Laura Tyson F 1974–77 Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 1993-95. Dean of Haas School of Business, 1998–2001. Dean of London Business School, 2002-06. [108]
Abel P. Upshur Att U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1841-43. Secretary of State, 1843-44. [109][110]
Murray Weidenbaum PhD 1958 Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisers, 1981-82. [111]

Central bankers

This is a list of people associated with Princeton who have held senior positions within central banks. Several Princetonians have held senior positions within the Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States; two (Ben Bernanke and Paul Volcker) have served as Chairman. Another, Nicholas Biddle, served as President of the Second Bank of the United States. Several have served in non-U.S. central banks, as well.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs
Fakhruddin Ahmed PhD 1975 Governor of Bangladesh Bank, 2001-05. Chief Advisor of the caretaker government (interim prime minister) of Bangladesh, 2007–09. [1][2][3][4]
Ben Bernanke F 1985–2002 Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 2006-. Member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2002-05. Chair of the U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisors, 2005-06. [29]
Nicholas Biddle B 1801 President of the Second Bank of the United States, 1822-39. [112]
Alan Blinder B 1967, F 1971– Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, 1994-96. [113]
David Dodge PhD 1972 Governor of the Bank of Canada, 2001-08. [114]
W. Braddock Hickman F President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 1963–70. [115]
Paul Jenkins GS 1982–83 Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, 2003–10. [116]
Narayana Kocherlakota B 1983 President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2009-. [117]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski MPA 1971 Deputy Director-General of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69. Minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82. Minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05. Prime Minister of Peru, 2005–06. [12][13]
Rakesh Mohan AM 1974, PhD 1977 Deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India, 2002–04, 2005-06. [118][119]
Frederick H. Schultz B 1952 Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, 1979–82. [120]
Lars E. O. Svensson F 2001–09 Deupty Governor of the Riksbank (Bank of Sweden), 2007-. [121]
Paul Volcker B 1949, F 1974–75 Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 1979-87. Vice Chairman, 1975-79. [122]
Zhu Min MPA 1988 Deputy Governor of the People's Bank of China, 2009–10. International Monetary Fund: Special Advisor to the Managing Director, 2010–11; Deputy Managing Director, 2011–. [123][124][125]

State and provincial governors

The Governor of New Jersey is an ex officio Trustee of the University.[126] Only Governors with another connection to Princeton are included in this list. Princetonians have served as governors of 23 of the 50 U.S. states.

In the "Notes" column, USSen indicates a United States Senator, and USRep indicates a member of the United States House of Representatives. Governors of U.S. states who also served in Congress represented the same states they governed unless otherwise specified.

Name Affiliation State/Province Service Notes Refs
Nathaniel Alexander B 1776 North Carolina 1805-07 USRep, 1803–05. [127]
Joseph Alston Att 1795–96 South Carolina 1812–14 [128][129]
Samuel Ashe Att North Carolina 1795–98 [130]
Dewey F. Bartlett B 1942 Oklahoma 1967–71 USSen, 1973-79. [131]
Joseph Bloomfield T 1793–1801, 1819–23 New Jersey 1801–12 USRep, 1817–21 [132][133]
Willie Blount Att Tennessee 1809–15 [134]
Kit Bond B 1960 Missouri 1973–77, 1981–85. USSen, 1987-2011. [135][136]
Gerard Brandon Att Mississippi 1825–26, 1826–32 [137]
Brendan Byrne B 1949 New Jersey 1974–82. [138]
William Cahill F 1974–78 New Jersey 1970–74 USRep, 1959–70 [139]
Alfred Colquitt B 1844 Georgia 1876-80 USRep, 1853–55. Confederate major general in the Civil War. USSen, 1883–94. [140]
Prentice Cooper B 1917 Tennessee 1939–45 [141]
George W. Crawford B 1820 Georgia 1843–47 U.S. Secretary of War, 1849-50. [44]
Mitch Daniels B 1971 Indiana 2005– Office of Management and Budget director, 2001–03. [45][46]
William Richardson Davie B 1776 North Carolina 1798–99. [142]
Mahlon Dickerson B 1789 New Jersey 1815-17 USSen, 1817-33. Secretary of the Navy, 1834-38. [49]
John Drayton Att South Carolina 1800–02, 1808–10 [143]
James H. Duff B 1904 Pennsylvania 1947–51 USSen, 1951-57. [144]
Pierre S. du Pont IV B 1956 Delaware 1977–85 USRep, 1971–77 [145]
Peter Early B 1792 Georgia 1813–15 USRep, 1803–07 [146]
Henry W. Edwards B 1797 Connecticut 1833–34, 1835–38 USRep, 1819–23. USSen, 1823–27. [147]
Bob Ehrlich B 1979 Maryland 2003–07 USRep, 1995–2003. [148]
John Forsyth B 1799 Georgia 1827–29 USRep, 1813–18. USSen, 1818–19, 1829-34. Secretary of State, 1834-41. [55]
Daniel Fowle B 1851 North Carolina 1889-91 [149]
William B. Giles B 1781 Virginia 1827–30 USRep, 1790–98, 1801–03. USSen, 1804–15. [150]
Robert Stockton Green B 1850 New Jersey 1887–89 USRep, 1885–87. [151]
Daniel Haines B 1820 New Jersey 1844–45, 1848–51 [152]
Thomas Henderson B 1761 New Jersey 1793 or 1794 [153][154]
John Henry B 1769 Maryland 1797–98 USSen, 1789-97. [155]
James Iredell B 1806 North Carolina 1828 USSen, 1828-31. [156]
Thomas Kean B 1957 New Jersey 1982–90 Chair of the 9/11 Commission. [157]
Blair Lee III B 1938 Maryland 1977–79 Acting Governor during Marvin Mandel's term. [158]
Henry "Lighthorse Harry" Lee III B 1773, AM 1776 Virginia 1792–95 American Revolutionary War cavalry officer. [159]
Morgan Lewis B 1773 New York 1804–07 [160]
John L. Manning Att South Carolina 1852–54 [161]
Imee Marcos Att Ilocos Norte 2010– [162][163]
Alexander Martin B 1756 North Carolina 1781–84, 1789–92 Acting Governor, 1781–82. USSen, 1793–99. [164]
James G. Martin PhD 1960 North Carolina 1985-93 [165]
James McDowell B 1817 Virginia 1843–46 USRep, 1846–51. [166]
Patrick Noble B 1806 South Carolina 1838–40 [167]
Aaron Ogden B 1773, T 1803–39 New Jersey 1812 USSen, 1802–03. [168]
Joel Parker B 1839 New Jersey 1863-66, 1872-75. [169]
William Paterson B 1763 New Jersey 1791–93 USSen, 1789-90. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1793-1806. [170]
William Pennington B 1813 New Jersey 1837-43. USRep, 1859–61; Speaker, 1859-61. [171]
Andrew Pickens Att South Carolina 1816–18 [172]
James Pollock B 1831 Pennsylvania 1855–58 USRep, 1844–49. [173]
Thomas Pratt Att Maryland 1845–48 USSen, 1850–55, 1855-57. [174]
Rodman Price Att New Jersey 1854–57 USRep, 1851–53. [175]
Thomas Riggs, Jr. B 1894 Alaska 1918–21 [176]
John Rutherfoord B 1810 Virginia 1841–42 [177][178]
Whitemarsh Seabrook B 1812 South Carolina 1848–50 [179]
Samuel Southard B 1804 New Jersey 1832–33 USSen, 1821–23, 1833-42. Secretary of the Navy, 1823-29. [96]
Eliot Spitzer B 1981 New York 2007–08 [180]
Samuel Sprigg B 1806 Maryland 1819–22 [178]
Ingram Stainback B 1907 Hawaii 1942–51 [181][182]
Adlai Stevenson II B 1922 Illinois 1949–52 Democratic candidate for President of the United States, 1952, 1956, 1960. U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, 1961-65. [183]
David Stone B 1788 North Carolina 1808-10 USRep, 1799–1801. USSen, 1801–07, 1813-14. [184]
Bob Taft MPA 1967 Ohio 1999–2007 [18][185]
John Taylor B 1790 South Carolina 1826–28 USRep, 1807–10. USSen, 1810–16. [186]
Isaac Tichenor B 1775 Vermont 1797–1807, 1808–09 USSen, 1796–97, 1815-21. [187]
George Troup B 1797 Georgia 1823–27 USRep, 1807–15. USSen, 1816–18, 1829–33. [188]
William Henry Vanderbilt III Att Rhode Island 1939–41 [178][189]
George White B 1895 Ohio 1931–35 USRep, 1911–15, 1917–19. Chair of the Democratic National Committee, 1920-21. [190]
G. Mennen Williams B 1933 Michigan 1949–61 U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines, 1968–69. [191]
Woodrow Wilson B 1879, Pres 1902–10 New Jersey 1911–13 President of the United States, 1913-21. [17]
John Gilbert Winant Att, AM 1925 New Hampshire 1925-27, 1931–35 First chairman of the Social Security Board, 1935-37. U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1941-46. [192][193][194][195]

Continental Congress

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Constitutional Convention

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Senate

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House of Representatives

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U.S. Supreme Court

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Other

This section lists people not listed in prior sections. It includes members of legislatures other than the U.S. Congress, judges and other legal officials, diplomats, sub-Cabinet officials, activists, royalty, and other figures in politics and government.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs
Ralph A. Bard B 1906 U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1941-44. Under Secretary of the Navy, 1944-45. [196][197]
Walden Bello PhD 1975 Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, 2007-. [198][199]
James G. Birney B 1810 Publisher of The Philanthropist. Liberty Party candidate for President of the United States, 1840, 1844. [133]
Matthew Boxer B 1992 First New Jersey State Comptroller, 2008–. [200]
Cabell Breckinridge B 1810 Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives (1817–1819); Kentucky Secretary of State (1820–1823); member of the Breckinridge family; married Mary Clay Smith, daughter of Princeton President Samuel Stanhope Smith [201][202][203]
Rudi Brewster B 1954 United States District Judge, 1984-. [204]
Ken Buck B 1981 Republican Party nominee for U.S. Senate in Colorado, 2010. [205]
William Marshall Bullitt B 1894 Solicitor General of the United States, 1912-13. [206]
Harvey Locke Carey GS 1943 United States Attorney for the Western District of Louisiana, 1950-1952. [207]
William Colby B 1940 U.S. Director of Central Intelligence, 1973-76. [208]
Ryan Crocker MCF 1985 U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon, 1990; Kuwait, 1994–97; Syria, 1998–2001; Pakistan, 2004–07; Iraq, 2007–09; Afghanistan, 2011-. [18][209]
Ted Cruz B 1992 Solicitor general of Texas, 2003-08; U.S. senator since 2013 [210]
William Lewis Dayton, Jr. B 1858 United States Ambassador to the Netherlands [211]
John Doar B 1944 Lead prosecutor in the "Mississippi Burning" trial. [212][213]
Allen Dulles B 1914, AM 1916 U.S. Director of Central Intelligence, 1953-61. [214]
Steve Forbes B 1970 Publishing executive and Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1996 and 2000. [215]
Charles Fried B 1956 Solicitor General of the United States, 1985-89. [216]
Richard Funkhouser B 1939 U.S. Ambassador to Gabon, 1969-70. [217][218]
Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad B 1988 Prince of Jordan. [219]
Robert Goheen B 1940, AM 1947, PhD 1948, F 1948–72, Pres 1957–72 U.S. Ambassador to India, 1977-80. [220][221]
Caitlin Halligan B 1988 Solicitor general of New York, 2001-07. [222]
Christopher Hughes B 1805 Chargé d'affaires in Sweden and The Netherlands in the 1820s and 1830s. [223]
Ted Hsu PhD 1989 Member of the House of Commons of Canada for Kingston and the Islands, 2011–. [224]
George F. Kennan B 1925 Cold War diplomat and architect of the United States's "containment" strategy. [225]
A.B. Krongard B 1958 Executive director of the CIA, 2001-04. [226][227]
W. Thacher Longstreth B 1941 Philadelphia City Councilman, 1969–71, 1983-2003. [228][229]
Donold Lourie B 1922 U.S. Under Secretary of State for Administration, 1953-54. [230][231]
Chris Lu B 1988 Cabinet Secretary to U.S. President Barack Obama, 2009-13; United States Deputy Secretary of Labor 2014-. [232]
John Mackintosh Att Member of the UK House of Commons, 1966–74, 1974–78. [233]
Lorna Marsden PhD 1972 Member of the Senate of Canada representing Ontario, 1984-92. [234][235]
Robert Morrow (local politician) B Republican Party chairman of Travis County, Texas, elected 2016; considered a conspiracy theorist, anti-Hillary Clinton activist [236]
Robert Mueller B 1966 Director of the F.B.I., 2001–. [237]
Ralph Nader B 1955 U.S. presidential candidate, consumer advocate, political activist. [238]
Queen Noor of Jordan B 1974 Queen consort of Jordan, 1978–99. Queen dowager of Jordan, 1999–. [239]
Michelle Obama B 1985 First Lady of the United States, 2009–. [240]
Paul Offner MPA 1966, PhD 1970 Wisconsin State Senator, 1977-84. District of Columbia Commissioner of Health Care Finance, 1995-99. [241][242][243]
Richard Perle AM 1967 Chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, 2001-03. [244]
David Petraeus MPA 1985, PhD 1987 Head of U.S. forces in Iraq, 2007–08. Commander of USCENTCOM, 2008–10. Commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan, 2010–11. Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, 2011–. [245][246][247]
Stuart Rabner B 1982 New Jersey Attorney General, 2006-07. Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, 2007-. [248]
Bruce Reed B 1982 Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States, 2011–. [249]
Albert Rees former Provost advisor to President Gerald Ford [250]
Richard Riordan B 1952 Mayor of Los Angeles, 1993-2001. [251]
Anthony Romero B 1982 Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union, 2001–. [252][253]
Stapleton Roy B 1956 U.S. Ambassador to Singapore, 1984–86; China, 1991–95; Indonesia, 1996-99. [254]
Andrew Schlafly B 1981 American conservative lawyer and activist. Founder of Conservapedia. [255]
Anne-Marie Slaughter B 1980; F 2002–09, 2011– Dean of Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2002-09. Director of Policy Planning for the U.S. State Department, 2009-11. [256][257]
Henry DeWolf Smyth B 1918, AM 1920, PhD 1921, F 1924–66 Author of the Smyth Report. Member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1949–54. U.S. Ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, 1961–70. [258][259]
Ronald Spiers MPA 1950 U.S. Ambassador to Turkey, 1977-80. U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan, 1982-83. Under Secretary of State for Management, 1983-89. [260]
Phillip Swagel B 1987 U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy, 2006–09. [261]
Norman Thomas B 1905 American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate. [262]
David Trefgarne Att Member of the British House of Lords, 1962–. Held a number of posts in the Thatcher ministry. [263]

References

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  21. George Mifflin Dallas at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
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  23. John Armstrong, Jr. at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2 Sep 2011
  24. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. John Macpherson Berrien at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  31. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. James Donald Cameron at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 16 Sep 2011
  39. George Washington Campbell at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 16 Sep 2011
  40. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. 44.0 44.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. 45.0 45.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. 49.0 49.1 Mahlon Dickerson at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  50. John Foster Dulles at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 30 Aug 2011
  51. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. 55.0 55.1 John Forsyth at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  56. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. Reagan University of Texas
  59. The Atlantic
  60. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. Edward Livingston at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 30 Aug 2011
  74. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. George Maxwell Robeson at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2 Sep 2011
  83. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  92. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  93. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  94. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  95. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. 96.0 96.1 Samuel Lewis Southard at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  97. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  98. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  99. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  100. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  101. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  102. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  103. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  104. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  105. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  106. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  107. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  108. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  109. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  110. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  111. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  112. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  113. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  114. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  115. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  116. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  117. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  118. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  119. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  120. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  121. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  122. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  123. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  124. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  125. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  126. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  127. Nathaniel Alexander at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  128. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  129. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  130. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  131. Dewey Follet Bartlett at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  132. Joseph Bloomfield at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 4 Sep 2011
  133. 133.0 133.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  134. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  135. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  136. Christopher Samuel Bond at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  137. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  138. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  139. William Thomas Cahill at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 16 Sep 2011
  140. Alfred Holt Colquitt at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  141. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  142. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  143. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. James Henderson Duff at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  145. Pierre Samuel du Pont IV at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  146. Peter Early at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  147. Henry Waggaman Edwards at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  148. Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr. at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  149. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  150. William Branch Giles at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 15 Sep 2011
  151. Richard Stockton Green at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  152. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  153. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. Thomas Henderson (New Jersey) at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 3 Sep 2011
  155. John Henry at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  156. James Iredell at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  157. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  158. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  159. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  160. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  161. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  162. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  163. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  164. Alexander Martin at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  165. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  166. James McDowell at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011
  167. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  168. Aaron Ogden at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  169. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  170. William Paterson at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  171. William Pennington at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  172. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  173. James Pollock at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  174. Thomas George Pratt at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 16 Sep 2011
  175. Rodman McCamley Price at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011
  176. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  177. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  178. 178.0 178.1 178.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  179. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  180. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  181. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  182. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  183. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  184. David Stone at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  185. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  186. John Taylor at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  187. Isaac Tichenor at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  188. George Michael Troup at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  189. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  190. George White at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 29 Aug 2011
  191. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  192. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  193. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  194. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  195. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  196. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  197. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  198. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  199. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  200. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  201. *Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  202. *Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  203. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  204. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  205. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  206. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  207. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  208. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  209. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  210. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  211. Princeton University General Catalogue, 1896, page 104
  212. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  213. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  214. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  215. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  216. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  217. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  218. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  219. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  220. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  221. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  222. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  223. Spencer C. Tucker, The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812, 2012, page 355
  224. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  225. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  226. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  227. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  228. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  229. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  230. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  231. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  232. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  233. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  234. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  235. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  236. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  237. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  238. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  239. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  240. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  241. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  242. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  243. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  244. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  245. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  246. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  247. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  248. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  249. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  250. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  251. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  252. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  253. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  254. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  255. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  256. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  257. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  258. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  259. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  260. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  261. Phillip Swagel. University of Maryland School of Public Policy. Accessed Jan. 8, 2014.
  262. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  263. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.